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Topic: Umnak

	Umnak Homepage
		Umnak is part of the "Fox" islands, southwest of mainland Alaska in the Aleutian chain.
		Umnak has no natural harbor, supports no trees, and is very mountainous.
		General Buckner solved the runway problem by importing to Umnak 3,000,000 square feet of Marsden Matting, perforated-steel plating (PSP) that could be assembled with other steel plates to create a flat surface upon which aircraft could take off and land.
	www.hlswilliwaw.com /aleutians/umnak-homepage.htm (222 words)

	Okmok 1997
		Okmok Caldera is located on Umnak Island in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska.
		Umnak Island was home to Fort Glenn, a W.W.II military base abandoned after W.W.II.
		The base included 3 airstrips, one of which was located not far from a breach in the caldera wall which appeared might be a good route into the caldera.
	www.airbornescientific.com /okmok.htm (3240 words)

	Chapter X: Alaska in the War, 1942
		For the time being he was firmly opposed to the extension of aviation facilities in the Aleutians beyond Umnak, and indeed to any other preparations for offensive operations from Alaska until the Russians indicated a willingness to permit the operation of American planes from Siberian bases.
		While the Umnak and Cold Bay airfields were being rushed to completion, the Japanese High Command was planning to attack and occupy points in the Aleutian Islands as part of their "second phase" offensive.
		While Army planes based on Umnak and at Cold Bay were not able to prevent the enemy from bombing and strafing Dutch Harbor, planes from Umnak did intercept 8 of the Junyo planes returning from the second day's attack and shot down 4 of them while losing 2 of their own.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/wwii/Guard-US/ch10.htm (7913 words)

	CCF page
		Asi nain Laimi cu kanmah holh te in kan umnak paoh ah Pathian a thangtthat duh mi kan si ruang ah le thil ttha a si caah kan ti lai cu a thli i kan saduh thahnak cu duhsah in a hung thang cuahmah.
		Zan 12:00 leng tiang kan hawi le cu kan hngak hna (kan umnak aa hlat cio caah).
		Cun Umnak inn zong Onnuri lei he um tti awk kan tthat ti lo caah kanmah tein kan i hlan.
	bik.0me.com /lcf/main.html (1921 words)

	Hunting and Fishing Adventures in the Aleutian Islands Alaska (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Umnak Island, which is 70 miles long by 20 miles wide is truly a pristine Alaska environment, yet it’s been inhabited by native Alaskans that have subsisted off the natural resources for over 10,000 years.
		Besides the fishing and hunting opportunities on Umnak, the adventure touring and wildlife viewing are considered world class.
		The Ugludax Lodge is located on a bluff overlooking a series of freshwater lakes and the Bering Sea just outside the Alaska native village of Nikolski on the island of Umnak.
	mumalaska.com /ugludaxlodge (459 words)

	Umnak Island
		After Pearl Harbor was attacked in 1941, this field was established as a tactical air base to support Ft. Mears Naval Base in Dutch Harbor Alaska.
		It was airmen from Umnak Isalnd that were deployed to intercept the Japanese attacks at Dutch Harbor.
		73rd BS and 28th Composite Group (B-25s) - April 1943, the transferred from Elmendorf field to Umnak Island.
	www.pacificwrecks.com /provinces/alaska_umnak.html (86 words)

	Recheschnoi - Bibliography
		Geology and geochemistry of the Geyser Bight Geothermal area, Umnak Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Nye, C. J., Motyka, R. J., Turner, D. L., and Liss, S. A., 1992, : Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigations RI 92-1, 85 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000.
		The petrology of Umnak and Bogoslof islands, Alaska: Byers, F. M., 1955, : University of Chicago unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 189 p.
		Trace element variation in the volcanic rocks of Adak and Umnak Islands of the Aleutian Arc: Walker, A. III., 1974, : Columbia University unpublished M.S. thesis, 39 p.
	www.avo.alaska.edu /volcanoes/volcbib.php?volcname=Recheschnoi&sort=title (2215 words)

	Museum Book Store (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Entitled Umnak: The People Remember, this is a chronicle of the cultural history of Umnak Island and Nikolski village compiled by head teacher of Nikolski School Tyler M. Schlung and the students of Nikolski School.
		Included are interviews with Aleut elders conducted by Nikolski School students, an overview of the social life and customs of the Umnak Island native population, and essays and poems by the children of Nikolski.
		Also detailed is the story of the World War II evacuation and return, and the wreck of the Umnak Native, a trading ship that sunk in 1933 killing several residents.
	www.aleutians.org /book.html (507 words)

	Aleutian Activities and Tours - Off Island Excursions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Alaska-grown, naturally raised grass finished beef from Umnak is now demanding a premium price in the North American marketplace.
		Umnak beef is marketed by Alaska Natural Meats, Ltd.
		Accommodation is now available at the main ranch house, renovated enlisted men's quarters, or one of several ranch bunkhouses.
	www.grandaleutian.com /touroff.html (188 words)

	Recheschnoi - Bibliography
		Black, R. F., 1976, Geology of Umnak Island, eastern Aleutian Islands, as related to the Aleuts: Arctic and Alpine Research, v.
		Walker, A. III., 1974, Trace element variation in the volcanic rocks of Adak and Umnak Islands of the Aleutian Arc: Columbia University unpublished M.S. thesis, 39 p.
		Byers, F. M., 1955, The petrology of Umnak and Bogoslof islands, Alaska: University of Chicago unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 189 p.
	www.avo.alaska.edu /volcanoes/volcbib.php?volcname=Recheschnoi (2237 words)

	The Lost Frontier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Since Umnak is mountainous and has no trees, it was doubtful a runway could be constructed.
		Forty-three Americans died — 33 military and 10 civilians — and 11 planes from Umnak were lost.
		While he was at the remote Aleutian island town of Umnak from 1942 to 1943, Faber lived in a Quonset hut.
	www.af.mil /news/airman/0603/secret.html (981 words)

	VPNAVY - Charles L. Fitzpatrick History Summary Page - VP Patrol Squadron
		Our trip to Umnak was uneventful except for all the chatter about home, family, sweethearts, wives and plans for our thirty days leave.
		We checked in at Umnak, ate, fueled 82V, got an 'iffy' weather report, and with an affirmative vote of the crew, we took off for Kodiak at 1514 hours.
		In 1987, forty-five years after the war, at Fleet Air Wings Four's Reunion I learned that Lieutenant Robert Larson 01- VPB-136 an experienced Aleutian aviator and twice a member of the elite Empire Express group suggested to Lt. Moorehead he postpone his Kodak trip that afternoon.
	www.vpnavy.com /vp136_clf_41.html (2069 words)

	Voyage through the Aleutians - Part 2
		The Baby Islands lie just west of the northern end of the Umnak Channel and are continually swept by strong currents producing tide rips and whirl pools.
		In the morning we reached Umnak, an island famous for its active Okmok Volcano.
		Umnak has a small native Aleut or as they prefer to call themselves, Unangan population who have kept cattle on the island, a leftover from the first Russian explorers.
	www.oceanwanderers.com /Aleut.2.html (2972 words)

	Umnak Archived Guestbook Entries 040719-050121
		I would like to hear from anyone who was stationed at any one of the radar sites that were located at Kettle Cape, Nikolski, and Cape Tanak on Umnak Alaska from 1942 to 1945, or for that matter any one who is there now.
		I was on Umnak during the battle of Attu.
		My medical detachment was alerted to move to off shore of Attu due to the Japs overrunning the medics and the back up had to go ashore.
	www.hlswilliwaw.com /aleutians/Umnak/html/umnak_archived_guestbook_entries_040719-050121.htm (251 words)

	2001 News Releases - NASA Radar Gives Fresh Look at Alaska's Unique Terrain
		A NASA mission to study Alaska's unique terrain is providing scientists with their first detailed look at the changing topography of one of Earth's most active volcanic regions.
		After initial processing at JPL, the Airsar data were sent to the Alaska Synthetic Aperture Radar Facility at the Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska Fairbanks.
		Field work on Umnak was completed this past summer, and a new revised geologic map of the island combining field and airborne measurements will be created.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /releases/2001/release_2001_193.html (457 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		He was soon joined by Korovin's boat, and they wintered in Umnak, exploring it pretty thoroughly.
		He reached Umnak September 16th, and there learned that a compact had been entered into by the chiefs of the natives on Umnak, Akutan, and Unalashka to unite in driving the Russians from the islands, or to destroy them all.
		At Umnak, Solovioff was joined by Korovin, who left Glottoff in the spring of 1765.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /service/gc/mtfgc/12473/3390304.txt (319 words)

	Okmok - Bibliography
		Unknown, 1946, Volcanic activity on Umnak Island in the Aleutians: Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, v.
		Miller, T. P., and Smith, R. L., 1976, Two caldera-forming eruptions on Umnak Island, eastern Aleutian Islands [abs.]: in Cobb, E. H., (ed.), The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: accomplishments during 1975, U.S. Geological Survey Circular C 0733, p.
		Grey, D. M., 2003, Post-caldera eruptions at Okmok volcano, Umnak Island, Alaska, with emphasis on recent eruptions from Cone A: University of Alaska Fairbanks unpublished M.S. thesis, 135 p.
	www.avo.alaska.edu /volcanoes/volcbib.php?volcname=Okmok&sort=date (7469 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		In this year a vessel named the Trinity, commanded by Korovin ; another, the Zacharias and Elisabeth, under Drtsenin ; one in charge of Medvedeff, with fifty men, and a fourth under Stephen Glottoff, with forty-six men, sailed from Kamchatka on trading voyages to the islands.
		Medvedeff reached Umnak, where he and his crew were killed by the exasperated natives.
		He passed Umnak and discovered the island of Kadiak.* Here he wintered, but was obliged to use great caution, as the natives, less pliant than those to the westward, evinced many symptoms of hostility.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /gc/mtfgc/12473/3380303.txt (348 words)

	cap.VI-XI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		An account of the attack on one group of Russians led by Denis Medvedev is still told by the Umnak Island Aleuts.
		The story tells of the Aleuts decision to get rid of the Russians, their meetings of representatives from different villages, and of the attack itself.
		One Russian captain destroyed all the villages on the south end of Umnak Island.
	www.ankn.uaf.edu /culturalchange/chap.6-11.html (6872 words)

	SPACE.com -- NASA Radar Gives Detailed Look at Alaska's Ever-Changing Topography
		The image on Okmok volcano on Umnak Island was created by draping a Landsat 7 Thematic Mapper image over a digital elevation mosaic derived from Airsar data collected in October 2001.
		This image is a perspective view of Umnak Island, one of Alaska's Aleutian Islands.
		It was created with Airsar data that was geocoded and combined into this mosaic as part of a NASA-funded Alaska Digital Elevation Model Project at the Alaska Synthetic Aperture Radar Facility (ASF) at the University of Alaska Geophysical Institute in Fairbanks, Alaska.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/planetearth/nasa_alaska_011009.html (536 words)

	Ziangtikah,
		Falam umnak hi tlang sang tuk lo, niam tuk lo (tipithuanthum ihsin 5200' sang) a si ruangah, nikhua a nuam.
		Kan neih thei loih, kan umnak kohhran fehpi duh dan vek lawngin calai khal kan fehpi pang ahcun, calai cu a si lonak ding vekin kan fehpi tinak a si.
		Kohhran cu Khristianpawl umnak lawng a si laiah, calai cu kohhran sim lo, Khristian zate le zumlotu pawl tiangih umnak hmunpi a si.
	www.ycld.org /literature/AwFalamVol1.html (8598 words)

	UMNAK AP, SW ISLANDS, ALASKA USA Weather History and Climate Data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		UMNAK AP, SW ISLANDS, ALASKA USA Weather History and Climate Data
		Weather station UMNAK AP, SW ISLANDS is at about 53.38°N 167.90°W. Height about 40m / 131 feet above sea level.
		Source: UMNAK AP, SW ISLANDS data derived from NCDC Cooperative Stations.
	www.worldclimate.com /cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N53W167+2200+501258C (52 words)

	P-38 War Stories - Jun 2001
		The airfield at Dutch Harbor was made by literally blasting off the side of a mountain.
		I was leading a flight of four new replacement 38's from Elmendorf at Anchorage to Umnak.
		The weather at Umnak shut down and the weather at Cold Bay behind us shut down, and we were lucky to get into Dutch or they would have had four more 38's to research.
	p38assn.org /warstories/archives/stories_06-01.htm (405 words)

	206th - Introduction
		The near extinction of the Aleuts was evident when I first flew down the Aleutian chain in July of 1941.
		There were only two villages to the west of Nikolski on the island of Umnak.
		In a distance of 680 nautical miles, there were about forty natives who made their home on Atka, and sixty, under old Chief Mike Hodakof, on Attu.
	www.angelfire.com /tn/ww2essays/intro1.html (806 words)

	June 1942 - WWII Pacific Chronology
		ALASKA (11th Air Force): Local patrol is flown at Umnak.
		USN - Patrol planes of Pat Wing 4 discovered the presence of the enemy on Kiska and Attu--the first news of Japanese landings that had taken place on the 7th.
		AA downs a B-24; the other B-24s are pursued by 4 fighters back to Umnak where US fighters drive them off.
	www.pacificwrecks.com /60th/today/1942/6-42.html (3306 words)

	Okmok - Bibliography
		The volcano is capped by a large, circular caldera, 10 kilometers in diameter and 500 to 800 meters deep, that formed during catastrophic eruptions about 12,000 and 2,000 years ago.
		After expelling up to 0.25 km3 DRE of rhyodacitic Plinian air fall and 0.35 km3 DRE of andesitic phreatomagmatic tephra, the caldera collapsed and produced the 29 km3 DRE Okmok II scoria deposit, which is composed of valleyponding, poorly sorted, massive facies and over-bank, stratified facies with planar and cross bedding."
		Wolfe, B. A., 2001, Paleohydrology of a catastrophic flood release from Okmok caldera and post-flood eruption history at Okmok Volcano, Umnak Island, Alaska: University of Alaska Fairbanks unpublished M.S. thesis, 100 p.
	www.avo.alaska.edu /volcanoes/volcbib.php?volcname=Okmok (7672 words)

	36th Bomb Squadron Troop Movements - 11th Air Force WWII
		- Umnak Island, Ak to Kodiak, Ak 23 Aug 1942
		- Umnak Island, Ak to Adak, Ak 13 Nov 1942
		- Adak, Ak to Umnak Island, Ak 27 Mar 1943
	www.geocities.com /tempelhof.geo/36bstroopmovements.html (319 words)

	Volcanoes: Vsevidof and Recheschnoi Volcanoes, Umnak Island, Eastern Aleutian Islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Vsevidof and Recheschnoi Volcanoes, Umnak Island, Eastern Aleutian Islands
		Vsevidof and Recheschnoi Volcanoes, Umnak Island, Eastern Aleutian Islands Elevation: 7,050 feet (2,149 m) Vsevidof
		Six miles away, Recheschnoi, from the Holocene, heavily glaciated -- an all but identical cone to the casual eye -- has been dormant in historic times.
	www.redtailcanyon.com /items/14152.aspx (301 words)

	Equinox Expeditions/Umnak Island Unalaska Backpacking Aleutian Islands Trekking, Alaska backpack trips ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		High peaks rise mythically out of the sea, and volcanoes keep scientists busy predicting their cycles of dormancy and activity.
		The focus of our exploration is the geothermally active Umnak Island.
		Here, volcanoes rise abruptly, intersected by eroded valleys and huge expanses of fl lava moonscapes.
	www.equinoxexpeditions.com /umnak.html (543 words)

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