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Topic: Unceded territory

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	Unceded territory Biography on DanceAge
		Unceded territory refers to land in North America that was never ceded to a government entity by the Native peoples (the First peoples of Canada and Native American tribes or nations) who held the original title to the land, and that has never been set apart, legislated, founded, created or established as a reserve.
		Some of these land claims were recognized by treaty with the United States federal government although control was not actually handed over to the Native American peoples.
		Map showing some unceded Indian territories (with reservations shown at their sizes as of the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie)
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Unceded_territory (217 words)

	Crown Treason - Not to Resist is to Collaborate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The existing constitutional law enacts that unceded territory is reserved for the native nations.
		It remains reserved indefinitely: "for the present and until our further Pleasure be known." That is, unceded territory is constitutionally reserved for the natives' exclusive use and enjoyment until either a treaty is made with them, or alternatively until the Queen's "Pleasure" is duly revoked by a Constitutional amendment.
		Therefore, to act contrary to the constitutionally expressed pleasure of the Queen to respect and to protect the natives' liberty in and over unceded territory constitutes not only a forbidden act, but a crime the remedy for which is the punishment of the offender at the instance of the state.
	sisis.nativeweb.org /lilwat/crown.html (455 words)

	NATIVE_NEWS: Chief Ominayak's letter
		But despite our well-known opposition to clear-cut logging in our unceded traditional territory, and despite the hard-won promise from Daishowa not to proceed with clear-cut logging in that territory, we understand that Alberta is once again making a significant portion of our traditional territory available for logging.
		We understand further that there are plans to sell these timber rights in unceded Lubicon territory to other First Nations in the surrounding area as part of a transparent provincial government strategy to put other First Nations in the front lines of provincial government efforts to undermine and subvert Lubicon rights.
		That underhanded approach to dealing with Lubicon rights prolongs continuing uncertainty to the detriment of not only the Lubicon people but to the detriment of all people with interests in the area who need a settlement of Lubicon rights to be able to proceed with their lives in an orderly, predictable way.
	www.mail-archive.com /nativenews@mlists.net/msg04093.html (688 words)

	Save Our Earth - We can make a difference! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		As Indigenous people, we have inherent rights to our traditional territories, including the whole circle of life, from the trees, to the water, the fish and the animals.
		While private corporations are given privileges to log vast areas of forest, and to commercially harvest salmon on a massive scale, they continue to ignore any rights the Cheam people have to the land and resources that have been part of our lives and our ancestors' long before the arrival of European settlers.
		The old-growth temperate rainforest of the Elk Creek and adjacent watersheds is a remnant of an ecosystem that was, until fairly recently, wide-spread throughout Pilalt Territory.
	www.saveourearth.co.uk /soe_enews.php?number=377 (1862 words)

	NativeNet: Lubicon bulletin of 19 April 1996
		Daishowa's strategy is clearly to use the Canadian courts to stifle public debate over the demand that Daishowa agree to stay out of the unceded Lubicon territory until there's a settlement of Lubicon land rights and an agreement negotiated with the Lubicons respecting Lubicon wildlife and environmental concerns.
		Judge Kitely understood what's at issue and what's at stake in Daishowa's legal action and sought to prevent what one U.S. judge characterized as "suits without substantial merit that are brought by private interests to stop citizens from exercising their political rights or to punish them for having done so".
		Timber licenses covering virtually all 10,000 square kilometers of Lubicon territory are held by Daishowa Marubeni International Ltd., a subsidiary of the Japanese-owned Daishowa conglomerate.
	www.nativenet.uthscsa.edu /archive/miscdoc/lubicon960419.html (5212 words)

	Wolf Point, MT - Fort Peck Indian Reservation
		Out of this "General Council" territories were assigned and the Assiniboines claimed lands south of the Missouri River.
		In 1855, the Blackfoot Indians were assigned a territory north of the Missouri River which extended east from the Rocky Mountains to an area that would become the western boundaries of the Fort Peck Reservation.
		Later the Sioux Indians began a migration into Montana Territory as political exiles from the Minnesota wars of 1862 and other bands moved into the area which was prime buffalo country.
	www.wolfpoint.com /indian.htm (364 words)

	wii'nimkiikaa issue one ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It was expected that the colonial system would not tolerate this situation for long; especially considering that the camp was located at the edge of Sunpeaks' $70 million dollar resort, and at the beginning of its $285 million expansion.
		Sun peaks has a very different observation and belief that this is their land and so that whole legal issue needs to be adjudicated on, and more than likely we'll get "no" out of canada --that this is not Secwepemc Territory-- but at least but at least this legal challenge needs to go forward.
		The dishonourable action that Sunpeaks and the Province embarked on was to tuck a technicality into the whole Sunpeaks submission --knowing full well that all they wanted was an injunction and an enforcement order granted to the RCMP to, in a worst case scenario to use deadly force to remove us off the land.
	itwillbethundering.resist.ca /issue_two/gustafsenlake2skwelkwekwelt.shtml (2694 words)

	Political divisions of the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the federal context, the term 'commonwealth' means an intermediate status between 'territory' and 'state' - both in the sense of "independent state" and "U.S. state," but such does not apply to the four states that are commonwealths by their own state constitutions.
		A territory - whether "organized" and "unorganized" has significantly fewer rights in the grand scheme of things than a commonwealth (let alone a state), but it ranks at least a notch above "possessions" such as Wake Island, which has no permanent population and, does not require even a simple territorial government.
		The United States also holds several other territories, districts, and possessions, notably the federal district of the District of Columbia, which contains the nation's capital city of Washington, and several overseas insular areas, the most significant of which are American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Political_divisions_of_the_United_States (2687 words)

	Daishowa Operations in Lubicon Territory
		He said that a decision to abort logging plans in the unceded Lubicon territory would have to be "politically approved by Forestry Minister LeRoy Fjordbotten and Premier Don Getty".
		On November 19th Lyman Brewster publicly denied Lubicon charges that his employees had tried to sneak into the unceded Lubicon territory after his earlier public assurances that Brewster Construction would not be logging in the unceded Lubicon territory this year.
		And convince Canadian politicians that people are not being deceived by the endless barrage of offensive, transparent propaganda and will simply accept no less than the kind of remedial action which everybody knows will be required for Canadians to once again feel proud about themselves and their country.
	www.nisto.com /cree/Lubicon/1991/19910711.html (6536 words)

	[No title]
		Federal Government officials refused to even consider negotiations regarding our unceded aboriginal land rights, taking the position that we were "merely squatters on Provincial Crown land with no land rights to negotiate, not even the rights to our own homes".
		Following the Paulette decision the Province went back to court and asked for another postponement of the hearing of the case, during which time they re-wrote the relevant legislation, making the effect of their re-written legislation retroactive to before the time we tried to file our caveat.
		The so-called "background paper" said, for example, that "After the signing of Treaty 8 (in 1899), some Indian Bands chose to remain nomadic and delay their acceptance of reserve land to later dates, as in the case of the indigenous population in and around Lubicon Lake".
	nativenet.uthscsa.edu /archive/nl/history (17905 words)

	Native Americans - Battle of Little Big Horn 7th Cavalry Regiment led by General George Armstrong Custer
		Dissatisfied with conditions on the reservation, some Sioux who had signed the treaty left the reservation and joined their non-treaty brethren in the unceded territory.
		In the fall of 1875, the government, seemingly blind to the difference between treaty and non-treaty Indians, issued an ultimatum to all Sioux: Voluntarily proceed to the Great Sioux Reservation by January of 1876 or be considered "hostiles" subject to forced removal.
		In the spring of 1876 they had gathered in the unceded territory of what is now southeastern Montana.
	www.nativeamericans.com /LittleBigHorn.htm (487 words)

	(DV) Petersen: Canada's Oil Invasion
		University of Colorado Ethnic Studies professor Ward Churchill wrote, “The Canadian state itself exists on the basis of the expropriation of native land and resources, the subordination of native polities.” (2) The tiny Lubicon nation finds itself a minority population pitted against different levels of government, multinational corporations, and a settler court system.
		It was reported, “From 1979 to 1983, the moose killed for food drops 90% from 219 to 19, trapping income drops 90% from $5000 in 1979 to $400 per family.
		They set up nonviolent blockades of access roads to their territory and halted all oil activity for six days, before the RCMP forcibly removed the barricades and arrested 27 people.
	www.dissidentvoice.org /Apr05/Petersen0425.htm (3279 words)

	Cheam People Shut Down Railway and Halt Logging \| The Dominion
		The blockade is the latest action in the Cheam's struggle for unceded territory that began with a protest fishery three years ago and continues today.
		This time, however, the blockade is about a new threat to the Cheam's land and way of life: the clearcutting of an old growth forest to make way for a ski development on their sacred mountains.
		Underlying the actions of the Cheam people is a deep conviction in their inherent right to traditional territories, stemming from use and possession of the land since time immemorial.
	dominionpaper.ca /environment/2003/10/20/cheam_peop.html (923 words)

	Three moons later: elders in Northern BC defend community against band office's collaboration with mining industry ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The elders are concerned about extensive resource development plans for their territory, which their Chief, the BC government, and corporations have developed without significantly involving the Tahltan elders or community.
		The Tahltan territory was included in the colony of British Columbia and brought into the Dominion of Canada without Tahltan consent.
		The elders are demanding a change in leadership and a return to traditional values that respect the voice of the community and elders, and no new mines will be allowed until these issues are addressed.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0JQV/is_3_34/ai_n16088224 (891 words)

	Westbank Background
		In this case, the Westbank people were offered a derisory amount of timber (the equivalent of 10 hectares) while a larger parcel on their traditional territory was reserved for a bidding process that favours the large operators.
		There was no consultation before the signing of the salmon treaty with the U.S., no consultation on the expropriation of the Nanoose testing range, and no consultation on the proposal to transfer crown land to a private holding of MacMillan Bloedel.
		Yet these areas are on traditional, unceded territory, areas that are theoretically on the table during negotiations and that have resources of crucial importance to the survival and economic well-being of First Nations.
	members.tripod.com /~arcbc/westbank-background.htm (492 words)

	(DV) Petersen: Resisting Capitalist-Imperialist Assimilation
		Professor Rudolph C. Rÿser of the Cowlitz Indian Tribe, a specialist in Fourth World matters, noted in the1980s that 64 percent of Canada is unceded territory.
		Indigenous property law does not include the notion of “ceding territory.” 100% of Turtle Island is unceded territory, from the Southern Cone to Baffin Island and beyond.
		Thirdly, during a torture session it is quite normal for individuals to agree to all sorts of things being suggested by their torturers.
	www.dissidentvoice.org /Dec05/Petersen1217.htm (3320 words)

	Chapter I - A Tale of Two Countries
		In effect, he was attempting to encircle British territorial interests and place the United States in the strategic position to swallow the entirety of the continent.
		In 1853 and 1854 Isaac I. Stevens, the incipient governor of Washington Territory, led a congressionally mandated exploration party which reported directly to Secretary of War Jefferson Davis, (who was soon to be the first and only president of the Confederate States of America), mapping a route for the proposed Northern Pacific Railroad.
		It was the Oregon Territory that became the foremost centre of dispute between the United States and Great Britain, through their mercantile surrogates the AFC and HBC, for the next twenty years.
	www.dickshovel.com /two.html (6910 words)

	United States vs. Sioux Nation of Indians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In the winter of 1875-1876, many of the Sioux were hunting in the unceded territory north of the North Platte River, reserved to them for that purpose in the Fort Laramie Treaty.
		The Indians also relinquished their rights to hunt in the unceded lands recognized by the Fort Laramie Treaty, and agreed that three wagon roads could be cut through their reservation.
		It found that under the circumstances presented in 1877, Congress attempted to improve the situation of the Sioux and the Nation by exchanging the Black Hills for 900,000 acres of grazing lands and rations for as long as they should be needed.
	www.dlncoalition.org /dln_nation/us_vs_sioux.htm (17091 words)

	BOOKS OF THE TIMES; The Sad Story of the Sioux's Betrayal - New York Times
		That unceded land was in addition to the half of South Dakota west of the Missouri River, which the treaty designated the Sioux Reservation.
		The United States, reneging on the agreement, drove the Indians off the unceded land and forced them to give up their right to exclusive use of the reservation as well.
		The book's well-drawn maps show the main army campaigns against the Sioux, most of which took place along the rivers of the unceded territory.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE7DB173CF93BA25753C1A963958260 (634 words)

	Unocal boycott first step in saving Lubicon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The resource companies don't see the Lubicon as people with rights to their traditional unceded territory.
		They see us as an obstacle to be overcome in their relentless drive to exploit the valuable resources that our traditional territory holds.
		We believe we not only have rights but that the Creator charged us with a special responsibility to protect and preserve our traditional territory, that only by preserving and protecting our traditional territory will it be able to support future generations of our people.
	www.wildernesscommittee.org /campaigns/boreal/alberta/reports/Vol14No12/unocal (956 words)

	Sitting Bull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This treaty came to be known as the Treaty of Laramie.
		It also declared that the Powder River country immediately west of the reservation as unceded Indian territory where no whites would be allowed to settle.
		No agreement could be reached so the government just decided to take the unceded lands, and that Sitting Bull and his people would have to go to the reservation.
	members.aol.com /Gibson0817/sittingbull.htm (1650 words)

	Tahltan Elders Reject Nova Gold-Tahltan Participation Agreement and Protest Voting — Dogwood Initiative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Elders are not against mining but would like to have fair consultation and that the leaders should take their time and be cautious when making land decisions on behalf of the Tahltan people.
		Tahltan land remains Unceded territory, which has never been surrendered or taken in war or conquest.
		Prior to any future development in Tahltan Territory, legal agreements must be negotiated with Tahltan Elders that ensure Tahltan People equitable share in revenues generated and are involved in all aspects of decision-making.
	staging3.onenw.org /DogwoodInitiative/newsstories/tahltan_elders_reject_nova_gold (933 words)

	Sutikalh - Statement on the Olympics
		The Resort Municipality of Whistler is itself located on the territory of the Lil'wat, a community of the St'at'imc nation.
		The 2010 Winter Olympics represents a unique challenge to Indigenous territory and environment because of its already apparent and potential effects on the region.
		We demand that the International Olympic Committee not award 2010 to Vancouver on July 3/03, due to the ongoing and illegal occupation of Indigenous territories, in violation of both Canadian and international law.
	sutikalh.resist.ca /olympics.htm (758 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Rather it has only used the pretense of serious negotiations to set the stage for a deceitful propaganda campaign designed to publicly discredit the Lubicon people, and for an on-the-ground political campaign designed to tear Lubicon society apart.
		These illegitimate oil development activities have been proceeding without the consent of the Lubicon people, and have caused great and irreparable damage to the traditional Lubicon economy and way of life.
		Approval of such retroactive operating permits and leases will be subject to compliance with Lubicon environmental protection and wildlife management laws, as determined by an appropriate Lubicon regulation agency established for that purpose, and may be cancelled for violation of said laws.
	www.bcgreen.com /~samuel/lubicon/1989/MULRONEY.DOS.txt (444 words)

	LOLA_HOMSHER'S_HISTORIES WYOMING BUILDS ITS GOVERNMEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		These counties extended from the northern to the southern boundaries of the Territory.
		Upon the organization of Wyoming Territory a portion of Utah and Idaho, extending from Montana to the Wyoming-Utah boundary, was annexed and named Uinta county.
		While the northern half of Wyoming Territory remained unceded Indian Lands, that area was effectively cut off from settlement, but Governor John M. Thayer in 1875 anticipated that the area would, before too long, be turned over to the territory for settlement.
	wyoarchives.state.wy.us /HOMSHER/lolacoun.htm (329 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Lubicon nation fights oil companies and governments for survival
		When the abundance of resources -- in particular, heavy oil -- became apparent on Lubicon traditional territory, the Alberta provincial government began to sell the resource rights to multinational corporations.
		The exploitation of the unceded territory of the Lubicon Lake First Nation continues unabated.
		The federal government's own Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP) concluded the solution to First Nations' territorial woes was simple: they required a greater share of the lands and resources to survive.
	www.gasandoil.com /GOC/news/ntn52115.htm (821 words)

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