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Topic: Unassigned Lands

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	Edmond Historical Society \| Harrison's Horse Race
		Land hunger was growing throughout the nation, and lands reserved for Native Americans were eagerly sought by homesteaders.
		Since the early 1880's the "Kansas Boomers", made repeated illegal excursions into the Unassigned Lands to establish homesteads and colonies, only to be repeatedly removed by military forces.
		Thus were born the familiar "Sooners" - those who knew the area and illegally concealed themselves on the better land prior to the opening, and the "Boomers" - those who sought to enter and stake their claims as the government had stipulated.
	www.edmondhistory.org /exhi_harr.html (445 words)

	Unassigned Lands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Unassigned Lands, or Oklahoma, were in the center of the lands ceded to the United States by the Creek (Muskogee), and Seminole Indians following the Civil War and on which no other tribes had been settled.
		By 1883 it was bounded by the Cherokee Outlet on the north, several relocated Indian reservations on the east, the Chickasaw lands on the south, and the Cheyenne-Arapaho reserve on the west.
		Article 2 of the 1833 treaty defined the land chosen under the 1825 treaty as being west and south of the Cherokee lands and bordering the Canadian River on the south and the Mexican border on the west.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Unassigned_Lands (1299 words)

	Opening Of The West - Oklahoma Indian Territory
		The Unassigned Lands were laid out in 160-acres homesteads, and on 22 April 1889, it was opened to white settlement in the "Run" for farms and town lots, which has become one of the most dramatized episodes in western history.
		Since the Unassigned Lands had been settled 29 months earlier, in the first Land Run April 22, 1889, there had been a steady push for surrounding Indian reservations to also be opened in similar fashion.
		Land hungry settlers viewed the cattlemen's use of the area as a waste of fertile farmland and pressured the government to purchase the Cherokee land from the Cherokee.
	jcs-group.com /oldwest/courage/unassigned.html (1956 words)

	The Museum Gazette (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Then, before these “unassigned lands” were filled, the Creeks and Seminoles were convinced to sell 1,887,796 acres to the United States, which included part of the land settled by the Cheyenne and Arapaho.
		Land offices were built at Guthrie and Kingfisher so settlers could register their claims with the government as required by the Homestead Act.
		This land had been lucrative to the tribes because cattlemen were charged a toll per head to drive their cattle across it to market.
	www.nps.gov /jeff/Gazettes/OKLandRush.html (1657 words)

	The Unassigned Lands and the Oklahoma "Colonies" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		As the various tribes from Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado were assigned to reservations in the Indian Territory, all of the lands were thus set aside except a district in the central part of the Territory, which included the larger parts of the present counties of Canadian, Cleveland, Kingfisher, Logan, Oklahoma and Payne.
		In 1876, several cattle ranches were extablished on these lands and the whole district was occupied by stock ranges within a year or two afterward.
		Finally, early in 1879 some of the railway attorneys at Washington announced that they had discovered that the lands of the Unassigned District were government lands and were, therefore, subject to the homestead laws and open to settlement.
	www.rootsweb.com /~oknowata/TUL.htm (648 words)

	Lili'uokalani Loses A Big One (The Crown Lands) -- Liliuokalani v. United States, 45 Ct. Cl. 418 (1910)
		The fact that the lands were not stolen is documented by the chain of custody of the Crown Lands, recognized as legitimate by the decision of the Court in this case.
		lands which led to the institution of the board of land commissioners, and to the division made by the King himself, with the assistance of his privy council." It was in fact the usual contest between the monarch and his people.
		The commissioners of crown lands are hereby authorized and empowered to make proper deeds of assurance to the said Claus Spreckels, of the several lands specified in the schedule hereto, in full satisfaction and discharge of all claims the said Claus Spreckels may have or claim in the said lands known as crown lands.
	www.angelfire.com /hi2/hawaiiansovereignty/liliucrownlands.html (9671 words)

	Payne County (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The preservation of the history of Stillwater during the Land Run and the pioneer days is an important mission of the Sheerar Museum.
		In the 1870s and 1880s, several attempts at Boomer settlements were made in the Unassigned Lands of Oklahoma to force the Federal Government to open the territory to homesteaders.
		Land records technically go back to 1889 (not all were rerecorded after the courthouse fire of 1894).
	members.tripod.com /burkewebb/payne_county.htm (415 words)

	The Unassigned Lands of Oklahoma Territory
		Their towns were built upon lands to which they could obtain no title, and their children were denied access to tribal schools; as a result, they were eager for the extinguishment of the Indian land tenure and the creation of a government in which they could participate.
		Looking over the border at this cattleman's "fair and happy land," white farmers of Kansas, Missouri, and sections even more remote began the long-continued agitation for throwing open for settlement of the fertile acres which were not used and occupied by their Indian owners.
		Finally the United States purchased title to the land, and on March 2, 1889, President Benjamin Harrison signed legislation that opened up the "Unassigned Lands" -- embracing almost 3,000,000 acres lying in the heart of the territory -- from the Creeks and Seminoles.
	www.rootsweb.com /~itunassi/index.html (1403 words)

	J. L. Brown's Narrative-1908 OK History-Ch. 21
		Acting on this belief the boomers, under the lead of their captains, repeatedly invaded, settled upon and laid out towns on these unassigned lands, and were as often removed by force by the United States military authorities.
		All this kept up such an agitation that these unassigned lands were prominently called to the attention to the public and led to a fight in Congress to open the same for settlement.
		The north line of Dale's land was at Thirteenth street, and the parties owning the land north of Dale's, expecting Broadway to come straight north, laid Broadway through their land, just where it would have been, if Dale had not bent it to the west, and hence that jog on Thirteenth and Broadway.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/topic/historical/ok_22.htm (7685 words)

	2005 Oklahoma Landrun Ride - Part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		On April 22, 1889, the Unassigned Lands of Oklahoma were opened to settlement by a landrun......
		To be eligible to participate in the run, one had to be the head of a family, at least eighteen years old if a male or twenty-one years old if a female, and be an American citizen or have filed a declaration of intention to become one.
		Those who claimed land within one of the two designated townsites could only try to control as much land as they were physically able to.
	www.reddirtpedalers.com /gallery/20050423a/index.asp (1131 words)

	Opinions of the Solicitor of the Department of the Interior Relating to Indian Affairs p.1851-1875
		The land was then selected by the Indian Agent for a school farm by including it as allotment number 335 on his schedule of allotments to individual Indians approved by the Secretary of the Interior on September 16, 1891.
		Technically, the setting apart of the lands under authority of Congress was not an "allotment" within the meaning of the allotment laws, but a reservation of the lands from homestead entry for use as a school farm.
		Obviously any disturbance of the surface of the land that is necessary to the lessee's operations, including the building of necessary roads, is justified and there would seem to be no basis for objecting to his use of soil and other materials within the disturbed area where necessary to the operation.
	thorpe.ou.edu /sol_opinions/p1851-1875.htm (10791 words)

	HistoryLink Essay:Wheeler-Howard Act (Indian Reorganization Act) shifts U.S. policy toward Native American right to ...
		Funds are authorized for educational assistance and to assist tribes in purchasing tribal lands.
		Tribal lands were assigned to individual members who were free after 25 years (if the government deemed them "competent") to sell off their allotments.
		Unassigned lands were then made available for homesteaders.
	www.historylink.org /essays/printer_friendly/index.cfm?file_id=2599 (492 words)

	Oklahoma Land Openings 1889-1907 - OkGenWeb
		The Land Tract Books are the records of the first owners of land, showing name, legal description and date of entry for all of Oklahoma Territory.
		The Kickapoo lands were added to Lincoln, Oklahoma and Pottawatomie Counties.
		List of registrants for the land lottery for the opening of the Kiowa-Comanche- Apache Lands (now Comanche, Cotton, Tillman, Caddo, Kiowa counties) at Ft. Sill.
	marti.rootsweb.com /land/oklands.html (2621 words)

	Chronicles of Oklahoma
		He at once saw the injustice of the government permitting thousands of head of cattle to graze upon the millions of acres of rich land in the fertile Indian Territory country; while the multitude of men and women who had no homes were not permitted to put a plow in the ground.
		Gault alleged in his pleadings that Crocker was disqualified to hold land by reason of his having been in the country and had taken advantage of his presence to enter the land in violation of the provisions of the law and the proclamation of the President.
		The case of Gault vs. Crocker was appealed from the local land office to Washington and Gault was awarded the claim.
	digital.library.okstate.edu /chronicles/v013/v013p273.html (8880 words)

	Sooners - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was a derogatory term, used to describe settlers who entered the Unassigned Lands before President Harrison officially proclaimed them open to settlement with the Indian Appropriation Act of 1889.
		The Five Civilized Tribes originally agreed by treaty to relinquish their tribal lands in the eastern United States in exchange for reserved lands west of the Mississippi River; many Native Americans refused to leave and were removed by force.
		At high noon on April 22, 1889, the opening of the unassigned lands was signaled by gunshot, trumpet, and cannon shot at numerous points of entry into what would soon become Oklahoma Territory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sooners (509 words)

	Indian Nations and tribes
		The land was now divided between the Cherokee, Quapaw, Seneca, Seminole, Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Osage, Kaw, Cheyenne, Arapho, Wichita, Caddo, Comanche, Kiowa, Apache, Iowa, Kickapoo, Potawatomie, Shawnee, Sac, Fox, Peoria, Modoc, Ottowa, Wyondette, Tonkawa, Ponca, Oto, and Missouri tribes.
		On April 22, 1889, the Unassigned Lands, a 2,000,000 acre tract of land in the center of Indian Territory, were opened by Run.
		This was the Iowa, Potawatomie-Shawnee, Tonkawa, and Sac-Fox lands.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/ok/state/nations/nations.html (1025 words)

	Visitor Information
		This land formed parts of the homelands of the Kiowa, the Kiowa-Apache, the Wichita, the Osage, the Caddo, and the Comanche.
		From these land areas, the government retained a large block that became known as the Unassigned Lands to be held for other Indian tribes.
		Several years prior to the land run of April 22, 1889, the United States Land Office contracted with private land surveyors to survey the land area comprising the Unassigned Lands into township/range square miles.
	www.normanok.org /visitor (682 words)

	Kingfisher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the early spring of 1889, the General Land Office at Washington set aside an acre of land near King Fisher’s Creek and put up a frame building to serve as a filing office for homesteader’s claims.
		During the opening of the Unassigned Lands on April 22, 1889, the Kingfisher Land Office, together with the one at Guthrie, supplied the only homestead entry facilities for the one-hundred thousand settlers who rushed upon the lands that day.
		During the opening of the Unassigned Lands, two separate groups had selected the King Fisher Stage Station area as the place where they planned on homesteading – one group was the "West-liners" and the other the "North-liners".
	www.pldi.net /~harpers/kingfish.htm (1696 words)

	New Brunswick Parishes
		Was set up in Northumberland County in 1814 from unassigned lands, and included almost all of the present County of Restigouche until 1826, when Addington and Durham Parishes were erected.
		1826, erected from unassigned land in the rear of Liverpool and Carleton Parishes, enlarged in 1845.
		Set off in 1821 from unassigned lands, and was later subdivided into lands that became part of Victoria and Madawaska counties.
	homepages.rootsweb.com /~nbpast/localhistory/parishes.html (3978 words)

	Issue Papers - Indian Land Tax Credit Issues
		The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 clarifies the definition of the term "Indian reservation" in Oklahoma as "lands which are within the jurisdictional area of an Oklahoma Indian tribe (as determined by the Secretary of the Interior)".
		To further clarify Congressional intent, Congressman Wes Watkins constructed a "bright-line test" in which the eligible lands are determined to be "lands within boundaries of the last treaties with the Oklahoma tribes".
		For purposes of Congressional intent, the House Ways and Means Committee defines an Indian reservations in Oklahoma as "lands within boundaries of the last treaties with the Oklahoma tribes." This definition satisfied Committee Chairman Bill Archer in that it narrowed the scope of the qualifying lands by eliminating the Unassigned Lands.
	www.oksenate.gov /publications/issue_papers/IPIndianTax.html (1386 words)

	Southern Ute Tribe Wildlife Management Division
		Allotted and private lands are private property and permission to fish at these locations must always be obtained from the landowner.
		The stream corridor is bound by a 5-foot distance from the edge of the water on both sides of the stream, provided, however, fishermen may depart from this corridor only to the extent necessary to avoid a barrier located within the corridor.
		For fishing on unassigned tribal lands, tribal member fishermen are not restricted to access points and stream corridors.
	www.southern-ute.nsn.us /wrmweb/fishing_regs.html (1489 words)

	Oklahoma Tax Update - September, 1997 -- Andrews Davis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A colloquy on the floor of the House of Representatives indicates this is to be the former Indian reservations as determined by the last treaty boundaries.
		The Unassigned Lands in central Oklahoma are mentioned specifically as an area to be disqualified.
		The Unassigned Lands, mentioned specifically as being disqualified, include Stillwater and most of Oklahoma City and Norman.
	www.andrewsdavis.com /tax_updates/09_1997.asp (1833 words)

	Oklahoma The Sooner State Capital Oklahoma City
		The Sooner State: "Unassigned Lands" in Oklahoma were offered to settlers through a series of "Land Openings" where newcomers initially competed for the land in horse races.
		The Homestead Act of 1862 provided that a legal settler could claim 160 acres of public land, and those who lived on and improved the claim for five years could receive title.
		Promoting the "Boomer's Paradise," early advocates of settlement in the Unassigned Lands began what is referred to as the "Boomer Movement." The Boomer Movement was initiated before the Unasigned Lands were legally opened for settlement.
	www.netstate.com /states/intro/ok_intro.htm (822 words)

	OklahomaCity.com About Page, business services and general information for citizens and visitors. Oklahoma City, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Oklahomans are filled with pride for their land of diverse cultures, hundreds of scenic lakes and rivers, and genuine warmth and friendliness.
		Zinc and lead were soon discovered on this land, and by the 1920s tribal members were gaining as much as $1.2 million a year in royalties from the mines.
		The lands which the Osage and Quapaw had ceded to the United States government were turned over to the Indians of the old Southeast, who were being relocated from their tribal homes.
	www.oklahomacity.com /about.php (4943 words)

	SWR USA - The Sound of ... - Staubstürme in Oklahoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The lands were surveyed and stones marked each quarter section.
		There were also a number of "Sooners", who crossed the line before noon and, after hiding in the underbrush, sprang out at noon to stake a claim.
		By nightfall on Monday, April 22, the Unassigned Lands were settled.
	www.wissen.swr.de /sf/begleit/bg0008/us02le.htm (253 words)

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