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Topic: Unicameral legislature

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Politics of Niger

	Unicameral or Bicameral State Legislatures - House Research
		Legislators in a unicameral system are more accountable to the electorate, because the simplicity and directness of the unicameral legislative process encourages citizens to pay attention to legislative activity and permits them to better follow and understand the actions of their representatives.
		In a unicameral legislature, decisions are made in public settings--either in standing committees or on the floor--where legislators speak and vote in full view of the media and the public.
		Nebraska's unicameral legislature is not notably efficient in processing legislation; in fact, legislative sessions in Minnesota are shorter than they are in Nebraska, where repetitive floor debates on bills compensate for the absence of the safeguards provided by a second house and conference committees.
	www.house.leg.state.mn.us /hrd/pubs/uni_bicam.htm (5788 words)

	unicameral - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Unicameral System, government having or consisting of a single legislative chamber.
		The highest legislative authority in Lithuania is the Seimas, or parliament, a single-chamber body composed of 141 members elected to four-year terms...
		Portugal is a republic with a president and a unicameral (single-chamber) legislature.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /unicameral.html (73 words)

	Legislature - dKosopedia
		In presidential systems of government, the legislature is considered a branch of government which is equal to, and independent of, the executive.
		A bicameral legislature possesses two separate chambers, usually described as an upper house and a lower house, which may differ in duties, powers, and methods for the selection of members.
		Many legislatures are said to include not just one or more houses but also the head of state.
	www.dkosopedia.com /wiki/Legislature (525 words)

	ASLCS - The Journal - A Unicameral Legislature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Commencing with the regular session of the Legislature to be held in January, nineteen hundred and thirty-seven, the legislative authority of the state shall be vested in a Legislature consisting of one chamber.
		The idea of a unicameral legislature in Nebraska emerged at the turn of the century.2 The issue was introduced, discussed, and debated during several legislative sessions between 1913 and 1933.
		Richard Marvel, the Nebraska Legislature's first two-term speaker, concluded in his doctoral thesis that "decision-making in the unicameral was a complex operation involving a struggle between the conservative and liberal elements of the state."9 Marvel also concluded that moderation highlighted the decision-making process.
	www.ncsl.org /programs/legman/aslcs/odonspg96.htm (3694 words)

	ASLCS - The Journal - NE Unicameral Legislature: A Comparison with MN Bicameral Legislature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Neither the constitution nor the legislature imposes a time limit on the introduction of bills, except for a legislative rule requiring that bills sponsored by the executive branch be introduced before the first deadline for committee action.
		The Unicameral does not have special calendars to expedite the passage of important or noncontroversial bills and does not suspend the constitution or legislative rules to accelerate passage of bills-practices that are common in the Minnesota Legislature.
		The deadlines are an attempt to avoid a common affliction of state legislatures: the hasty passage of numerous key budget bills in the closing hours of session, with special session looming as the consequence of failure.
	www.ncsl.org /programs/legman/aslcs/unicam98.htm (7639 words)

	PUERTO RICO HERALD: Unicameral Legislature: Good Or Bad? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The president of that unicameral legislature would have the power not only to approve laws for raising revenues and to authorize and determine how government would spend its funds, but also to approve or block cabinet appointments as well as other important appointments.
		In a unicameral legislature, the power of the governor to implement his or her program and to appoint the candidates whom he or she determines best for the position would be severely impaired, and petty partisan politics would play a much larger role in any government process.
		Not only would a unicameral legislature give the elected majority more power to abuse and discriminate against individual citizens and opposing minority groups, but to think legislators would spend less money because they are fewer in number is, to say the least, naive.
	www.puertorico-herald.org /issues/2004/vol8n35/CBUnicam.shtml (1188 words)

	MPR: Unicameral Has Few Fans in Rural Minnesota
		Unicameral supporters like Senator Cal Larson concede the unicameral proposal is going to have a tough time gaining passage this year.
		Advocates of the unicameral form of government argue that the people should at least be given a chance to vote on the issue.
		Unicameral legislation has already been defeated in the Senate Elections Committee by a 7-4 vote and was passed on to the Government Operations Committee without recommendation.
	news.minnesota.publicradio.org /features/200002/29_rehab_unicameral-m (724 words)

	[No title]
		REPORT TITLE: Unicameral Legislature DESCRIPTION: Proposes constitutional amendments to provide for a unicameral legislature to be known as the house of representatives commencing after the general election in November, 2002, consisting of 51 members serving 4-year staggered terms.
		The members of the [legislature] house of 4 representatives shall receive allowances reasonably related to 5 expenses as provided by law, and a salary prescribed by the 6 commission on legislative salaries pursuant to this section which 7 shall be payable in installments and at such times as provided by 8 law.
		Every bill which shall have passed the 2 [legislature] house of representatives shall be certified by the 3 [presiding officers and clerks of both houses] speaker and the 4 clerk of the house of representatives and shall thereupon be 5 presented to the governor.
	www.capitol.hawaii.gov /session1999/bills/SB472_.htm (6263 words)

	Resources on Minnesota Issues: Unicameral Legislatures
		Thus for a time there were no examples of a unicameral legislature in the United States until Nebraska switched from a bicameral to a unicameral system in 1934.
		The idea of a unicameral legislature was made one of the cornerstones of the Ventura administration's legislative agenda.
		"Birth of A Unicameral" -- From the Nebraska Unicameral Legislature.
	www.leg.state.mn.us /lrl/issues/uni.htm (644 words)

	SB14
		The members of the legislature shall receive allowances reasonably related to expenses as provided by law, and a salary prescribed by the commission on legislative salaries pursuant to this section which shall be payable in installments and at such times as provided by law.
		In such session, no appropriation bill, except bills recommended by the governor for immediate passage, or to cover the expenses of the legislature, shall be passed on final reading until the bill authorizing operating expenditures for the ensuing fiscal biennium, to be known as the general appropriations bill, shall have been transmitted to the governor.
		In any such session in which the legislature submits to the governor a supplemental appropriations bill, no other appropriation bill, except bills recommended by the governor for immediate passage, or to cover the expenses of the legislature, shall be passed on final reading until such supplemental appropriations bill shall have been transmitted to the governor.
	www.capitol.hawaii.gov /session2001/bills/SB14_.htm (7186 words)

	PUERTO RICO HERALD: Do You Want To Change The Island’s Legislature? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Her reasoning for the bill was that running the legislature in its present form was too much of a drain on the Commonwealth government budget, with total funds allocated to the House and Senate averaging $106 million annually, or $1.3 million per legislator.
		When the proposed change in legislative organization was first discussed in 2003, proponents of a unicameral system envisioned that it would bring on the day of the "citizen legislator," or individuals dedicated to the good of the island and uncommitted to political party discipline.
		Political scientists and students of legislatures have long debated the relative merits of bicameral and unicameral state legislatures and it was a subject of debate among the founding fathers who fashioned the U.S. Constitution, after which the Puerto Rico Constitution is based.
	www.puertorico-herald.org /issues2/2005/vol09n18/Poll0918-en.shtml (884 words)

	MINNESOTANS FOR A SINGLE-HOUSE LEGISLATURE: An Inventory of Its Records at the Minnesota Historical Society
		Records of a nonpartisan nonprofit educational organization established in 1999 to interest and educate voters on the supposed benefits of replacing Minnesota's bicameral legislature with a unicameral legislature, and which was part of an effort to get a proposed constitutional amendment establishing a one-house legislature on the ballot in the November 2000 general election.
		Minnesotans for a Single-House Legislature (MSHL) was a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization established in 1999, apparently as a successor to the Citizens Committee for a Single-House Legislature, by former Republican state senator George Pillsbury and former Democratic state senator Gene (Eugene) Merriam.
		The unicameral effort was revived under the name Minnesotans for a Single-House Legislature after the election of Ventura to the governorship in 1998, and the selection of unicameral proponent Rep. Steve Sviggum (R-Kenyon) as speaker of the house.
	www.mnhs.org /library/findaids/p2573.html (958 words)

	Unicameralism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Many countries with unicameral legislatures are often small and homogeneous unitary states and consider an upper house or second chamber unnecessary.
		A view in favor of unicameral legislatures is that if an upper house is democratic, it simply mirrors the equally democratic lower house, and is therefore duplicative.
		Virtually all city legislatures are also unicameral in the sense that the city councils are not divided into two chambers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Unicameralism (901 words)

	Local legislators have mixed feelings, at best, about unicameral government
		Dan Stevens, R, Mora, said he favors reducing the current size of the Legislature, but fails to see how a unicameral Legislature would be superior to the current form.
		Foley said he believes conference committees, often the focal point of criticism of unicameral proponents, in general tend to be more open with freer discussion than otherwise, he said.
		Junge, a unicameral supporter, said when she votes on a bill she wants to know that’s the form that the law will go into effect.
	www.hometownsource.com /capitol/1999/july/0712single.html (1046 words)

	Nebraska Legislature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, territorial legislatures such as the Legislature of the Virgin Islands, the Legislature of Guam, and the Council of the District of Columbia are also similarly unicameral.
		However, almost all the members of the legislature are affiliated with the state affiliate of either the Democratic or the Republican party and both parties explicitly endorse candidates for legislative seats.
		The Legislature is responsible for law-making in the state, but the Governor has the power to veto any bill.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nebraska_Legislature (717 words)

	Unicameral Legislatures: Debatabase - Debate Topics and Debate Motions
		Furthermore, unicameral models exist within federal systems; the German Bundeslander, Nebraskaâs state congress in the USA and Queensland in Australia are âunicameralâ â“ the legislature has only one house.
		Some unicameral legislatures arenât cheap â“ the important thing is the number of politicians, not the number of houses.
		Unicameral legislatures sometimes offer more opportunity to politicians to speak their mind and act independently.
	www.idebate.org /debatabase/topic_details.php?topicID=331 (929 words)

	Florida Civic Ed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Legislature is the law-making branch of the state government.
		The state legislature may take any action and enact any law they wish as long as their actions do not violate the state or federal constitution.
		At the state level bicameral legislatures are also the rule, although three states-Georgia, Pennsylvania, and Vermont-were originally established with unicameral legislatures.
	www.flciviced.org /branches/legis.html (622 words)

	2006 Initiative Analysis: California Unicameral Legislature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The measure establishes the Legislature with a single house of between 50 and 80 members.
		Currently, the Legislature is made up of two houses, the Senate and the Assembly.
		Spending on operation of the Legislature is capped annually by the State Constitution (currently about $240 million).
	www.lao.ca.gov /ballot/2006/060743.htm (272 words)

	DrPolitics.com -- Why the Reform Party Reforms Won't Work. By Ted Rueter
		UNICAMERAL LEGISLATURE: Governor Ventura touts Nebraska's unicameral legislature as a model for Minnesota.
		Under a bicameral legislature, if a committee chairman refuses to hear a bill that the other body supports, it may be considered in conference committee, and then by the two bodies as a whole.
		Under a unicameral legislature, if a committee chairman refuses to hear a bill, it is DOA.
	www.drpolitics.com /articles/reform_party.htm (1351 words)

	Single House Legislature
		In recognition of this change, the first indicator for this initiative must be the passage of a bill by at least one body of the legislature.
		Note: Although the Governor believes strongly that the decision to create a unicameral legislature rests with the people (and he will respect this decision), he also personally believes a unicameral legislature is a better, more accountable form of government.
		For this reason, the final indicator of this initiative is the creation of a unicameral legislature.
	www.leg.state.mn.us /docs/pre2003/other/bigplan/shl/index.html (457 words)

	Welcome to the Nebraska Legislature Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The 99th Legislature, Second Session adjourned sine die on Thursday, April 13.
		The 100th Legislature, First Session is scheduled to convene at 10:00 a.m.
		Legislative Performance Audit Committee Annual Report to the Legislature - Fiscal Year 2005-06*
	www.unicam.state.ne.us (37 words)

	2000 Session - Capitol View Feb. 21, 2000 - NETOnLine - News
		This is George Norris's major motivation in setting up the Unicameral along with the cost-savings was that he viewed conference committees where you'd have members of one legislative house meeting with members of another legislative house ironing out differences that inevitably rise with consideration of a piece of legislation.
		Pioneers of the Nebraska's unicameral predicted that lawmakers in other states would not accept this concept because they would legislate their own jobs out of existence.
		The vote to adopt a Unicameral legislature was overwhelming.
	net.unl.edu /newsFeat/capview/cv022100.html (860 words)

	Issue Brief - Unicameral Legislature
		Although one would expect the fiscal savings of a unicameral system over a bicameral system to be significant, according to the Minnesota State House Research Department, the cost of the legislature is just a tiny part of the cost of state government.
		A legislature composed of two independent bodies of lawmakers is inherently more stable in membership and temperate in thought and action than a one-house legislature.
		Currently the proposal for a unicameral system is not fully developed, therefore if placed on the ballot the public would be voting on a mere concept, not a crafted plan.
	www.mnnow.org /LEG/ARCHIVES/Issue_Brief_Unicameral_Legislature.htm (560 words)

	Fire the Michigan Senate -More Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		These formidable opponents were once senators and representatives in Michigan's state Legislature who were forced to do battle when Michigan's Senate was eliminated in favor of a unicameral legislature.
		As the Michigan legislature wrestles with continued budget deficits, we, the citizens, have been forced to accept tax increases, loss of services, and cuts in state programs.
		The concept is not new: Nebraska has had a unicameral Legislature since 1937, and many local institutions - such as city councils and schools board - function as a single body.
	www.fire-the-senate.com /pages/Links.html (1076 words)

	Unicameral legislature to cost less, says dean - 9/12/06 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A UNICAMERAL legislature of 320 members is more cost-effective than maintaining two houses of Congress with less than 300 members, according to the dean of the University of the East College of Law.
		In a unicameral parliament, legislative measures only go through a single chamber.
		Valdez said savings from a shortened legislative process could be used to build more farm roads and post-harvest facilities, classrooms, potable water and irrigation systems.
	services.inq7.net /print/print.php?article_id=20624 (219 words)

	Your Turn John O’Sullivan Guest Column Unicameral’ Legislature needed in New Jersey
		Instead of a two-body Legislature, a single-body could be established.
		Nebraska has operated successfully with a unicameral Legislature for more than 50 years.
		It is elected by a nonpartisan ballot, where candidates do not run representatives of their political party.
	nbs.gmnews.com /News/2003/1002/Editorials (310 words)

	Puerto Rico Considering Unicameral Legislature by 2009 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The law that prompted last year's consultation on unicamerality establishes that a single-chamber system proposal must be presented to the people in July 2007.
		In his judgement, reducing the number of legislators who answer to political parties will increase negotiation and debate in the Legislature, which will be necessary since the present double-review system with the two legislative chambers will not exist.
		The Senate leader said that the president of this unicameral legislature will be chosen by the majority of the legislators.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1661996/posts (826 words)

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