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Topic: Unification of Germany

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	History of Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Germany became the main theatre of war and the scene of the final conflict between France and the Habsburgs for predominance in Europe.
		Germany and its allies were to accept the sole responsibility of the war, and were to pay financial reparations for all loss and damage suffered by the Allies.
		Germany is at the forefront of European states seeking to exploit the momentum of monetary union to advance the creation of a more unified and capable European political, defence and security apparatus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Germany (7687 words)

	Germany on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Germany as a whole can be divided into three major geographic regions: the low-lying N German plain, the central German uplands, and, in the south, the ranges of the Central Alps and other uplands.
		Germany is a federal republic whose 16 states have their own constitutions, legislatures, and governments, which can pass laws on all matters except those that are the exclusive right of the federal government such as defense, foreign affairs, and finance.
		The chief theater of the war, Germany was reduced to misery and starvation, lost a large part of its population, and became, as a result of the Peace of Westphalia (1648; see Westphalia, Peace of), a loose confederation of petty principalities under the nominal suzerainty of the emperor.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/germany_history.asp (3323 words)

	German reunification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term "reunification" is used in contrast with the initial unification of Germany in 1871.
		The first proposal for a unification of the remaining German territories was advanced by Josef Stalin in 1952 under terms similar to those later adopted for Austria (see Austrian State Treaty).
		Germany was officially reunified on October 3, 1990 when the five reestablished federal states (Bundesländer) of East Germany–Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia–formally joined the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), choosing one of two options implemented in the West German constitution (Grundgesetz).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/German_reunification (1616 words)

	Germany Info: Culture & Life: History: German Unification
		Germany's ongoing public discussion of social unification has been able to draw upon an abundance of evidence, statistical and anecdotal, that has regularly been offered in the press.
		Unification has likewise compelled western Germans to reconsider their views on a number of domestic issues beyond the economic rebuilding of the east.
		Germany, with its sovereignty fully restored by the 1990 "Two-Plus- Four Treaty,"* has extended its commitment to European integration by taking a leading role in helping the formerly communist states of Eastern Europe on their way toward membership in the European Union and NATO.
	www.germany-info.org /relaunch/culture/history/unification.html (2526 words)

	Germany - Political Developments since Unification
		The unfolding drama of unification is much more evident when one takes into consideration Germany's political landscape, including elections, political climate in the unified country, and issues that have dominated that landscape.
		Parties that strongly supported unification scored well; those that were ambivalent or opposed to unification, such as the SPD and the Greens, fared poorly.
		Unification left Germany with a population possessing widely different views on matters such as the family, religion, and the work ethic.
	countrystudies.us /germany/166.htm (3308 words)

	MSN Encarta - Germany
		When Germany became a nation in 1871, it was a latecomer in the race toward industrialization (see Industrial Revolution), which was then dominated by the United Kingdom and France.
		Germany’s economic development was based on an alliance of industrial business leaders with the Prussian aristocracy, who controlled much of the land.
		Germany uses the EU’s common currency, the euro, and more than one-half of German exports and imports are with other EU countries.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576917_6/Germany.html (2123 words)

	Opening of the Berlin Wall and Unification: German History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Once the first prerequisite for future unification had been established, namely, the willingness of Gorbachev to consider negotiations on unification in light of the dramatic events of the fall of 1989, the consent of the other victorious powers had to be secured.
		When the historic constellation allowing unification appeared, swift and decisive action on the part of Chancellor Kohl and the unwavering, strong support given by the United States government for the early completion of the unification process were key elements in surmounting the last hurdles during the final phase of the Two-Plus-Four Talks.
		Unification celebrations were held all over Germany, especially in Berlin, where leading political figures from West and East joined the joyful crowds who filled the streets between the Reichstag building and Alexanderplatz to watch a fireworks display.
	www.germanculture.com.ua /bl_wall_collapse_unification.htm (1105 words)

	Germany - dKosopedia
		German unification in the modern sense occurred in 1871, with the solidification of the German Empire.
		Germany lost World War I and as a result was made subject to the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
		Currently, Germany is challenged by a number of social issues, including an increasingly costly pension and healthcare plan for the elderly and domestic unease over immigration from Turkey, the Middle East and Africa.
	www.dkosopedia.com /index.php/Germany (1030 words)

	The Great War . Historians . Bernd Huppauf \| PBS
		And that this was a war that was fought not for material possessions, that was not fought for the annexation of territory, for colonies, but that it was a war in which Germany, herself, defended her bare existence.
		Indeed, it might be difficult to understand that that was the common feeling in Germany.
		"Germany had been united in 1871, considered herself to be a young nation — a latecomer.
	www.pbs.org /greatwar/historian/hist_huppauf_01_before.html (329 words)

	Unification of Germany
		Germany was a powerful empire in 800, when Charlemagne took the crown, and again in 962 when Otto the Great became emperor.
		Unification was a cultural and philosophical stance, while expansion of Prussia into Germany was a militaristic one.
		In the rest of Germany the liberal leaders made use of the uncertainty in Prussia and Austria to set up their Vorparliament in Frankfurt Its aim was to draft a constitution for the whole of Germany.
	www.knowledge4africa.co.za /worldhistory/realism00.htm (3933 words)

	Unification Church - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Unification Church
		This was thwarted by the Fall of Man, and history is seen as a continuous attempt to restore the original plan, now said to have found its fulfilment in Reverend and Mrs Moon.
		The Unification Church teaches that marriage is essential for spiritual fulfilment, and marriage partners are sometimes chosen for members by Reverend Moon, although individuals are free to reject a chosen partner.
		In the 1970s, the Unification Church was criticized for its methods of recruitment and alleged ‘brainwashing’, as well as for its business, far-right political, and journalistic activities.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Unification+Church (240 words)

	Birth Outcome in Germany since Unification
		The purpose of this study was to investigate trends in neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in the eastern (the new Länder) and western (the old Länder) part of Germany after unification in 1990 and to identify the scope for further improvement.
		Since unification, the two parts of Germany underwent a complex process that has led finally to convergence of parameters of infant health that are most likely to have been due to improvements in the quality of perinatal care.
		We believe that in order to improve infant mortality in Germany, policy measures should focus on preventive rather than curative measures, as the proportion of very low birth weight babies is increasing in both parts of Germany.
	www.lshtm.ac.uk /ecohost/projects/birth-outcomes-germany.htm (305 words)

	Germany (11/05)
		Germany is a strong advocate of closer European economic integration, and its economic and commercial policies are increasingly determined within the European Union (EU).
		Germany continues to be active economically in the states of central and eastern Europe and to actively support the development of democratic institutions, bilaterally and through the EU.
		Germany stands at the center of European affairs and is a key partner in U.S. relations with Europeans in NATO and the European Union.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3997.htm (5884 words)

	Germany reflective on Unification Day
		HANOVER, Germany (AP) – Germany honored its "unification chancellor," Helmut Kohl, yesterday for bringing the country together eight years ago, while his successor noted that the serious problems it created – like high unemployment – remain to be solved.
		Germany can be proud that no far-right party even came close to winning parliamentary seats in last week's election, he said.
		The people of former East Germany will be remembered not by their old anthem, he said, but by the chant heard during the candlelight marches that eventually brought down the communist leaders: "We are the people."
	www.recordonline.com /1998/10/04/unityday.htm (567 words)

	AllRefer.com - Germany - Postwar Developments - Unification \| German Information Resource
		The characteristics of West Germany as a civilian European power wedded to multilateral structures stood in stark contrast to German colonialism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and the military expansion pursued by Germany under A dolf Hitler's National Socialist rule from 1933 to 1945.
		Emblematic of West Germany's foreign policy was Bonn's Ostpolitik--the opening to the east that became a continuous, albeit varied, thread in the policies practiced by both center-left and center-right governments in Bonn over the two decades precedin g the collapse of the Soviet bloc.
		In fact, East Germany disintegrated at an astonishing pace, and German foreign policy from late 1989 throughout 1990 was driven by concerns directly related to the unification process.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/germany/germany144.html (2914 words)

	AcademicDB - The Re-Unification Of Germany.
		Certainly the USSR did not look favourably upon a united Germany, but in this respect it was not alone, for the governments of both Britain and France had their reservations about unification when it became a real possibility.
		The Soviet Union was not unique in its hostility to unification; however it differed from nations such as Britain and France in one vital respect.
		Great Britain Surprisingly the British response to the prospect of a united Germany was far closer to that of the Soviet Union, rather than its traditional ally, the United States.
	www.academicdb.com /re-unification_germany_8796 (504 words)

	Schmidt, Helmut, Germany After Unification
		Unification just one element in a revolutionary, growing change in the world situation and certainly one of long-lasting historical dimensions.
		Germany's position as a very small country in the middle of a very small, very narrow continent, with nine immediate territory neighbours.
		The high regard for Canada by Germany, particularly for Canada's participation in and contribution to NATO and to the United Nations.
	www.empireclubfoundation.com /details.asp?SpeechID=1197 (523 words)

	BISMARCK MEMORIAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Unification That same year a bitter dispute between the Prussian government and Parliament over the size of the army reached an impasse.
		His hope was that on the strength of the ensuing national enthusiasm he could bring the reluctant south German states into a united Germany.
		Evaluation In striving for German unification Bismarck did not simply resort to "blood and iron." His moves were carefully prepared diplomatically, and he ended his wars as soon as his immediate objectives had been obtained.
	sangha.net /messengers/bismark.htm (739 words)

	Stent, A.: Russia and Germany Reborn: Unification, the Soviet Collapse, and the New Europe.
		Stent, A.: Russia and Germany Reborn: Unification, the Soviet Collapse, and the New Europe.
		The relationship between Russia and Germany has been pivotal in some of the most fateful events of the twentieth century: the two World Wars, the Cold War, and the emergence of a new Europe from the ashes of communism.
		She presents a remarkable review of the events and trends of the past three decades: the onset of d tente, the unification of Germany, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the rise of an uncertain new European order.
	pup.princeton.edu /titles/6426.html (537 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945.
		Germany's affluent and technologically powerful economy - the fifth largest in the world - has become one of the slowest growing economies in the euro zone.
		Germany's aging population, combined with high unemployment, has pushed social security outlays to a level exceeding contributions from workers.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/gm.html (1408 words)

	The Unification of Germany
		In 1867, the Austrian emperor was forced to give equal status to his Hungarian holdings, creating the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.
		Austria was never again a power in Germany.
		To complete the unification of Germany, Bismarck knew that he needed to overcome the opposition of France.
	www.cybergerman.addr.com /unification.html (330 words)

	The Unification of Germany
		In the mid nineteenth century Germany was a collection of smaller states that were linked as a German confederation.
		In the 1860's the dominance of Austria was challenged by Prussia and the process of unification and codification of German law began.
		It is the manner in which the duchies were dealt with after the war of 1864 that took Germany one step closer to unification.
	www.schoolshistory.org.uk /ASLevel_History/unificationofgermany.htm (830 words)

	Germany HQ : Unification Of Germany
		Germany : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of...
		An account of Germany's role during the First World War, examining the build-upto conflict, the early war years and the later desperate war of attrition.
		Germany HQ excludes all liability of any kind (including negligence) in respect of any third party information or other material made available on, or which can be accessed using, this Website.
	www.germanyhq.com /unificationofgermany/index.php (686 words)

	NEH Summer Seminar: Post-Wall Germany
		The dissolution of the Eastern Bloc and the subsequent unification of Germany have had far-reaching implications in many areas, ranging from the way Germans perceive themselves and their nation to Germany's role as a member of the European Community and to its international image.
		Particular attention was paid to the political and social transformation of the "Five New States" of the former GDR since 1989 and the emergence of new regional identites and allegiances.
		As Germany reexamines its identity among the nations of the world, it is also undergoing the transformation from a country of emigration to a country of immigrants.
	www.umass.edu /neh (924 words)

	East Germany - Bismarck and Unification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Seven Weeks' War, which was won by Prussia, resulted in the dissolution of the German Confederation and the exclusion of Austria from German politics; in 1867 Hungary consequently became a semiautonomous kingdom, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire was created.
		By releasing to the press the so-called Ems Dispatch--a telegram from Wilhelm in which the king refused to renounce future Hohenzollern claims to the Spanish throne--Bismarck succeeded in provoking the French and eliciting a declaration of war.
		Bismarck's major war aim, the voluntary acceptance of the Constitution of the North German Confederation by the southern states, was accomplished by Germany's victory over France.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-5039.html (505 words)

	germany unification - Books, journals, articles @ The Questia Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		From 1945 until unification, West Germany moved into an era where...a popular opinion that unification of Germany was detrimental and therefore...living in the postwar East Germany.
		Since unification, however, Germany has faced the economic...failed to obtain the unification of Germany under Frederick...presented a ten-point unification plan to the Bundestag...official visit to East Germany, where he agreed...
		...the liberal movement, advocated unification of Germany under the aegis of Prussia, and...signed at the end of the war, Germany was reorganized under Prussian...71) that ensued the states of S Germany rallied to the Prussian cause...
	www.questia.com /search/germany-unification (1472 words)

	The Unification of Germany 1864-1871
		There was a strong popular movement for unification but neither Austria nor Prussia was prepared to allow it happen.
		There was a growing recognition in France that the emergence of a united Germany under Prussia was an unacceptable threat to French supremacy in Europe.
		The Ems telegram (a report of the King's meeting with the French Ambassador) was sent to Bismarck by the foreign office official accompanying William.
	www.historyhome.co.uk /europe/unific.htm (1276 words)

	Niebyl-Proctor Marxist Library - Unification of Germany Page 13 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		When the wall came down and people were confronted with consumer wealth of West Germany, they were seduced into thinking that a market economy was the answer to their economic problems and unity with the other Germany would be the way to achieve it quickly.
		They were persuaded by representatives of the ruling party in Bonn, who practically ran the election campaign in the spring of 1990, that the best way to unification was simply to join the Federal Republic on the basis of article 23 of the constitution.
		Even before unification a sell-out of the GDR took place because hardly any of the social achievements were kept, nor were property rights questions settled in the interests of GDR citizens.
	www.marxistlibr.org /goldsteinpages/goldstein13.html (374 words)

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