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	Underground comix - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Underground comix reflect the concerns of the 1960s counterculture: experimentation in all things, drug-altered states of mind, rejection of sexual taboos, ridicule of "the establishment." The spelling 'comix' was established to differentiate these publications from mainstream 'comics'.
		The term 'underground comics' was created by writer-editor Bhob Stewart during a panel discussion at the July 23, 1966, New York comics convention.
		Although many of the underground artists continued to produce work, the underground comix movement is considered by most historians to have ended by 1980, to be replaced by a rise in independent, non-Comics Code compliant publishing companies in the 1980s and the resulting increase in acceptance of adult-oriented comic books (see alternative comics).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Underground_comics (608 words)

	The Twilight of Newspapers
		Newspapers remain influential up to now, even if their readership and credibility are diminishing.
		Newspapers are the arena for public debate: they are town hall and public forum, making possible informed discussion that leads in turn to more accountable and intelligent governance.
		The tradition of clandestine newspapers is very strong in the Philippines, dating back to this era and continuing to the present.
	www.pcij.org /imag/Media/newspapers3.html (700 words)

	Underground comix overview by Lambiek
		Also, underground newspapers such as The East Village Other (which featured articles, music reviews and hippie news), started to publish comix and attracted work by artists such as Vaughn Bodé, Spain Rodriguez and Willy Murphy.
		A major underground influence was the anti-censorship reaction to the imposed 'comics code'.
		As children, the future underground artists were the very people who had been worst hit - they watched their parents tear up their comics collections, or throw them on the playground fires.
	www.lambiek.net /comics/underground.htm (1027 words)

	Profiles 45 - Underground Comics (Jun 2001)
		The undergrounds furthermore enjoyed an influx of expatriates of the played-out art-poster scene, which had become somewhat passe, commercial, and stagnant by the standards of the day (most likely, posters had simply lost their countercultural credibility by becoming popular to a wider consumer base).
		Inasmuch as the underground comic provided a place to say things one normally couldn't say in comics, we need not display too much surprise that the political content of such works tended towards the gauche, the galling, the extreme, or the deliberately hateful.
		Undergrounds played in a domain of overstimulation rather than understatement, one in which an artificially effete reader would suffer considerable exposure to precisely those disturbing elements his kind often bands together to censor.
	www.fortunecity.com /tatooine/niven/142/profiles/pro45.html (3487 words)

	underground comics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Underground comics (or comix) are self-published or small press comic books that sprang up in the US in the late 1960s.
		Although many of the underground artists continued to produce work, the underground comix movement is considered by most historians to have ended by 1976, to be replaced by a rise in independent, non-Comics Code compliant publishing companies in the 1980s and the resulting increase in acceptance of adult-oriented comic books (see alternative comics).
		Underground comics, as a phrase, has gained some renewed popularity among comics fans to describe some of today's alternative comics.
	www.nyc24.org /2006/issue2/story07/undergroundtomain.html (373 words)

	firstamendmentcenter.org: Student expression in Speech - Topic
		Students generally may distribute their underground newspapers at school as long as they do not create a substantial disruption of school activities.
		Underground publications are a powerful way that students can have a say about what goes on in their school and community.”
		“There are more underground newspapers at schools where the administration extensively censors the school-sponsored publication than at schools where the school-sponsored publication is free to cover issues that are important to students,” Goodman said.
	www.firstamendmentcenter.org /speech/studentexpression/topic.aspx?topic=underground_newspapers (1295 words)

	The Journalism of the French Resistance
		From then on, newspapers were under the double dominion of Vichy and of the propaganda machine of the occupying forces.
		Our newspaper is not meant for those who, comfortably ensconced in an armchair, would read it on the sly and then hasten to burn it for the sake of caution.
		Every newspaper that had published for more than 15 days during German occupation, either after June 30, 1940, in the north zone, or after November 26 1942, in the south, was outlawed and its assets (buildings and equipment) sequestered and entrusted to the new press.
	www.freedomforum.org /publications/msj/courage.summer2000/y08.html (2858 words)

	Carroll County Online - SYNERGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		When asked his view of the role of underground newspapers, Phillips said: ``Students don't lose their right to free speech when they enter the school, it is just limited,'' he said.
		Underground newspapers are often used to give written form to the philosophies of various underground movements.
		Students were encouraged by the Panther Underground to show up and voice their opinion in a forum where they usually don't have a voice.
	foodmage.tripod.com /school.htm (1230 words)

	Andruss Library Subscription Databases
		Older newspapers in paper copy are kept adjacent to the current periodicals.
		Most of the newspaper back issues are stored with periodicals in microfilm in 35mm reels arranged alphabetically by title in cabinets to the right of the Circulation Desk.
		Newspapers available in full text electronically may be identified and accessed using Serials Solutions.
	www.bloomu.edu /library/newspapers/index.html (271 words)

	BU Libraries \| Research Guide \| Newspapers
		Most of the newspaper backfiles in Mugar Memorial Library are kept in the "Newspapers" cabinets (Mugar Micro Mfilm NEWSPAPERS), arranged alphabetically by title, in the Microforms Room.
		Other newspaper backfiles (Mugar Micro Mfilm) are arranged alphabetically in the left-hand cabinets that face the front of the Microforms Room.
		The clippings are from a variety of Boston newspapers, dating from the late 1800s to the early 1980s.
	www.bu.edu /library/guides/news.html (1641 words)

	AlternativeApproaches.com: The Virtual Underground
		The Free Press, or Freep as it was lovingly called, was the crown jewel among the many underground newspapers that exploded on the scene in the late sixties.
		There had been alternative papers before the underground press movement of the sixties (the Bay Guradian in San Francisco and the Village Voice in New York come to mind), but these were mostly journals with a decidedly socialist or communist agenda, papers that had been born out of the workers movement in the 1930s.
		The new online underground offers many features that would have been the stuff of science fiction back in the days when the papers were published on newsprint.
	www.alternativeapproaches.com /altapr/aaunderground.html (999 words)

	Dutch Underground Press: The British Library Newspaper Library
		The originators of the underground press could be found among all groups of the population.
		Many of the printers of underground papers were shot by German soldiers or lost their lives in concentration camps.
		The Dutch Underground Press, 1940-1945: Netherlands State Institute for War Documentation Microfiche Collection is a massive collection of 1,831 microfiche of underground material, and it supplies an excellent overview of the extent to which the Dutch resisted German occupation during the Second World War.
	www.bl.uk /collections/dup_engl.html (439 words)

	Underground press - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This movement borrowed the name from previous underground presses such as the Dutch underground press during the Nazi occupations of the 1940s.
		The underground press in the 1960s and '70s existed in most countries with high GDP per capita and freedom of the press; similar publications existed in some developing countries and as part of the samizdat movement in the communist states, notably Czechoslovakia.
		The most prominent underground publication in Australia was a satirical magazine called Oz (1963 to 1969), which owed an obvious debt to the UK magazine Private Eye.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Underground_newspapers (1451 words)

	Looking for Newspapers (University of Oregon Libraries)
		Newspapers on microfilm are shelved by city and then by the title of the publication.
		The Underground Newspapers microfilm collection includes "alternative" papers published between 1965 and 1971; over 460 papers are represented.
		The inventory lists underground papers alphabetically by title, giving microfilm reel number(s), city and state, and year(s) of publication.
	libweb.uoregon.edu /guides/newspapers/papers.html (778 words)

	Graduate Library Serials/Microforms Services
		An Index to Ann Arbor newspapers serves as a microfilm index for the Ann Arbor News for the period 1976-1984.
		An Index to Ann Arbor newspapers serves as a microfilm index for the Ann Arbor Observer for the period 1976-1984.
		The Bentley Historical Library has a number of underground newspapers that were produced in Ann Arbor.
	www.lib.umich.edu /grad/serials/localnewspapers.html (1615 words)

	Underground Press in Michigan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The underground press in Michigan rose and declined in a very short time, but for a decade or so, beginning with the founding of The Fifth Estate in 1965, dozens of underground papers were published in virtually every major city in Michigan.
		During that turbulent period, the underground press was in the vanguard of public opinion on many of the issues that seemed to threaten the social fabric of the country: Vietnam, drugs, women's liberation, sexual freedom, high school students' rights.
		Coverage of these issues in the underground press reflected and influenced the opinions and activities of college and high school students and young workers, a segment of society that had previously been ignored by the establishment media.
	www.umich.edu /~bhl/bhl/mhchome/news/undergro.htm (607 words)

	Encina High School Newspapers
		The newspaper page guesses that the "Tomahawk" morphed into the "Encina Asylum." Come now, some of you will remember the few issues of our school paper that appeared in between sometime during the '73 -'74 year.
		One of the highlights from that first year was a group of newspaper staffers was upset with the direction of the basketball team and ended up challenging the team to a game to prove a point.
		I may be wrong, but I seem to remember the newspaper and EBS coexisting for a period of time in the 80's.
	www.encinahighschool.com /newspapers/newspapers.htm (1809 words)

	Microforms Collection, UM Libraries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The collection consists of domestic and foreign underground publications issued between 1963 and 1985.
		The Hoover Institution Supplement is comprised of previously missing issues of 88 alternative press titles from the original collection and of 178 entirely new titles.
		In order to find all filmed issues of a particular newspaper, it may be necessary to consult several sections on different reels.
	www.lib.umd.edu /MICROFORMS/underground_newspapers.html (221 words)

	Library of Congress, Collections Overviews: Special Collections: Newspapers and Journalism
		Furthermore, some titles which by current definition are considered newspapers but have been classified as periodicals in the past are located in the main stacks, in the Microform Reading Room, and in the Rare Book Division -- the latter having in its custody single issues of newspapers which are a part of special collections.
		Scholars doing research in newspapers covering a broad geographic base are able, in a visit to a single institution, to examine a wide range of newspaper titles.
		The Library's newspaper holdings are also complemented by rich collections of monographs, serials, and special format materials in the areas of journalism and media studies.
	www.loc.gov /acq/devpol/colloverviews/newspapers.html (888 words)

	firstamendmentcenter.org: news
		The newspaper's first issue was handed out to Lake City High students on Oct. 23, the same day the Coeur d'Alene School Board unanimously passed the new policy.
		Trustees clarified that school officials cannot censor or review any newspapers or magazines produced off-campus but can limit where the publications are distributed.
		According to Drake, the new policy gives officials the right to police how underground publications are distributed while retaining the right to punish students for disruptive, vulgar, harmful or defamatory language.
	www.firstamendmentcenter.org /news.aspx?id=6010 (429 words)

	H-Net Review: Janet G. Valentine on Protest and Survive: Underground GI Newspapers during the Vietnam War
		One way that servicemen voiced their disaffection was by publishing their own underground newspapers where they could express their unique anti-war perspectives.
		After 1967, however, underground publications were typically run according to the ideal of participatory democracy by committees who considered themselves part of a larger revolutionary movement.
		It is no surprise that underground GI publications solicited written and financial contributions from their readers, but the author does not fully explore how the newsworkers' dependence on their audience affected the relationship he was otherwise at pains to define.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=324341128698969 (1026 words)

	Protest and Survive: Underground GI Newspapers During the Vietnam War Military Review - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		To reverse these judgments, Lewes argues that those behind underground military newspapers were the vanguard of the "plurality of GIs [who] not only opposed U.S. intervention in Southeast Asia" but were involved in an active, organized resistance movement.
		If the evidence for mass resistance does not exist, then it was either suppressed by "the brass" or the members of this supposedly seething underground were all cleverly hidden.
		That would require intelligent interrogation of the underground GI literature, as well as relevant secondary sources, oral histories, and the official record.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0PBZ/is_3_85/ai_n13822911 (664 words)

	Underground Action Alliance
		However, school officials are not allowed to censor a school newspaper just because it criticizes the school or school officials.
		Underground newspapers or student-distributed literature cannot be banned by school officials just because they don’t like what you say in it.
		Be aware that the school is likely to say that it can ban indecent speech anywhere in school, whether it appears in the school-sponsored publication or underground newspaper.
	www.undergroundactionalliance.org /resources.php?r_section=9 (1383 words)

	UVa Library: Periodicals and Microforms - Historical U.S. Newspapers
		A popular national newspaper among the U.S. deaf population bewteen 1888 and 1929.
		The United States Newspaper Program is a cooperative national effort among the states and the federal government to preserve on microfilm newspapers published in the U.S. from the 18th century to the present.
		The Virginia Newspaper Project is part of United States Newspaper Program.
	www.lib.virginia.edu /permic/newspapers/us-historical.html (496 words)

	Times Community Newspapers - Going underground in Loudoun County
		But other prominent families – the Janneys and Taylors – were outright opposed to slavery and are even thought to have participated in the underground railroad.
		No definitive evidence proves that any underground railroad activity took place in the county because no records were kept.
		Involvement in the underground was a topic that was never discussed, or advertised.
	www.timescommunity.com /site/tab1.cfm?newsid=14013516&BRD=2553&PAG=461&dept_id=506037&rfi=6 (819 words)

	Vintage Vinyl:Steal This Book
		In any hip community, the underground newspaper is generally the source of the best up-to-the-moment information.
		Dying all the outdoor fountains red and then sending a message to the newspaper explaining why you did it, dramatizes the idea that blood is being shed needlessly in imperialist wars.
		Say you are a newspaper with a large youth readership and have regular reviews of books, or records, or movies, and would like to be placed on their mailing list.
	www.tenant.net /Community/steal/steal.html (21986 words)

	Aerospaced Information
		However the military could do nothing to people who were found in posession of underground newspapers, as Aerospaced so eloquently put it "lifers can't do one fugging thing to you for having 'Aerospaced.' Your right to possess it is protected under DOD Directive 1325.6" (Lewes 112).
		As in the Ally many bases wished to keep the views represented in the underground newspapers outside of the base, which is why Ally was forced to conceal the newspapers that were sent to its G.I. subscribers.
		The newspaper Aerospaced and others like it were necessary for the G.I.’s, they provided an outlet for pent up frustrations and anger at the “brass” and the government which continued to pursue a war that they deemed unnecessary.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~kamilar/classweb/aero.html (582 words)

	Jacob Brackman: The Underground Press
		The young underground press is struggling to counter with its own vision - now loving, now wildly messianic, now passionate and venomous, now withdrawn in disgust - against what it claims to be the repressive, monolithic vision of the "establishment blats." Most often, the new rebel papers might be writing about another planet altogether.
		The underground does the same of Ken Kesey, the Grateful Dead, USCO, Madalyn Murray, William Burroughs, Albert Ellis, Alan Watts, Meher Baba, Che Guevara, Ravi Shankar and the Kuchar brothers.
		The establishment is haunted by the ghosts of Lincoln, Jefferson, John Kennedy, Churchill, Pope John and Eleanor Roosevelt; the underground, by the ghosts of Jesus, Aldous Huxley, Lenny Bruce, Charlie Parker, Malcolm X and A.J. Muste.
	www.trussel.com /lyman/brackman.htm (6166 words)

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