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Topic: Uncertainty avoidance

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	Uncertainty avoidance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Uncertainty avoidance is a cultural index developed by Dutch sociologist Geert Hofstede.
		Protestant and Chinese culture countries rank relatively low; Catholic, Buddhist, and Arabic countries tend to score high in uncertainty avoidance.
		Ironically, high uncertainty avoidance cultures tend to have a less efficient infrastructure than low uncertainty avoidance cultures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Uncertainty_avoidance (216 words)

	Summer Research Proposal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Uncertainty avoidance can be defined as the extent to which members of cultures feel threatened by uncertain or unknown situations.
		Uncertainty avoidance is different from risk avoidance in that uncertainty does not involve a known and foreseeable outcome.
		Members of high uncertainty avoidance cultures will therefore be uncomfortable, for example, with the uncertainty related to the actions of others and prefer to react to it by adopting a lower trust level and being more skeptical.
	marketing.byu.edu /htmlpages/ccrs/proceedings99/aksoybloom.htm (5623 words)

	national
		Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of such situations by strict laws and rules, safety and security measures, and on the philosophical and religious level by a belief in absolute Truth; 'there can only be one Truth and we have it'.
		Uncertainty avoidance scores are higher in Latin countries, in Japan, and in German speaking countries, lower in Anglo, Nordic, and Chinese culture countries.
		Uncertainty avoidance is associated with Roman Catholicism and with the legal obligation in developed countries for citizens to carry identity cards.
	feweb.uvt.nl /center/hofstede/page3.htm (1248 words)

	Corruption Across Borders - Graziadio Business Report
		Uncertainty avoidance: The extent to which members of an organization or society strive to avoid uncertainty by relying on established social norms, rituals and bureaucratic practices.
		While it is surprising that only Uncertainty Avoidance emerged in the analysis, it is notable that the relationship is significant for all three subscales—what is valued, what is practiced and the difference between the two.
		That is, if indeed, low uncertainty avoidance is a precursor of the possibility of corrupt practices, perhaps the initial act of any manager should be to carry out an investigation of the extent to which policies and procedures within the firm are sufficient to deal with the possibility of unethical corporate behavior.
	gbr.pepperdine.edu /052/corruption.html (2725 words)

	UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Uncertainty is "the extent to which the members of a culture fell threatened by uncertain or unknown situations.
		In cultures with high uncertainty avoidance emotions are displayed in the way that everything different is dangerous.
		In contrast cultures with very strong uncertainty avoidance display their emotions in the way that everything that is different, is dangerous.
	www.via-web.de /283.0.html (591 words)

	Management Control Systems in a Global Economy
		Uncertainty avoidance focuses on the level of tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity within the society.
		Individuals in a weak uncertainty avoidance culture are less uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity.
		In rule-driven companies in strong uncertainty avoidance countries, the role of a manager might not be to make decisions, but rather to see that the rules or procedures are followed.
	www.nysscpa.org /cpajournal/2005/905/essentials/p62.htm (1917 words)

	Peace Corps \| World Wise Schools \| Teaching About Culture \| Culture Matters Workbook \| Chapter 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The second of the three dimensions of culture that particularly affects the workplace is how people respond to the inherent uncertainty of life.
		This uncertainty creates anxiety in all cultures, with characteristic responses-- technology to control uncertainty in the natural world; laws, regulations, and procedures to control the uncertainty in human behavior; and religion to address the question of transcendental uncertainty.
		HIGH UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE: Cultures characterized by high uncertainty avoidance feel especially anxious about the uncertainty in life and try to limit and control it as much as possible.
	www.peacecorps.gov /wws/culturematters/Ch4/uncertainty.html (329 words)

	France - French Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Explained
		Based on our studies and data, the large majority of predominantly Catholic countries (those with Uncertainty Avoidance as their highest ranking Dimension) have a low tolerance for ambiguity.
		A High Uncertainty Avoidance ranking indicates the country has a low tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity.
		A Low Uncertainty Avoidance ranking indicates the country has less concern about ambiguity and uncertainty and has more tolerance for a variety of opinions.
	www.geert-hofstede.com /hofstede_france.shtml (804 words)

	Document View
		Uncertainty avoidance is the focus of information systems and decision support systems (Jordan, 1994).
		Germanic and Anglo-American cultures are strongly differentiated in terms of uncertainty avoidance; the power distance dimension is quite similar.
		With low uncertainty avoidance (Anglo-American cultures), "...the organization has to be kept together by more ad hoc negotiation, a situation that calls for a larger tolerance for uncertainty from everyone" (Hofstede, 1980, p.
	www.umsl.edu /~lacity/culture1.htm (5438 words)

	Web Site Adaptation: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of U.S. and Mexican Web Sites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Similarly, the uncertainty avoidance dimension is operationalized as the depiction of customer service, guided navigation, tradition theme, local terminology, free trials and downloads, customer testimonials, and toll-free numbers.
		Since high uncertainty avoidance cultures are rooted in traditions and value ritual behavior (Hofstede, 1980), local metaphors, puns and idioms are widely used.
		Uncertainty avoidance relates to the extent to which the people of a country can tolerate ambiguous or uncertain situations.
	jcmc.indiana.edu /vol9/issue4/singh_baack.html (7217 words)

	V-A
		Consequently, we expect a differential impact of the level of prosperity in weak and in strong uncertainty avoidance countries: in countries characterized by strong uncertainty avoidance the negative relationship between the level of prosperity and the self-employment rate will be stronger than in countries characterized by weak uncertainty avoidance.
		In strong uncertainty avoidance countries a positive effect was found, possibly indicating reversed causality (as discussed in the previous section) to be more likely in these countries.
		We are aware that risk and uncertainty are not synonymous, but for practical reasons we use uncertainty avoidance as a proxy for risk aversion.
	www.babson.edu /entrep/fer/Babson2001/V/VA/VA/v-a.htm (4488 words)

	Jessica L
		A society that emphasizes collectivism is characterized by tight social framework in which people expect unquestioned loyalty and others in their group to look after them. In a conflict situation, members of the collectivist culture are likely to use avoidance, intermediaries, or other face-saving techniques.
		Furthermore, uncertainty avoidance is the extent to which a society accepts uncertainty and ambiguity.
		[7] Countries with high uncertainty avoidance rankings indicate a low tolerance for ambiguity and prefer to avoid uncertainty by creating formal rules, regulations, and controls. Low ranked uncertainty avoidance countries have a high tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity and more readily accept change, take risks, and try new things.
	komar.cs.stthomas.edu /qm425/03s/Knox1.htm (334 words)

	Albion's Seedlings: Cultural Dimensions
		Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) focuses on the level of tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity within the society - i.e.
		Spain, Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and other nations of the Hispanosphere tend to have very high uncertainty avoidance, moderately high power distance, relatively low individualism, and middling masculinity (Portugal and Brazil -- the Lusosphere -- are similar).
		Also of interest was China's extremely low Uncertainty Avoidance Index indicating a country that "takes more and greater risks." The Anglosphere countries tend to score very low on this scale also.
	anglosphere.com /weblog/archives/000160.html (3133 words)

	Reality Panic: Avoiding Uncertainty: Run Away!
		In particular, the concept of "uncertainty avoidance", which is one of Hofstede's cultural dimensions.
		Uncertainty avoidance can be defined as the degree to which people feel threatened by, and attempt to avoid ambiguous situations; and cultures that desire to avoid uncertainty are resistant to change, and engage in stabilization practices such as rigid rules and rituals.
		The Greeks have the highest level of uncertainty avoidance among all the profiled countries.
	www.igda.org /blogs/realitypanic/archives/000047.html (559 words)

	Anxiety-Uncertainty Management Theory
		Uncertainty can be too high and too low, but can be reduced by obtaining information about the other person.
		At this time decisions are made whether you wish to obtain information and reduce the uncertainty or leave things as they are.
		Both uncertainty and anxiety are independent elements of interpersonal/intercultural communication.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Speech/rccs/theory26.htm (641 words)

	uncertainty avoidance
		Hofstede defines uncertainty avoidance as "the extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by uncertain or unknown situations." (Hofstede, 1991, p.
		Countries high in uncertainty avoidance include Greece, Portugal and France.
		Countries that are low in uncertainty avoidance are, for example, the US, Britain and Denmark.
	intermundo.net /glossary_term.pl?mid=25 (104 words)

	Leadership Crossroads Newsletter - March 2005 - Avoiding Uncertainty, Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		One of his important contributions with practical business relevance is that he defined a cultural characteristic he called Uncertainty Avoidance (UA), described as “the extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by uncertain or unknown situations”.
		These examples reflect a strong cultural characteristic: for the Japanese to be effective, they first strive to eliminate all uncertainties.
		Note that uncertainty avoidance does not equal risk avoidance.
	leadershipcrossroads.com /news_0305.htm (1031 words)

	Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 3, Chapter 7
		This paper is intended as a learning tool for students wishing not only to expand their knowledge to new psychological phenomena, but also to understand cultural interaction in terms of these findings and in a broader historical perspective.
		The text is divided into three distinct parts: (i) A detailed account of a foreigner's encounter with Poland, where standards typical for this culture are introduced; (ii) Empirical comparative studies with Humanism as central value dimension and comparative analyses of Uncertainty Avoidance; (iii) Historical analysis tracing the origins of Humanism and Uncertainty Non-Avoidance in Poland.
		It is hard to say which of the two aspects of Polish culture has top priority: Low uncertainty avoidance - improvised organization, or the Humanism of close personal relations.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~culture/Boski.htm (7356 words)

	Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 4, Chapter 4
		Lastly, the amount of influence elicited by cultural dimensions of uncertainty avoidance (UAI) and individualism (IDV) were analyzed.
		The dimension of uncertainty avoidance (UAI) predicts that individuals raised in cultures that are high in this type of avoidance will not feel as comfortable in new or uncertain situations and therefore tend to avoid any type of situation that has potential to elicit fear.
		We have already seen how cultural variables (individualism vs. collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, etc.), genetic factors and methodological issues (set size of emotions presented, number of participants, and testing situation) can be important factors in influencing data.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~culture/altarriba2.htm (6623 words)

	Uncertainty Avoidance and the Preference for Innovation Championing Roles
		Uncertainty Avoidance and the Preference for Innovation Championing Roles
		The study shows that the cultural value of uncertainty acceptance is significantly associated with preferences for these four championing roles.
		It suggests that uncertainty-accepting societies may be more innovative than uncertainty-avoiding societies because of the greater legitimacy of those roles.
	www.palgrave-journals.com /jibs/journal/v26/n1/abs/8490165a.html (129 words)

	Uncertainty Avoidance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Societies and people differ on their willingness to take on risk.
		Low uncertainty avoidance (U.S., Hong Kong), value diversity, and tolerate differences.
		High uncertainty avoidance (Japan and France) are more rigid and do not tolerate people acting differently.
	www.csupomona.edu /~wcweber/301/301slide/ch04301/sld022.htm (46 words)

	07.22.2003 - Researchers help define what makes a political conservative
		Ten meta-analytic calculations performed on the material - which included various types of literature and approaches from different countries and groups - yielded consistent, common threads, Glaser said.
		The avoidance of uncertainty, for example, as well as the striving for certainty, are particularly tied to one key dimension of conservative thought - the resistance to change or hanging onto the status quo, they said.
		The terror management feature of conservatism can be seen in post-Sept. 11 America, where many people appear to shun and even punish outsiders and those who threaten the status of cherished world views, they wrote.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2003/07/22_politics.shtml (994 words)

	[No title]
		Ú·dó¨Hofstede Dimensions¡¨wPower Distance Individualism-Collectivism Masculinity-Femininity Uncertainty Avoidance Long-term-Short-term Orientation¡ x²§x$ª5Bó ¨!Large versus Small Power Distance¨"Large Power Distance Employees believe their supervisors are right even when they are wrong.
		Femininity The degree to which dominant values in a society emphasize people relationships, concern for others, and the overall quality of life.¡` Ú·dÚ·d ó¨Masculinity-Femininity ¡"ó#¨(Strong versus Weak Uncertainty Avoidance¨ôStrong Uncertainty Avoidance Employees tend to stay with their organizations for a long time.
		Weak Uncertainty Avoidance Employees tend to change jobs more frequently.
	www.maricopa.edu /diversityinfusion/IBS201-Session2.ppt (442 words)

	Hofstede
		Tend to be low in modernization (or just at the start)
		High Anxiety Avoidance culture are more resistant to change, often characterized by more elaborate rituals / religious practices
		Low Anxiety Avoidance cultures tend to accept competition and conflict, tolerate dissent and deviance.
	www2.andrews.edu /~tidwell/bsad560/Hofstede.html (377 words)

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