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Topic: Underground Railroad

Related Topics

National Underground Railroad Freedom Center

Calvin Fairbank

Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

Slavery in Canada

Harriet Tubman

Dred Scott case

List of Underground Railroad sites

Free State

Slavery

Canada and the American Civil War

Dred Scott case

Dred Scot

Safe house

Abolitionism

	Underground Railroad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Underground Railroad (occasionally referred to as the "Underground Railway") was a network of clandestine routes by which African slaves in the 19th century United States attempted to escape to free states, or as far north as Canada, with the aid of abolitionists.
		The Underground Railroad was a major cause of friction between the North and South.
		Fugitive Slaves and the Underground Railroad in the Kentucky Borderland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Underground_Railroad (1904 words)

	The Underground Railroad
		The Underground Railroad, a vast network of people who helped fugitive slaves escape to the North and to Canada, was not run by any single organization or person.
		The system even used terms used in railroading: the homes and businesses where fugitives would rest and eat were called "stations" and "depots" and were run by "stationmasters," those who contributed money or goods were "stockholders," and the "conductor" was responsible for moving fugitives from one station to the next.
		The Underground Railroad had many notable participants, including John Fairfield in Ohio, the son of a slaveholding family, who made many daring rescues, Levi Coffin, a Quaker who assisted more than 3,000 slaves, and Harriet Tubman, who made 19 trips into the South and escorted over 300 slaves to freedom.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/aia/part4/4p2944.html (442 words)

	History And Geography Of The Underground Railroad
		Neither an "underground" nor a "railroad," this informal system arose as a loosely constructed network of escape routes that originated in the South, intertwined throughout the North, and eventually ended in Canada.
		Although the Underground Railroad is linked with abolitionism of the antebellum period, it stands out primarily for its amorphous nature and mysterious character.
		Indeed, the few journals that have survived over the years suggest that the true heroes of the underground were not the abolitionists or sympathizers, but those runaway bondsmen who were willing to risk their lives to gain freedom.
	afgen.com /underground_railroad.html (1241 words)

	Underground Railroad - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This nomenclature, along with the numerous, somewhat glorified, personal reminiscences written by conductors in the postwar period, created the impression that the Underground Railroad was a highly systematized, national, secret organization that accomplished prodigious feats in stealing slaves away from the South.
		In fact, most of the help given to fugitive slaves on their varied routes north was spontaneously offered and came not only from abolitionists or self-styled members of the Underground Railroad, but from anyone moved to sympathy by the plight of the runaway slave before his eyes.
		The abolitionists used the Underground Railroad as a propaganda device to dramatize the evils of slavery; Southern slaveholders publicized it to illustrate Northern infidelity to the fugitive slave laws.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-undergro.html (624 words)

	Underground Railroad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Underground Railroad (UGRR) was an informal group of citizens deadest against these beliefs who aided runaway slaves in their escape to freedom in the North and Canada.
		The Underground Railroad was most active n the mid 1800s, but is believed to have helped others as far back as the 1700s.
		Original members of the Underground Railroad in Springfield were Ann Warder, wife of industrial Jeremiah Warder; John D. Nichols; E.A. Neff; Alex Cole, a railroad conductor; Christopher Thompson, a stonemason; and Reverend Joshua Boucher.
	www.springfield-clarkcountyohio.info /underground_railroad.htm (497 words)

	Underground Railroad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Underground Railroad in Ohio was an amazingly efficient and well organized operation, despite the impossibility of open communication and coordination.
		In Cincinnati, Levi Coffin became known as the "President of the Underground Railroad." In Ripley, the home of John Percial Parker, an African American abolitionist and industrialist, was one of the earliest and busiest stations.
		Although many of the landmarks of the Underground Railroad in Ohio are gone or their significance forgotten, time and progress can't erase the example set by this incredible bond of community, however brief, among those in desperate need and those who assisted them.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /parks/explore/magazine/sprsum96/UNDERGRR.htm (1511 words)

	Underground Railroad
		Underground Railroad is a catch-all term that refers to any of a large number of methods that American slaves and those sympathetic to them used to help those enslaved in their flights to freedom before and during the American Civil War.
		Railroad wasn't necessarily a train route, although it was in part for many escaped slaves.
		Underground Railroad was much more in the public eye in the American North than it ever was in the South, mainly because many more people in the North were sympathetic to the interests of runaway slaves.
	www.socialstudiesforkids.com /articles/ushistory/undergroundrailroad1.htm (390 words)

	Underground Railroad - 1850
		Levi Coffin was a key leader of the Underground Railroad, and claimed to have helped an average of 100 escaping slaves in his own home in Cincinnati every year for 33 years.
		The fabled Undergound Railroad was a network of over 3,000 homes and other "stations" that helped escaping slaves travel from the southern slave-holding states to freedom in the northern states and Canada.
		The Underground Railroad business increased as time advanced, and it was attended with heavy expenses, which I could not have borne had not my affairs been prosperous.
	www.nationalcenter.org /UndergroundRailroad.html (3287 words)

	KET's Underground Railroad - Tape Order Info
		The underground railroad was said to have originated when a slave named Tice Davids mysteriously escaped from the Kentucky side of the Ohio River.
		Many of the terms used in the railroad system, i.e., conductor, passenger, station, agent, were adapted for use in the underground railroad.
		In some states, e.g., Ohio, the underground railroad consisted of a network of safe houses, or stations and an established route to freedom.
	www.ket.org /underground/define.htm (133 words)

	Underground Railroad - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Underground Railroad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Underground Railroad was neither underground, nor a railroad.
		After the Civil War, the extent and level of organization of the Underground Railroad became exaggerated, with popular stories of adventure and heroic deeds.
		Although thousands of fugitives secured their freedom by the Underground Railroad, the actual number is uncertain.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Underground+Railroad (233 words)

	Routes - Virtual Underground Railroad Experience
		The Underground Railroad was a crucial driving force in the abolitionist movement, drawing the country more and more into the abyss of civil war and the eventual collapse of the institution of slavery.
		The Underground Railroad was a response to an American paradox created at the beginning of the country's history, when the founding fathers validated the enslavement of Africans while extending the fruits of freedom to European indentured servants.
		The Underground Railroad was such a formidable force that "it call forth [that] ignominious fugitive slave law," and eventually "brought on the Civil War" and the destruction of slavery.
	www.undergroundrailroadexperience.cuny.edu /origin.html (549 words)

	Pages in the History of Elmira \| The Underground Railroad in Elmira's Past
		The Underground Railroad operated at its peak from 1830-1865 and served as an avenue of escape for many fugitive slaves hoping to find freedom in the northern United States or in Canada.
		Along the Underground Railroad route stood "stations," or safe-havens for the runaway slaves, which were run by "conductors", people who helped the escaped slaves to freedom.
		The "Fugitive Slave Act" of 1850 further strengthened the Underground Railroad because the act "violated the inherent rights of human beings to be free," according to Rochester Historian Arch Merrill in a June 26, 1964 article in the Star-Gazette.
	www.ci.elmira.ny.us /history/underground_railroad.html (639 words)

	Underground Railroad
		The Underground Railroad was the name given to the system by which escaped slaves from the South were helped in their flight to the North.
		By the middle of the 19th century it was estimated that over 50,000 slaves had escaped from the South using the underground railroad.
		The underground railroad had many branches; but that one with which I was connected had its main stations in Baltimore, Wilmington, Philadelphia, New York, Albany, Syracuse, Rochester, and St. Catharines (Canada).
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USASunderground.htm (2356 words)

	Underground Railroad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The underground railroad and the use of quilts as messengers for fleeing slaves.
		Visit (1) Underground Railroad Code Words and Phrases, (2) Underground Railroad Code Words and Phrases, (3) Code Words in the Underground Railroad, (4) Codes and Phrases, and (5) Underground Railroad Code Words to see some of the coded messages that were used.
		Learn about the Underground Railroad, a network of safehouses and waypoints used to free slaves from the South and convey them to freedom in the North of the pre-Civil War United States.
	www.42explore2.com /undergrd.htm (1452 words)

	Underground Railroad Indiana!
		The Underground railroad as many of us know it became a part of the American vocabulary around 1830, but slave escape routes were formed long before then.
		While some of the individuals involved in the Underground Railroad were white, it was mostly the free African American who came to the aid of the escapees.
		History of the Underground railroad as it was conducted by the Anti-slavery league; including many thrilling encounters between those aiding the slaves to escape and those trying to recapture them, by Col. William M. Cockrum.
	www.undergroundrailroadindiana.com (1667 words)

	Exploring the Underground Railroad
		The term "Underground Railroad" was coined during the time that the railroad was becoming popular.
		The Underground Railroad was a system of homes or other buildings that housed slaves as a way to help them reach freedom in the North.
		The exact number of slaves that escaped through the Underground Railroad is unknown.
	www.geocities.com /anglbby012/UndergroundRailroad.html (235 words)

	Underground Railroad: Special Resource Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Underground Railroad was neither "underground" nor a "railroad," but was a loose network of aid and assistance to fugitives from bondage.
		In 1990, Congress authorized the National Park Service to conduct a study of the Underground Railroad, its routes and operations in order to preserve and interpret this aspect of United States history.
		This study includes a general overview of the Underground Railroad, with a brief discussion of slavery and abolitionism, escape routes used by slaves, and alternatives for commemoration and interpretation of the significance of the phenomenon.
	www.nps.gov /undergroundrr/contents.htm (112 words)

	History & Genealogy-->Local History Information-->Underground Railroad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Slaves said to have been brought by railroad cattle cars and hidden until it was thought safe to travel.
		Questionable, as there were two Leach families living on this street, one of whom was connected with the Underground Railroad.
		Collins was a "conductor" on the Underground Railroad.
	www.gcpl.lib.oh.us /railroad.asp (183 words)

	Underground Railroad, Inc. - Saginaw, MI
		Welcome to Underground Railroad, Inc. serving all residents of Saginaw County who are victims of domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking.
		In operation since 1977, Underground Railroad, Inc. is the only provider of emergency shelter, services, leadership and programs to end domestic and sexual violence in the community.
		Annually Underground Railroad, Inc. provides shelter for over 500 women and children, and over 4,000 families in Saginaw County access one or more of our services.
	www.undergroundrailroadinc.org (156 words)

	American Civil War Underground Railroad Kids Zone
		This railroad transported slaves to freedom through a network of "stations" led by secret "conductors." George Washington noted the existence of these efforts as early as 1786.
		Conductors on the railroad would hide escaped slaves in their homes and teach them secret codes and phrases to help them find the next safe house along the railroad.
		One of the most famous conductors along the Underground Railroad was Harriet Tubman, who was born into slavery, but through perseverance, was able to help herself and hundreds of others obtain freedom.
	americancivilwar.com /kids_zone/underground_railroad.html (708 words)

	Aboard the Underground Railroad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Underground Railroad refers to the effort--sometimes spontaneous, sometimes highly organized--to assist persons held in bondage in North America to escape from slavery.
		At the most dramatic level, the Underground Railroad provided stories of guided escapes from the South, rescues of arrested fugitives in the North, complex communication systems, and individual acts of bravery and suffering in the quest for freedom for all.
		It also includes a map of the most common directions of escape taken on the Underground Railroad and maps of individual states that mark the location of the historic properties.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/underground (389 words)

	American Experience \| The Time of the Lincolns \| Slavery and Freedom
		Only a small number of slaves traveled by the organized network of routes, "conductors" and "stations" that came to be known as the Underground Railroad.
		Slaves taken to court for breaking the fugitive slave law could not testify on their own behalf, and were not allowed the right to a jury trial.
		Underground Railroad activity flourished in cities such as Rochester and Buffalo which were near the borders of Upper Canada.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/lincolns/slavery/es_underground.html (730 words)

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