
	Where results make sense

Topic: Underwater telegraph cable

Related Topics

Undersea telegraph cable

Transatlantic telephone cable

Transatlantic telegraph cable

Cyrus Field

Lord Kelvin

Mirror galvanometer

Absolute scale of temperature

History of telescopes

Walloons

Journal of the Travellers Aid Society

Age of the Earth

1866

Jack the Ripper

King Louis XVI

1858

In the News (Tue 14 Feb 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	American Experience \| The Great Transatlantic Cable \| People & Events \| PBS
		When the first transatlantic cable was successfully laid in the summer of 1858, two continents buzzed with the promise of instant communication.
		The problem of retardation, which caused much of the delay that accompanied transmissions through the first cable, was greatly diminished by the innovations of William Thomson, and the cables of the 1860s sent signals across the Atlantic in a matter of seconds.
		Telegraph messages were sent in the dots and dashes of Morse Code, and someone had to sit in a telegraph office, listen to the clicks coming through the telegraph receiver, and decipher them.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/cable/peopleevents/e_use.html (684 words)

	Transatlantic telegraph cable - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first Transatlantic telegraph cable was a telegraph cable that crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Valentia Island, in western Ireland to Trinity Bay, in eastern Newfoundland.
		The cable consisted of seven copper wires, each weighing 26 kg/km (107 pounds per nautical mile), covered with three coats of gutta-percha, weighing 64 kg/km (261 pounds/nautical mile) and wound with tarred hemp, over which a sheath of eighteen strands, each of seven iron wires, was laid in a close spiral.
		The Atlantic cable was a theme for innumerable sermons and a prodigious quantity of doggerel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transatlantic_telegraph_cable (2338 words)

	Telegraph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Morse also developed an apparatus which was able to send information via the cables in the form of a code made up of dots and dashes; this system is known as the Morse code and is still being used widely by Radio Officers on board ships.
		In 1858, an underwater telegraph cable was laid across the Atlantic Ocean.
		The first successful transatlantic cable was laid in 1866, largely due to the efforts of Cyrus W. Field, an American millionaire, and Lord Kelvin, a British physicist.
	library.thinkquest.org /26890/telegrapht.htm (265 words)

	Failure Magazine-Archives-History-Cable Ready
		After the new cable was manufactured and its entire length loaded onto the Great Eastern, the Prince of Wales boarded the ship on May 30, 1865 and sent a test message—"I wish success to the Atlantic cable"—that traveled through the 2,700 mile-long coil in less than a minute.
		While the cable was being hauled in it suddenly snapped and immediately plunged to the bottom of the Atlantic.
		Since most underwater cables were hundreds or even thousands of miles long, massive amounts of gutta-percha had to be harvested in a short period of time.
	www.failuremag.com /arch_history_cable_ready.html (4188 words)

	Before Marconi - The St. John's to New York Telegraph Cable
		As this part of the project was continuing, work on the underwater cable across the Cabot Strait was progressing simultaneously.
		In late August, the cable was landed ashore and secured to the post in the terminal building and the S.S. Victoria, which was chartered to tow the Bryant as it laid the cable toward a point on Cape Breton Island, commenced its work.
		After laying forty miles of cable a gale struck with such force that the cable was cut to save the Bryant from sinking.
	visitnewfoundland.ca /telegraph.html (1109 words)

	Submarine communications cable - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A submarine communications cable is a cable laid beneath the sea to carry telecommunications between countries.
		By the 1890s, Oliver Heaviside had produced the modern general form of the telegrapher's equations which included the effects of inductance and which were essential to extending the theory of transmission lines to higher frequencies required for high-speed data and voice.
		While laying a transatlantic telephone cable was seriously considered from the 1920s, a number of technological advances were required for cost-efficient telecommunications that did not arrive until the 1940s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Underwater_telegraph_cable (1736 words)

	The Underwater Web: Cabling the Seas a Smithsonian Institution Libraries Exhibition
		The first big step in underwater cables was a relatively short one: across the English Channel.
		Numerous short underwater cables were laid around Britain and in the Mediterranean in the 1850s.
		The cables share the same basic construction: copper wire, surrounded by gutta percha insulation (a dark plastic-like substance) and a sheath of iron wires.
	www.sil.si.edu /Exhibitions/Underwater-Web/uw-optic-04.htm (303 words)

	Transatlantic Telegraph Cable
		The construction of this telegraph line employed 600 men, and was completed in the fall of 1856.
		In 1859 (after the failure of the 1858 transatlantic telegraph cable) the Associated Press of New York stationed a boat at Cape Race to intercept transatlantic steamships on their way to Halifax and New York.
		The receipts from the Newfoundland telegraph lines throughout this period of hope deferred (1858-1866) were very small and very precarious.
	www.atlantic-cable.com /Cables/1856CabotStraitCable/index.htm (1632 words)

	TransAtlantic Telegraph Companies
		On this telegraph house we placed a flag-staff, which was to be kept in line by the steamer, as she crossed the Gulf, with a certain very excellent landmark on the top of a mountain some three, four, or five miles distant, – a landmark which seemed to be made on purpose for our use.
		In 1894, the Commercial Cable Company laid its third submarine telegraph cable between Ireland and Hazel Hill, Guysborough County, Nova Scotia. This additional cable was needed because the heavy telegraph traffic had grown beyond the capacity of the two earlier cables.
		In 1905, the Commercial Cable Company laid its fifth submarine cable between Hazel Hill, Nova Scotia, and Waterville, Ireland. This was one of the heaviest submarine telegraph cables up to this time. Its speed was remarkable for its day, and it quickly took a heavy load of telegraph message traffic.
	www.alts.net /ns1625/telegraph02.html (6827 words)

	U.S. Senate: Art & History Home > Paintings > Telegraph
		Along with the Telegraph study, Brumidi also included a depiction of the transatlantic cable in his final sketch for The Apotheosis of Washington, his monumental fresco in the canopy of the Capitol dome.
		Telegraph emerged from obscurity in 1919, when objects from the artist’s estate, including 27 paintings, were uncovered in a bank vault.
		At a time when the telegraph offered the quickest and most efficient means of communication, the unavailability of underwater cables severely limited the distances that messages could travel.
	www.senate.gov /artandhistory/art/artifact/Painting_33_00019.htm (1332 words)

	Lead cable
		The purpose of the cable was to connect Alaska's military posts with each other and with the rest of the United States, improving the command and the tactical communications as part of America's early warning network.
		The inter-island cable was local submarine and subterranean cable that connected islands or points on the same island via underwater routes, and provided communication facilities for local agencies.
		This type of cable was also a submarine cable, however it was used expressly for the fire control system of a harbor defense installation.
	www.sitkatribe.org /environment/lead_cable.htm (701 words)

	Electrical telegraph Summary
		It was Chappe who coined the term telegraph (for his semaphore), from the Greek tele, "far," and graphien, "to write." The practical development of electrical telegraphy was made possible by the invention of the electric battery, or voltaic pile, by Alessandro Volta in 1800.
		By 1861 a telegraph line ran across the continent, and by 1866 it was possible to send messages across the Atlantic via a submarine cable, installed after numerous failures and herculean effort.
		In 1836 the Shilling's telegraph underwent successful tests on experimental underground - underwater cable line, with the extent about 5 kilometers, laid around the building of the main Admiralty in Saint Petersburg, and was approved for the relation between Peterhof and Kronshtadt.
	www.bookrags.com /Electrical_telegraph (2866 words)

	American Association of Exporters and Importers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		At that time the railroad and telegraph blanketed the country from the east to the midwest but did not yet extend all the way across the country.
		Telegraph companies were soon selling money orders and in 1867 the New York Stock Exchange introduced stock tickers to report the purchase and sale of stocks on telegraphic devices.
		The Siemens company established the first telegraph lines in Europe and by 1850, the first underwater telegraph cable was laid between France and United Kingdom.
	www.aaei.org /tier.asp?bid=64 (3749 words)

	UNDERWATER TELEGRAPH CABLE DETAILS
		This very early telegraph cable connected Havana, Cuba and the United States in the late 19th Century.
		It was wound in the opposite direction from the outer layer in an attempt to reduce torsional twisting of the cable.
		It is an excellent insulator and was used as the main cable insulation.
	www.chss.montclair.edu /~pererat/mcable97.htm (443 words)

	The Transatlantic Cable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Some people thought it was harebrained to introduce an underwater telegraph cable all the way from Europe to North America.
		Though the venture was not particularly successful initially, indeed the cable broke on the first attempt to lay, Cooper was at the founding moment of the global communication movement, the global communications revolution that the cable promised.
		"Cooper knew that the transatlantic cable project was going to be a long term investment but as he said, if it was going to be useful for mankind then it should be undertaken.
	www.petercooper.info /transatlantic.htm (202 words)

	DIVING EXPEDITION TO RECOVER SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLE
		It was similar in design and made by the same company that manufactured the transatlantic cables and I knew that it would provide me with information about how well these early cables survived after about 100 years on the floor of the ocean.
		I cut the cable into shorter pieces (18KB) and stored it wet as I prepared to do the electrolysis that I understood was necessary to stabilize and conserve the steel.
		After 4 months, I removed the cable from the electrolytic bath and applied a thin layer of clear varnish to seal out moisture and eliminate the chance of further deterioration.
	w1tp.com /mcable.htm (1376 words)

	Communication Links
		The Optical Telegraph: the proceedings of a symposium on The Optical Telegraph held in Stockholm June 21-23 1994.
		Underwater Telegraph Cable Details by Tom Perera (W1TP) gives useful insights on the early technology of submarine telegraphy.
		Telegraph Instruments of Europe: a collection of images of some of the instruments in the fantastic collection of Fons Vanden, a collector of 19th century telegraph instruments.
	people.deas.harvard.edu /~jones/cscie129/pages/comm_links.html (3071 words)

	[No title]
		That year the first operational telegraph link was completed, with 25 miles of line (part of a $450,000 plan by the Army Signal Corps) strung from Nome Military headquarters to the Port Safety outpost.
		An unsuccessful underwater telegraph cable had been laid in 1900 across Norton Sound from Port Safety to Fort Saint Michael.
		The Alascom spur, which lands at Seward, Alaska, proceeds underwater to a point 1,900 miles south, where the transPacific portion of the cable is tapped, using methods like those employed for joining multiple European nations on transAtlantic cables.
	massis.lcs.mit.edu /telecom-archives/archives/reports/alascom.story (1788 words)

	www.smpte-sbe48.org - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The unfortunate part is that it's on their Digital Cable Channel 104 which means that you must pay for more than just basic cable to receive it.
		After sinking into obscurity after the transatlantic telephone cable was run in 1956, the undersea telegraph cable is once again a trendy topic.
		In 2003, novelist John Griesemer released a fictional account of the laying of the transatlantic telegraph cable called Signal and Noise.
	www.smpte-sbe48.org /news.html (7082 words)

	Telecommunications
		R.E. House of New York City received the first U.S. patent for a telegraph ticker that would print letters of the alphabet; was able to print at the rate of 50 words a minute in Roman letters.
		Atlantic Cable and Submarine Telegraphy History http://www.atlantic-cable.com/ From the first submarine cable of 1850 to the worldwide fiber optic network.
		Cable and Wireless History http://www.cwhistory.com/history/images/welcome.gif From its beginning in the 1860's, Cable and Wireless has played a major part in the establishment and development of telecommunications around the world.
	www.kipnotes.com /Telecommunications.htm (6838 words)

	Underwater Web - HBS Working Knowledge
		Cabling of the sea: the birth of global communications.
		One such invention, "the underwater cable," is being celebrated in an online exhibition at the Smithsonian Museum's site.
		Equally well represented is a discussion of the impact on the world of this new 'instantaneous' communication.
	hbswk.hbs.edu /archive/2656.html (64 words)

	History of the Atlantic Cable&Submarine Telegraphy
		Telegraphy and the Atlantic Cable in the U.S. Capitol Dome
		The author was a cable engineer who supervised the manufacture of the 1865 cable and was later superintendent of the Valentia cable station where the recovered 1865 cable terminated.
		The Atlantic Cable - by Bern Dibner, 1959.
	www.atlantic-cable.com (3086 words)

	The History of Anadyr
		While departing from Tangier, Anadyr's anchor line became entangled with an underwater telegraph cable.
		The decision was made to cut the telegraph cable, thereby severing all communications between Tangier and Europe.
		This, while ostensibly an accident, had the side benefit of making it more difficult for the agents of unfriendly nations to report details of the armada's departure from Tangier.
	www.russojapanesewar.com /bollinger.html (1189 words)

	US People--Miller, Willard D., Seaman
		He enlisted in the U.S. Navy from the State of Massachusetts and served during the Spanish-American War as a crew member of the gunboat Nashville.
		On 11 May 1898 he took part in a small boat operation that cut the underwater telegraph cable off Cienfuegos, Cuba, and received the Medal of Honor for his "extraordinary bravery and coolness".
		Both he and his brother, Harry H. Miller, were awarded the Medal of Honor for exhibiting "extraordinary bravery and coolness" during the 11 May 1898 telegraph cable cutting operation off Cienfuegos, Cuba.
	www.history.navy.mil /photos/pers-us/uspers-m/w-miller.htm (523 words)

	Events 6 - Life in Canada - A Collector's Passion The Peter Winkworth Collection - Exhibitions - Library and Archives ...
		This cheering crowd celebrates the landing of the telegraph cable linking Europe and North America.
		The underwater telegraph cable was successfully run from Ireland to Newfoundland in 1866, after two previous attempts had failed.
		Heart’s Content operated as a cable relay station until 1965 when it became obsolete.
	www.collectionscanada.ca /art/050602/0506020235_e.html (134 words)

	The Underwater Web: Cabling the Seas a Smithsonian Institution Libraries Exhibition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A century and a half ago, the world suddenly became smaller when an underwater telegraph cable joined two nations divided by the sea.
		Today another underwater web - a complex fiber-optic system - makes the world smaller yet, as the old becomes new again.
		To be so busy and so still, so universally used and yet so hidden, are only two of the paradoxes that have marked the history of underwater cables.
	www.sil.si.edu /Exhibitions/Underwater-web/uw-introduction-01.htm (112 words)

	Samuel Colt - People of Connecticut
		He saw so much potential in the discoveries and technologies of his day, that he just had to try and put them to use.
		He had experience in firearms, explosives, ships, and the sea, and so he used his experience and imagination to develop a device that could set off an underwater explosive by remote control.
		Later he became involved in telegraph technology, and developed the first underwater telegraph cable.
	www.netstate.com /states/peop/people/ct_sc.htm (630 words)

	The Brighter Side of History - July 27
		In 1866, Cyrus W. Field finally succeeded, after two failures, in laying the first underwater telegraph cable 1,686 miles long across the Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe.
		Massachusetts merchant and financier Cyrus W. Field first proposed laying a 2,000-mile copper cable along the ocean bottom from Newfoundland to Ireland in 1854, but the first three attempts ended in broken cables and failure.
		Field's persistence finally paid off in July 1866, when Great Eastern, the largest ship then afloat, successfully laid the cable along the level, sandy bottom of the North Atlantic.
	www.amug.org /~jpaul/jul27.html (2079 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)