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	Underground comix - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Underground comics (or comix) are self-published or small press comic books that sprang up in the US in the late 1960s.
		The term "underground comics" was created by writer-editor Bhob Stewart during a panel discussion at the July 23, 1966, New York comics convention.
		Although many of the underground artists continued to produce work, the underground comix movement is considered by most historians to have ended by 1976, to be replaced by a rise in independent, non-Comics Code compliant publishing companies in the 1980s and the resulting increase in acceptance of adult-oriented comic books (see alternative comics).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Underground_comics (495 words)

	Profiles 45 - Underground Comics (Jun 2001)
		The undergrounds furthermore enjoyed an influx of expatriates of the played-out art-poster scene, which had become somewhat passe, commercial, and stagnant by the standards of the day (most likely, posters had simply lost their countercultural credibility by becoming popular to a wider consumer base).
		Inasmuch as the underground comic provided a place to say things one normally couldn't say in comics, we need not display too much surprise that the political content of such works tended towards the gauche, the galling, the extreme, or the deliberately hateful.
		Undergrounds played in a domain of overstimulation rather than understatement, one in which an artificially effete reader would suffer considerable exposure to precisely those disturbing elements his kind often bands together to censor.
	www.fortunecity.com /tatooine/niven/142/profiles/pro45.html (3487 words)

	Comics - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Comics (sometimes spelled comix) is an art form that features a series of static images in fixed sequence, usually to tell a story.
		In Understanding Comics Scott McCloud defined comics as "juxtaposed pictorial and other images in deliberate sequence, intended to convey information and/or to produce an aesthetic response in the viewer"; this definition excludes single-panel illustrations such as The Far Side, The Family Circus, and political cartoons from the category, instead classifying those as cartoons.
		In the 1960s and 1970s, underground cartoonists used the spelling comix to distinguish their work from mainstream newspaper strips and juvenile comic books; ironically, although their work was written for an adult audience, it was usually comedic in nature as well, so the "comic" label still fit.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Comics (892 words)

	The Chronicle: 5/16/2003: The New Scholarship of Comics
		Comic strips had been a major selling point of most daily newspapers practically since the turn of the 20th century and the appearance of the Yellow Kid in a strip at the end of the 19th century.
		The underground's surviving veterans, for their part, turned out to be a distinctly different type from their 1930s and '40s predecessors, who had been just self-conscious enough of their trade to be embarrassed about it.
		Comic studies could, conceivably, have a bright future in the ambiguous and much-condemned dumbing down of education, where pictures (and music) mean as much as the spoken text of the lecture.
	www.chronicle.com /free/v49/i36/36b00701.htm (3115 words)

	Underground comics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Typically aspects of a particular comic were created a single person as opposed to mainstream that were typically produced by a team people including a writer a penciler an a letterer and an editor.
		Underground artists typically adapted by producing works that were collected into anthology comic along with other artist's works.
		Although many of the underground artists to produce work (see " alternative comics ") the underground comix movement is considered most historians to have ended by 1976.
	www.freeglossary.com /Underground_comics (653 words)

	Definition of Underground comics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Typically, all aspects of a particular comic were created by a single person, as opposed to mainstream comics that were typically produced by a team of people, including a writer, a penciler, an inker, a letterer, and an editor.
		Underground artists typically adapted by producing shorter works that were collected into anthology comic books along with other artist's works.
		Underground comix reflect the concerns of the 1960s counterculture: experimentation in all things, drug-altered states of mind, rejection of sexual taboos, ridicule of "the establishment."
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Underground_comics (468 words)

	Robert Crumb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Crumb was a founder of the underground comics movement, and is often regarded as the most prominent figure in that movement.
		Though Crumb is among the most celebrated of comic book artists, his entire career has unfolded outside the mainstream comic book publishing industry.
		Crumb created and edited the Weirdo alternative comics anthology in the early 1980s, and he remains a prominent figure, as both artist and influence, within the alternative comics milieu.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/R._Crumb (978 words)

	Underground Comix Collection
		The underground comix grew out of the political and cultural foment of the 1960s and '70s and reflected in graphic terms the issues of those times.
		Most of the comic book companies were under-financed and counted on the profits of the previous comix to finance the next.
		The legacy of the underground comix is mixed.
	www.lib.calpoly.edu /spec_coll/comix (929 words)

	Comics, underground comix, and comic strips
		Since comics appear in so many forms, it is hard to find a definition that fits all of them.
		Another important effort is the preservation of the history of Dutch comics, which can be seen in Lambiek's History of Dutch Comics, where many beeldverhaal and krantestrip have been rescued from the fate of oblivion.
		Comics, like films, have a primary goal to entertain, whether they are newspaper strips or horror comics.
	lambiek.net /comics (203 words)

	MISCMEDIA.COM: The Seattle Comics Scene
		Seattle has been, and continues to be, a mecca for a generation of cartoonists who are more concerned with the exploration of their craft than the demands of the marketplace.
		Barry was known at the time as a typical comics loner, who preferred the company of her pen and paper to the companionship of other artists.
		This furthered the local comics scene's evolution from a bunch of individuals isolated at their own drawing boards, toward a mutually-supportive group.
	www.miscmedia.com /ComicsScene.html (1403 words)

	Komix.it Fumetti @ 360° - A Short History of American Comics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The comic strip form caught the attention of the public, and as a result, the comic strip became very popular in the early part of the century.
		Comic books of the early 1940s had a distinctly patriotic flavor, while those of the early 1950s had a conservative tone.
		As a concept, the comic shop thrived, partly because the forum allowed publishers direct contact with their readers, and as a result, many publishers experimented with different kinds of books, directed at different segments of the comic book store patronage.
	www.komix.it /modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=1924 (454 words)

	Underground Comics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Underground comix reflect the concerns of the 1960s counterculture: experimentation in all things, drug-altered states of mind, ridicule of "the establishment."
		The underground comix were largely distributed though a network of "head shops" which also sold underground newspapers, psychedelic posters, and drug paraphanalia.
		Although many of the underground artists continued to produce work (see "alternative comics"), the underground comix movement is considered by most historians to have ended by 1976.
	www.wikiverse.org /underground-comics (422 words)

	Underground comix overview by Lambiek
		Harvey Kurtzman had liberated comedy in comics and inspired a new generation of cartoonists to push the boundaries of satire even further.
		In the 1950s, there had been a crusade against comics (especially those published by E.C. Comics), which had inspired the passing of the Comics Code, a set of rules to which comics creators had to adhere.
		As children, the future underground artists were the very people who had been worst hit - they watched their parents tear up their comics collections, or throw them on the playground fires.
	www.lambiek.net /comics/underground.htm (1011 words)

	Comic Art & Graffix Gallery Virtual Museum & Encyclopedia© - Artist Biographies
		Their notoriety rested on the two issues of the Air Pirates underground comic that caused the entire group (with the exception of Flenniken) to be sued by Walt Disney Productions for copyright infringement.
		He recalls that period in his life not through a rosy, nostalgic haze as a time of underground camaraderie and commitment to the principles of free speech, but as a time of great personal and professional stress.
		Which was all okay with me, and he wanted to produce one comic book a month...He said none of this namby-pamby underground stuff where you meet deadlines whenever you want.
	www.comic-art.com /intervws/londart.htm (2774 words)

	Ronin Books \| History of Underground Comics
		A History of Underground Comics, Mark Estren traces the roots of underground comics in such legendary comic demigods as Krazy Kat and Little Nemo, and details how comics unabashedly portrayed sex, drugs, and rock n' roll, flouting the conventions of censors who had kept above-ground comics tame.
		Social satire in the underground comics usually takes the form of humorous (sometimes bitter) exaggerations of various aspects of American society, from money hunger to art and music.
		In his "social realism" strips, R. Crumb does not mock American society; rather, he presents it for what it is and trusts the reader eventually to realize that the strips are funny because the society is absurd.
	www.roninpub.com /HisUnd.html (284 words)

	Comics Research Libraries
		It includes extensive runs of the major "superhero" comics of the period, and is particularly noteworthy for the many titles published by the small and independent comic producers who flourished in the 1980s.
		The history of comic art is evident in the many reissues and collector's editions of classic "golden age" comics such as the first issue of Action Comics (June 1938) in which the character of Superman was introduced, and in the compilations of newspaper strips such as Prince Valiant and Terry and the Pirates.
		The Comic Research Library is a private collection of newspaper strips and related items, with over 200,000 daily strips of over 250 titles from the 1920s through the 1950s, sorted and organized by title for easy use.
	www.lib.msu.edu /comics/director/comres.htm (4858 words)

	'Nuff Said! the sound of comics on WBAI-FM: Guestlist Archive #16
		His work was in some of the classic underground comics of the late '60s and in Star-Studded Comics, a stripzine from the early days of comics fandom.
		Trina is probably the first woman to write and draw underground comics and is the author of The Great Women Cartoonists, a book that gives us a history of women in comics going back to the late 19th century.
		She has written for Harvey Comics, inked for DC and Malibu Comics, done production work with Defiant Comics and was a co-publisher, creative director, penciller, inker and colorist for Evolution Comics.
	www.comicbookradioshow.com /nsgl16.html (1200 words)

	Recess
		If you're into comics -- comic books, comic strips, sequential art and pictorial narratives -- the University of Florida has a weekend for you, this February 7th and 8th.
		The emergence of American Underground Comix, as an aesthetic movement and as a radically new space for.
		creatively expanded the visual vocabulary and narrative potential of comics, to a degree not seen since the emergence of the newspaper strips at the start of the twentieth century.
	www.recess.ufl.edu /transcripts/2003/0207.shtml (395 words)

	Underground Comix (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Today, when many of you think of underground comics (or comix as they are often spelled), you probably think of comic books such as Zap, Bijou, The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers, Mr.
		However, comic book was a loose term, since it now contained photos and text beside the illustrated parodies that Mad was famous for.
		In the following pages you'll find examples of the underground movement, from those early years, through the late '60s and early '70s "head" comix and newspapers, to the current crop of mainstream underground.
	www.mogozuzu.com /undergnd.htm (220 words)

	Rebel Visions: The Underground Comix Revolution 1963-1975, Patrick Rosenkranz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The undergrounds were a product of their times, a backhanded slap across the face of the vapid, innocuous, kid-safe mass-market comics of the late 1950s and early '60s.
		As cartoonist Gilbert Shelton attests, "Underground comics were more like art and less like comics." They tackled taboo topics of politics, sex, drugs, history and everyday life in ways that were even more daring than the most exalted and groundbreaking films of their time.
		We are left with the impression that the underground movement was an artistic community, with each player influenced by and influencing the work of others.
	www.rambles.net /rosenkranz_rvisions02.html (689 words)

	Creating Comics: Self-Publishing Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Remember when writing your press release that many of these journalist may not be comic fans but if written correctly you could get tons of promotion in unexpected areas.
		A place to promote your comics on the web is the Comic Book Clearinghouse which allows you to advertise your comic on their web site for free.
		Last Gasp: One of the oldest distributors, mainly of underground comics.
	www.members.shaw.ca /creatingcomics/publishing.html (1016 words)

	Underground Collectibles - Comix and Comics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Underground Collectibles sells underground comix, posters, books, original art & prints, and other counterculture related items from the 60’s and 70’s with a special emphasis on underground comix.
		Bruce has been collecting undergrounds since the late 60s and writing about them for almost as long.
		Oh, and we haven’t heard anything lately on the new underground comix price guide which is suppose to be out this month.
	www.undergroundcollectibles.com (669 words)

	O.K. Comics NO. 1 by Bruce Walthers (1972) - Underground Comix & Comics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		He was among the five cartoonists (with Denis Kitchen, Jim Mitchell, Don Glassford and Wendel Pugh) who regularly created weekly strips in 1970-71 for the alternate paper The Bugle-American, which were subsequently syndicated to other underground newspapers and college papers via the Krupp Syndicate.
		Walthers' decidly offbeat contribution to the syndicate effort was "O.K. Comics," starring Oscar Kabibbler, an eyeless rotund everyman who found himself in often inexplicable and spacey situations.
		Walthers' comics were generally among those whose adherents would say, "You have to be stoned to really appreciate this!" But none of Walthers' Bugle strips are recycled here.
	www.deniskitchen.com /thestore/prods/CB_ok_1.html (189 words)

	Comics on the Verge
		Today, the underground has gone “overground” with the proliferation of new creators working in a wide array of media and appearing everywhere from The New Yorker and The Wall Street Journal to limited-edition, self-published comics and handsome, oversized books.
		With high-profile films and graphic novels, comics are in the public eye like never before.
		MICA examines this phenomenon by bringing together many of the most important artists reconceiving the nature of “comics” with a groundbreaking exhibition exploring contemporary comics culture.
	www.mica.edu /comics (160 words)

	Robert Crumb
		In truth, alternative comics as we know them today might never have come about without R. Crumb's influence - the acknowleged 'Father' of the underground comics could also be considered the 'Grandfather' of alternative comics.
		The multiple award-winning The Complete Crumb Comics series - the definitive, comprehensive series reprinting the entirety of Crumb's published career - enters the mid-1980s with this 16th volume, a period that many critics consider to be the richest of Crumb's career.
		The definitive, comprehensive series reprinting the entirety of Crumb's published career enters the mid-1980s with this 15th volume, a period that many critics consider to be the richest of Crumb's career.
	www.fantagraphics.com /artist/crumb/crumb.html (1020 words)

	The Hippie Years Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Air Pirates Funnies and Dan O'Neills Comics and Stories became not only underground successes, but underground legends because of the artist's ensuing legal problems with the Disney Company.
		Even though the comics were obvious parodies (like the early Mad Magazine), the court ruled in favor of Disney, and the artists were sued for damages.
		The following are covers of those infamous comic books and a few of the spin-off comics.
	www.mogozuzu.com /comix_2b.htm (324 words)

	Baseball Comics # 2 - Underground Comix & Comics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Baseball Comics # 2 - Underground Comix & Comics
		The resourceful Eisner finally recycled the story within his "Spirit" newspaper section (Commissioner Dolan's face was pasted over that of the original narrator, Pop Flye, Rube's manager).
		In 1992 Kitchen Sink reprinted the story in Baseball Comics #2, as originally intended, and again with a bonus: 4 newly-designed cardstock baseball cards of Cobb, Crawford, Mack and Plank by artist Dan Burr, to be found no where else.
	www.deniskitchen.com /thestore/prods/CB_WE_BBC2.html (125 words)

	SOHH.com Global Forum - The Underground Comics Thread (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The best comic books there are are the underground, independant and otherwise alternative comics.
		They don't come out as much as the superhero comics, but when they are released, the result is usually way ahead of what those comics achieve.
		Things involving superheroes, even if they curse and have extreme violence, are not "alternative comics." Nothing published by DC is "alternative comics." Semantics; good stuff, though.
	forums.sohh.com /showthread.php?t=332380 (204 words)

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