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	Tutor2u - Unemployment - Causes of Unemployment
		Traditionally, trade unions and wages councils are seen as the institutions causing this type of unemployment although the importance of trade unions in the UK labour market has diminished significantly over recent years and this has not stopped unemployment reaching nearly three million twice in the last twenty years.
		Frictional unemployment is transitional unemployment due to people moving between jobs: For example, newly redundant workers or workers entering the labour market (such as university graduates) may take time to find appropriate jobs at wage rates they are prepared to accept.
		Structural unemployment occurs when people are made unemployed because of capital-labour substitution (which reduces the demand for labour) or when there is a long run decline in demand in their particular industry.
	www.tutor2u.net /economics/content/topics/unemp/unempcause.htm (805 words)

	SparkNotes: Measuring the Economy 2: Unemployment
		While unemployment is a general term that describes people who wish to work but cannot find jobs, there are actually a number of specific types of unemployment.
		This type of unemployment is called cyclical unemployment because it is attributable to changes in output due to the cycles of the economy.
		The unemployment rate is the ratio of the unemployed to the total labor force or (5 / 25) = 20%.
	www.sparknotes.com /economics/macro/measuring2/section2.rhtml (1825 words)

	bp_casefair_econf_7e\|Long-Run and Short-Run Concerns: Growth,\|Recessions, Depressions, and Unemploymen\|The Costs of ...
		Another type of unemployment that arises naturally in a dynamic economy is structural unemployment.
		This type of unemployment is due to changes in economic institutions, geographic displacement, technological change, and similar factors.
		One type of unemployment, on the other hand, is indicative of an economy that is not normal and healthy.
	wps.prenhall.com /bp_casefair_econf_7e/0,8233,2031781-,00.html (580 words)

	Introduction to Macroeconomics Chapter 19
		Frictional and structural unemployment are two types of unemployment that always exist in an economy and thus prevent the unemployment rate from ever reaching zero.
		Because frictional and structural unemployment cannot be directly measured, the natural rate of unemployment is a theoretical concept that is often defined as the rate at which increases in aggregate demand for output leads mostly to higher prices and wages rather than output and employment.
		For example, if the unemployment rate increases from 4 % in year 1 to 5 % in year 2, there was a 1 % increase in the unemployment rate.
	mason.gmu.edu /~tlidderd/104/ch19Lect.html (2723 words)

	Introduction to Macroeconomics - 6. Unemployment and the Labor Market
		Unemployed Persons - persons 16 years and over who had no employment during the reference week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week.
		Frictional, structural, and seasonal unemployment are three types of unemployment that always exist in an economy and thus prevent the unemployment rate from ever reaching zero.
		Unemployment benefits certainly reduce the hardship to the individual from being laid off, but they also raise the level of the natural rate of unemployment.
	mason.gmu.edu /~tlidderd/104/ch6Lect.html (5293 words)

	Unemployment types - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This type of unemployment coincides with an equal number of vacancies and cannot be solved using aggregate demand stimulation.
		Structural unemployment may also be encouraged to rise by persistent cyclical unemployment: if an economy suffers from long-lasting low aggregate demand, it means that many of the unemployed become disheartened, while finding their skills (including job-searching skills) become "rusty" and obsolete.
		To Marxists, this kind of unemployment cannot be abolished without overthrowing capitalism as an economic system and replacing it with democratic socialism — or else by running capitalism using a fascist state, under which profitability is protected by the systematic use of direct force.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Unemployment_types (2043 words)

	Lecture 11. Oct. 2 - Ch. 7, part 2
		Frictional unemployment is an outcome of normal labor turnover -- that is, the movement of people into and out of the labor force and the creation and destruction of jobs in a dynamic economy are both sources of frictional unemployment.
		However, the duration of unemployment also tends to rise near the trough of a business cycle and decline during expansions (i.e., more of it is longer-term during the worst of a recession).
		In addition to the three types of unemployment described by Parkin, economists also distinguish seasonal unemployment -- the unemployment that results from seasonal changes in the demand for labor (as occurs in agriculture or tourism) or in the supply of labor (as with students in the summertime).
	econ.la.psu.edu /~dshapiro/l11oct02.htm (1324 words)

	Types of Unemployment (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Frictional unemployment results from the day-to-day changes in a dynamic, changing economic system in which old industries die and new ones are born, in which people get tired of old jobs and old bosses, in which bosses find work of subordinates unsatisfactory, and in which new people enter and others reenter the labor force.
		Structural unemployment exists when a person is not qualified for any job because the amount he can contribute to any job (his marginal revenue product) is less than the minimum wage payable for that job.
		The existence of this type of unemployment is considered a problem, and government programs have attempted to deal with it.
	ingrimayne.saintjoe.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /econ/Labor/TypesUnempl.html (541 words)

	Unemployment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Unemployment rate (as a percentage of the labor force) in the United States.
		As in the Marxian theory of unemployment, special interests may also benefit: employers often like having their employees in fear of losing their jobs, and thus working hard, keeping their wage demands low, etc. As noted, unemployment may increase employers' monopsony power.
		Note: from March 1, 2005 unemployment statistics were be derived from three sources, the Current Population Survey, a statewide survey of businesses known as the Current Employment Statistics Survey, and state unemployment insurance claims.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Unemployment (4744 words)

	The Oakland Press: Auto/Business: There are many types of joblessness
		This type of unemployment is a permanent and healthy phenomenon of a dynamic, growing economy.
		Seasonal unemployment represents unemployment arising from seasonal weather patterns, usually rising during the winter months and declining during spring and summer.
		That implies that the government should explicitly recognize that the other three types of unemployment are an integral part of a free and vibrant enterprise system and should not be tampered with.
	www.theoaklandpress.com /stories/053004/bus_20040530027.shtml (1476 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Unemployed - A person is considered unemployed if he/she is above the age of 16, does not hold a job and has actively looked for one in the last 4 weeks.
		The average rate of unemployment that is sustainable is called the natural rate of unemployment.
		Unemployment benefits - The higher is the unemployment benefit and the longer it is available after job loss, the higher is the unemployment rate.
	www.sba.oakland.edu /faculty/mukherji/lect6.htm (1212 words)

	Economics Interactive
		When I then put time series graphs of unemployment and GDP on the overhead projector, students in some small way can relate to what otherwise would be just peaks and troughs of a line.
		In teaching the economics of unemployment, the notion of disguised or hidden unemployment is an important one.
		The unemployment rate, of course, would be equal to the number of unemployed workers divided by the number of persons in the labor force or 5/100 = 5%.
	www.unc.edu /depts/econ/byrns_web/GreatIdeas/06-BasicMac/GI-24.htm (1521 words)

	TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
		Structural Unemployment: Unemployment that is caused by changes in the structure of the economy.
		Seasonal Unemployment: This is unemployment resulting from the seasonal pattern of work in specific industries due to such factors as weather or demand patterns.
		Unemployment Rate (UR): The percent of the labor force that is unemployed.
	global.cscc.edu /econ/240/chapter7notes.htm (704 words)

	Boyes/Melvin Economics: Fundamental Questions
		Both these types of unemployment tend to be short-term.
		Likewise, cyclically unemployed persons who are out of work because the economy is in a recession may be unemployed for a long time.
		Some unemployment is necessary so that workers may be channeled to their most productive employment as their skills change.
	college.hmco.com /economics/boyes_melvin/fund/student/fq11.html (551 words)

	[No title]
		Structural unemployment is unemployment due to a decline in the number of jobs in a specific region or industry.
		Unemployment is a situation in which there are qualified workers who are available to work at the prevailing wage rate and who do not have jobs.
		Full employment is a situation in which all unemployment is frictional and structural and the number of job vacancies is equal to the number of unemployed workers.
	community.middlebury.edu /~horlache/Macro-k/hlect/instab2-94.html (3930 words)

	Types of Unemployment - Which Type is Typical? [Virtual Economy]
		Demand-deficient unemployment occurs when there is not enough demand to employ all those who want to work.
		It is a type that Keynesian economists focus on particularly, as they believe it happens when there is a disequilibrium in the economy.
		Most other seasonal unemployment is less severe than this, and tends to occur in certain industries.
	www.bized.co.uk /virtual/economy/policy/outcomes/unemployment/unempth2.htm (623 words)

	Types of Unemployment Insurance
		Unemployment Compensation for Federal Civilian Employees (UCFE): If an individual is separated for civilian employment with the federal government, they may qualify for UI.
		Unemployment Compensation for Ex-Military Personnel (UCX): If an individual served in “active” military duty in the last 18 months, they may be eligible for UI.
		Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA): If an individual is unemployed because of a disaster, they may be eligible for up to 26 weeks of special unemployment assistance.
	www.labor.state.ak.us /esd_unemployment_insurance/ui-types.htm (404 words)

	To Grow out of Unemployment
		The frictional type of unemployment is a sign of economic health.
		A second, more philosophical issue, is that, as opposed to frictional unemployment, which is a welcome sign, structural unemployment is not and must be fiercely fought by the state.
		But this rate of unemployment can be achieved only with the right policy decisions on the state level – and the right management cadre to take advantage of these decisions and of the thrilling new vistas of the global market scene.
	samvak.tripod.com /nm042.html (1806 words)

	Types of Unemployment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Unemployment from normal turnover in the labor market.
		Unemployment from major shifts in the economy, e.g.
		Unemployment related to the ups and downs of business contractions and expansions.
	www.econ.umn.edu /~econdept/100197/tsld004.htm (37 words)

	Tax & Duty Types - Unemployment Benefit
		Unemployment Benefit is a taxable source of income since 6.4.1994.
		Note - Unemployment Assistance is not a taxable source of income.
		Since 6.4.1995 the following amounts of Unemployment Benefit are disregarded for tax purposes i.e.
	www.revenue.ie /revguide/unemploymentbenefit.htm (120 words)

	Analogies, Anecdotes, and Insights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The frictionally unemployed workers are quickly finding jobs, and after retraining or relocation, the structurally unemployed workers are obtaining new jobs within a few months.
		Taking the places of these formerly unemployed persons are newly unemployed people who are looking for new jobs, waiting for future jobs, retraining, or relocating.
		Five percent of the labor force is unemployed each month, but nobody is unemployed for any substantial length of time.
	www.mhhe.com /cgi-bin/mcbrue15.pl?url=analogies8-1 (964 words)

	Economics 504 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Structural unemployment is the result of structural changes in the economy caused by technological progress and shifts in the demand for goods and services.
		Persons who are structurally unemployed do not have marketable job skills and may face prolonged periods of unemployment.
		Cyclical unemployment is unemployment caused by a drop in the level of economic activity that occurs during the contraction phase of the business cycle.
	www.nd.edu /~cwilber/econ504/504book/outln12c.html (98 words)

	PinkMonkey.com-Economics Study Guide - 3.2 Unemployment
		Moreover, the duration of such unemployment may also be fairly long depending upon the extent of corrective and restorative measures introduced to restrict the period of unemployment.
		Even when jobs are available at current market wage rate, some may not be willing to work: they may not like the nature of the job or find the rate of wages offered to be inadequate, or they simply prefer leisure to work.
		In all such cases the members are said to be voluntarily unemployed.
	www.pinkmonkey.com /studyguides/subjects/eco/chap3/e0303201.asp (502 words)

	3 Types of Unemployment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Frictional Unemployment (Micro): Joblessness experienced by workers who are between jobs or who are just entering or reentering the labor market.
		Structural Unemployment (Micro): Joblessness arising from a mismatch between workers’ skills and employers requirements or between workers’ and employers locations.
		Full employment: a state in which cyclical unemployment is zero.
	www.pitt.edu /AFShome/j/d/jduffy/public/html/econ110/lec6/sld005.htm (64 words)

	Sickness disability and unemployment insurance: types of policies
		These policies pay benefits in the event of the policyholder becoming unemployed or unable to carry on in self-employment.
		These policies, not to be confused with mortgage protection (life insurance or endowment) policies, are designed to pay the borrower’s monthly mortgage commitments in the event of illness or unemployment, although usually only for a maximum period of one or two years.
		These policies fulfil much the same economic function as mortgage payment protection insurance, but pay off debts on credit card and other types of loan or HP agreements in the event of illness or unemployment.
	www.hmrc.gov.uk /manuals/iptm/IPTM6105.htm (486 words)

	Free Essays - Types Of Unemployment
		unemployment is widely used as a measure of workers' welfare.
		The third form of unemployment is cyclical unemployment.
		Cyclical unemployment results from a general lack of demand for labor.
	www.freeessays.tv /a12218.htm (571 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		• Some people are unemployed because they are holding out, hoping to find a better job/wage rate
		• Workers are unemployed b/c they are pricing themselves out of the labour market
		• Unemployment rising from a growth in the labour supply
	www.1stdomainnameservices.com /ennet/Unemployment.htm (507 words)

	Quia - Introduction to Economics: Employment and Unemployment
		This activity will help you review the different types of unemployment people face.
		Match the definitions and examples to the correct term.
		To learn how to make your own, just like this, click here.
	www.quia.com /cm/17137.html (60 words)

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