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Topic: Unification of Sweden

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History of Sweden

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Eric X of Sweden

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	Sweden - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Sweden subsequently broke away in 1521, when Gustav Eriksson Vasa, known as king Gustav I of Sweden from 1523, re-established separation of the Swedish Crown from the union.
		In the south of Sweden leaf-bearing trees are prolific, in the north pines and hardy birches dominate the landscape.
		In underground circles, Sweden is known for a large number of death metal and fl metal acts, often viewed as pioneering or at the forefront of the scene.
	open-encyclopedia.com /SE (2269 words)

	Unification of Sweden - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Eric the Saint (1150-1160) organized the Church of Sweden on the model prevalent elsewhere, and undertook a crusade against the heathen Finlanders, marking the beginning of Sweden's overseas endeavors.
		But the greatest medieval statesman of Sweden, and one of the principal architects of its rise as a nation, was the Earl Birger, who practically ruled the land from 1248 to 1266.
		The first union between Sweden and Norway occurred in 1319 when the three-year-old Magnus, son of the Swedish royal Duke Eric and of the Norwegian princess Ingeborg, inherited the throne of Norway from his grandfather Haakon V and in the same year was elected King of Sweden, by the Convention of Oslo.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Unification_of_Sweden (941 words)

	Consolidation of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Depending on perspective, Sweden has been said to have been unified in the 7th century by Ingjald illråde ("ill-ruler") when he burnt a number of subordinate kings to death inside his hall.
		To complicate the matter, it can also be argued that the first unification of Sweden happened when the Suiones appeared as a tribe, based on Tacitus who described them as several tribes (Suionum hinc civitates) with one king.
		Since there are several perspectives on what constitutes Sweden, anyone wanting to establish the date for the unification/beginning/birth of Sweden has to define what they mean by "Sweden" and how they delimit the stages in the evolution of a nation, a country or a state.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Consolidation_of_Sweden (410 words)

	History of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		In the 16th century, Gustav Vasa fought for an independent Sweden, crushing an attempt to restore the Kalmar Union and laying the foundation for modern Sweden.
		Sweden invaded Norway to enforce the terms of the Kiel treaty.
		Sweden's predominantly agricultural economy shifted gradually from village to private farm-based agriculture during the Industrial Revolution, but this change failed to bring economic and social improvements commensurate with the rate of population growth.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/h/hi/history_of_sweden.html (855 words)

	Encyclopedia: History of Sweden
		Seal of Margaret I of Denmark 1381 and 1403 Margaret I Queen of Denmark and Norway, Regent of Sweden (1353 – October 28, 1412) was born in Vordingborg Castle, the daughter of Valdemar IV of Denmark and Helvig of Sonderjylland.
		King Charles XIV of Sweden, Charles III of Norway, or domestically Karl XIV Johan and Carl III Johan respectively, Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte (January 26, 1763 – March 8, 1844) was born at Pau, France, the son of Henri Bernadotte (1711–1780), procurator at Pau, and Jeanne St....
		Main article: Modernization of Sweden Politics in the New Riksdag See also: Riksdag The economic condition of Sweden, owing to the progress in material prosperity which had taken place in the country as the result of the Franco-German War, was at the accession of Oscar II to the throne on September 18, 1872 fairly...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-of-Sweden (4741 words)

	Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Conclusive archaeological evidence exists that the area now comprising Sweden was settled during the Stone Age, as the inland ice of the last ice age receded.
		In the south of Sweden leaf-bearing trees are prolific, in the north ferns and hardy birches dominate the landscape.
		Sweden has an extensive child-care system that guarantees a place for all young children from 2-6 years old in a public day-care facility.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/s/sw/sweden.html (2024 words)

	Swedish allotment system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the unification of Sweden in 1523, the infantry of the Swedish Army consisted of conscripted soldiers and enlisted mercenaries, both of whom would be called up in wartime only.
		During the time of the old allotment system, Sweden's involvement in the Thirty Years' War and the Northern Wars did not have a very large impact on the population in general.
		The armies of Sweden under Gustavus Adolphus and later Charles X had relatively large success due to the superior tactics used, and foreign mercenaries comprised large parts of the armies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swedish_allotment_system (3185 words)

	Unification of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The first union between Sweden and Norway occurred in 1319 when the three-year-old Magnus, son of the Swedish royal Duke Eric and of the Norwegian princess Ingeborg, inherited the throne of Norway from hisgrandfather Haakon V and in the same year was elected King ofSweden, by the Conventionof Oslo.
		Forced by the unruliness of the magnates to lean upon the middle classes, in 1359 the king summoned the first Swedish Riksdag, on which occasionrepresentatives from the towns were invited to appear along with the nobles and clergy.
		Finally, on his death in 1470, the threekingdoms were reunited under Christian II of Denmark,the prelates and higher nobility of Sweden being favourable to the union, though the great majority of the Swedish people alwaysdetested it as a foreign usurpation.
	www.therfcc.org /unification-of-sweden-155325.html (786 words)

	Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		It is bordered by Norway on the west and Finland in the northeast; the rest of it borders waters, as the Baltic Sea and Kattegat.
		Sweden subsequently broke away in 1523, when Gustav Eriksson Vasa, later known as Gustav I of Sweden re-established separation of the Swedish Crown from the union.
		Sweden remained a neutral country during World War I and World War II (with exception for the Winter War).
	usapedia.com /s/sweden.html (1390 words)

	4Reference \|\| Unification of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Under King Sverker I of Sweden (1134-1155), the grandson of Blotsweyn, who permanently amalgamated Svealand and Götaland, each of the two nations supplying the common king alternately for the next hundred years.
		Eric the Saint (1150-1160) organized the Church of Sweden on the model prevalent elsewhere, and undertook a crusade against the heathen Finlanders, which marks the beginning of Sweden’s overseas dominion.
		But the greatest medieval statesman of Sweden was Earl Birger, who practicaly ruled the land from 1248 to 1266.
	www.4reference.net /encyclopedias/wikipedia/Unification_of_Sweden.html (757 words)

	Kalmar Union
		Eric was deposed in 1438-1439 as the union king and succeeded by the childless Christopher of Bavaria.
		After the successful re-taking of Sweden by Christian II and the subsequent Stockholm bloodbath in 1520, the Swedes started yet another rebellion which ousted the Danish forces once again in 1521.
		In 1814 Denmark was forced to cede Norway to Sweden and this would in the middle of the 19th century give rise to the Scandinavian movement which sought to reunite the countries of the Kalmar Union, except Finland, under one monarch.
	usapedia.com /k/kalmar-union.html (560 words)

	SWEDEN.SE - Sweden and the United Nations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Sweden is among the countries that have trained and contributed the largest number of personnel to UN peacekeeping operations.
		Sweden is among the foremost advocates of UN reform.
		Sweden's representatives are participating in reform efforts related to such fields as conflict resolution, preventive diplomacy, strengthening of peacekeeping operations and expansion of Security Council membership.
	www.sweden.se /templates/FactSheet____4173.asp (3200 words)

	Sweden - Gurupedia
		Due to the relatively small number of inhabitants, Sweden's landscape is known for its peace and the large forests and mountainous wilderness.
		The 17th century saw Sweden emerge as one of the great powers in Europe, due to successful participation, initiated by King Gustavus Adolphus, in the Thirty Years' War.
		East of Sweden is the Baltic Sea and the
	www.gurupedia.com /s/sw/sweden.htm (1902 words)

	Unification of Sweden -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		But the greatest medieval statesman of Sweden, and one of the principal architects of its rise as a nation, was the (Click link for more info and facts about Earl Birger) Earl Birger, who practically ruled the land from 1248 to 1266.
		He is, amongst other accomplishments, attributed to the foundation of (The capital and largest city of Sweden; located in southern Sweden on the Baltic) Stockholm; but he is best known as a legislator, and his wise reforms prepared the way for the abolition of (The state of a serf) serfdom.
		Forced by the unruliness of the magnates to lean upon the middle classes, in 1359 the king summoned the first Swedish (Click link for more info and facts about Riksdag) Riksdag, on which occasion representatives from the towns were invited to appear along with the nobles and clergy.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/u/un/unification_of_sweden.htm (648 words)

	the Era of Globalisation
		With the accession of Finland and Sweden, the EU attained a 1,300 km.-long border with the Russian Federation.
		In Sweden's view, a reform of the CAP is a prerequisite for enabling European agriculture to become competitive on the global market, and generate increased economic growth and employment.
		Sweden believes it is important for the future that Turkey should be part of the area of stability created by the EU.
	www.hri.org /MFA/thesis/autumn98/globalisation.html (4053 words)

	The Aalands model
		The Russian emissary Roumiantzoff told Sweden's representative "to keep Finland without the Aaland Islands was the same thing as taking a safe of which one had thrown away the keys." By the Peace Treaty, signed at Fredrikshamn on September 17, 1809, Sweden ceded to Russia Finland as well as the Aalands.
		Sweden's delegate was asked whether he was prepared to negotiate with Finland guarantees for Aaland as proposed by the Rapporteurs.
		Sweden and Finland were to negotiate the guarantees; Sweden demurred but accepted the binding force of the Council's resolution.
	www.flonnet.com /fl2202/stories/20050128000808000.htm (4660 words)

	Family Federation for World Peace and Unification
		After two days of heavy rain the sun came out smiling as brothers and sisters in Sweden gathered at the Holy Ground in downtown Stockholm to celebrate the 40th.
		It was on July 24, 1965, that Father blessed Holy Grounds both in Sweden and Norway (Oslo) as part of his world tour.
		A Blessing ceremony where four couples attended, was held in Stockholm, Sweden, on July 25 as a part of the fifth stage of the 400 million couples´ Blessing.
	www.euro-tongil.org /europe/bbs/nations/se.htm (145 words)

	German Unification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The effects of a possible unification process would clearly not be limited to the lives of the German people.
		The makers of German unification pursued one overriding goal: all the effort they put, all the measures they took, and all the ideas they had within the framework of GEMSU they aimed at adjusting the standard of living in the East to that of the West.
		Unification was a promise: a promise of equal opportunities to all German citizens.
	www.fatemi.com /CONFERENCES/prey1.html (14211 words)

	Short information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Finland is to the east and Denmark lies to the south across the narrow waters of the SKAGERRAK, Kattegat, and Oresund.
		Sweden's political unification was completed about AD 1000, and it expanded to control a large empire around the BALTIC SEA region during the 16th and 17th centuries.
		The city of Kalmar in southeastern Sweden is situated on Kalmar Sound, opposite the island of Oland.
	hem.passagen.se /mrbd/old/kalmar.html (422 words)

	Encyclopedia: Riksdag of the Estates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Until its dissolution in 1866 the institution was the highest authority in Sweden next to the Swedish monarch.
		At the Riksdag in 1517 regent Sten Sture the Younger and the Privy Council pushed for the decision to depose archbishop Gustav Trolle, which started a chain of events that led to the Stockholm Bloodbath and eventually the dissolution of the Kalmar Union.
		At Söderköping in 1595, Duke Charles was elected regent over Sweden instead of King Sigismund, who was a Catholic and the monarch of both Sweden and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Riksdag-of-the-Estates (494 words)

	Sweden Wins at Poltava (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Sweden is at war with Russia and is holding Poltava under a very inefficient siege, mostly to buy time.
		Spain and France declare war UK Sweden is neutral at first but joins the UK after a promise of Spanish colonies Results of the war.
		Sweden have only 1 million men in defense there and they withdraw in face of the enemy.
	www.althist.com /sweden_wins_at_poltava.htm (2599 words)

	Kalmar Union
		The last structures of the Kalmar Union remained until 1536 when the Danish Privy Council, in the aftermath of a civil war, unilaterally declared Norway to be a Danish province, without consulting their Norwegian colleagues.
		In 1814 the king of Denmark-Norway was forced to cede Norway to the king of Sweden.
		In the middle of the 19th century, this would give rise to the Scandinavian movement, which sought to reunite the countries of the Kalmar Union, except Finland, under one monarch.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/k/ka/kalmar_union.html (672 words)

	SWEDEN.SE - Olof Palme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		As a child he suffered from poor health, received a great deal of his education at the hands of private tutors, studied at one of Sweden’s few residential high schools and matriculated with high marks and at the exceptionally early age of 17.
		In 1956, Tage Erlander made a speech in the Lower Chamber of the Riksdag (Parliament) and Olof Palme a speech in the Upper Chamber, referring to “the discontent of rising expectations”, growing impatience and heightened expectations, concerning people’s justified demands for reforms.
		Olof Palme always advocated a powerful defence establishment for Sweden, as a necessary prerequisite of our policy of neutrality, defined as non- participation in alliances in peacetime aiming at neutrality in the event of war.
	www.sweden.se /templates/FactSheet____4374.asp (5121 words)

	nordic unity - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The BNSP would like to see the eventual union of Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Britain, Ireland and Iceland and the creation of a Union of Aryan Republics (UAR) from these 7 countries.
		Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Iceland are not that Nordic.
		SNPA states Sweden as being 70% Nordic but others say that figure is too high.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=58438 (371 words)

	Svealand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Svealand is a historical land, and a separate kingdom, from the time before the unification of Sweden.
		Geographically it is located in middle Sweden, bounded to the north by Norrland and to the south of Götaland.
		The name of Sweden in Swedish, Svea rike(current spelling: Sverige) or the Realm of the Svear isbased on an anology to Svealand.
	www.therfcc.org /svealand-49285.html (171 words)

	Unification of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		It covers Sweden from the 12th century to 1523.
		2 The first union of Sweden and Norway
		It uses material from the wikipedia article Unification of Sweden.
	www.eurofreehost.com /un/Unification_of_Sweden.html (438 words)

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