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Topic: Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Rhodesia)

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Rhodesia

Unilateral Declaration of Independence

Humphrey Gibbs

The Great Betrayal

Zimbabwe Rhodesia

Southern Rhodesia

UANC

Rhodesian Front

Ian Smith

Winston Field

	Declaration of independence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand (1835) - This was a declaration of the independence of the Māori tribes.
		Declaration of Independence of Guinea-Bissau (1973) - Guinea-Bissau, formerly Portuguese Guinea, declared independence from Portugal in 1973.
		Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (1983) - The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was proclaimed in northern Cyprus in 1983.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Declaration_of_independence (1733 words)

	Wikinfo \| Declaration of independence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A declaration of independence is a proclamation of the independence of a newly formed or reformed country from part or the whole of the territory of another, or a document containing such a declaration.
		Declarations of independence are generally made by one side without the consent of the previous government, and hence are often called unilateral declaration of independence or UDI.
		In international law, unilateral declarations of independence are generally frowned upon, since preservation of territory is one of the few things that the countries of the world universally agree on.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Declaration_of_independence (989 words)

	UNILATERAL DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE (RHODESIA) FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) was signed on November 11, 1965 by the white minority regime of Ian Smith, whose Rhodesian Front party opposed rushed moves by the United Kingdom towards fl majority rule in the then British colony.
		It was a declaration of independence from the United Kingdom (though not from the British Sovereign, Queen Elizabeth II).
		Rhodesia reverted to ''de jure'' British control for a brief period in 1980, before becoming fully independent as Zimbabwe in the same year.
	www.delfiores.com /en:Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence_(Rhodesia) (1590 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Rhodesia: Unilateral Declaration of Independence Documents, 1965
		I repeat that the British Government condemn the purported declaration of Independence by the former Government of Rhodesia as an illegal act and one which is ineffective in law.
		On November 11 the racialist régime of Ian Smith proclaimed the "independence" of Southern Rhodesia.
		The creation of yet another centre of racialism-this time in Southern Rhodesia-is part of the overall plan of imperialist circles to erect an obstacle in the way, of the national liberation movement of the African peoples, the waves of which are drawing nearer and nearer to the last bulwarks of colonialism.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1965Rhodesia-UDI.html (2812 words)

	RaceandHistory.com - Unilateral Declaration of Independence
		It is the duty of everyone owing allegiance to the Crown in Rhodesia or elsewhere to refrain from all acts which would assist the illegal régime to continue in their rebellion against the Crown.
		When, nearly two centuries ago, the American States declared their independence from a British Government, which, to say the least, was remote, oppressive and unimaginative, they insisted that their actions be inspired by "a proper respect for the opinions of mankind." Nor were they alone in the world.
		These actions are aimed at perpetuating in Southern Rhodesia a colonial system based on inhuman oppression of the Zimbabwe people, four million strong, by a handful of racialists and on ruthless suppression of the lust struggle of this people for real independence, freedom and social justice.
	www.raceandhistory.com /Zimbabwe/indep.htm (2743 words)

	Operation AGILA, Rhodesia
		Rhodesia supplied more troops per head of population than any other country in the British Empire and understandably felt that they had paid for their own country (Rhodesia) in blood and sorrow, on behalf of the Mother Country.
		However in 1947, India gained her independence and from then on it was simply a question of time as to when each and every British Colony sought self determination.
		In April 1979 an election was held in Rhodesia in which 63 percent of the fl population voted, and on the 1 June 1979, Bishop Able Muzorewa was sworn in as the first fl Prime Minister of Rhodesia.
	riv.co.nz /rnza/tales/subritzky5.htm (3338 words)

	"International Recognition of a Unilaterally Declared Palestinian State: Legal and Policy Dilemmas" by Tal Becker
		In an effort to overcome the legal problems which undermine their claim, Palestinian representatives have argued that a unilateral declaration of statehood is not an unlawful act despite the existence of repeated undertakings not to alter the legal status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip pending the outcome of permanent status negotiations.
		In conclusion, a unilateral Palestinian declaration of statehood, which is not coordinated with Israel, constitutes a fundamental violation of repeated and legally binding undertakings to resolve outstanding issues by negotiation and to refrain from unilateral acts.
		Similarly, the unilateral declaration of statehood by the Turkish minority of Northern Cyprus has been rejected by the international community in part on the basis that it exceeds the rights afforded to this community by the self-determination principle.
	www.jcpa.org /art/becker2.htm (13243 words)

	Rhodesia
		Rhodesia was a sun-drenched country in southern Africa.
		Rhodesia had been a British Colony from 1923 and before that was ruled by a commercial company under a Royal Charter.
		He declared the independence of Rhodesia from British, the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) in 1965.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~kmori/zimbabwe/Rhodesia.html (410 words)

	Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was a semi-independent state in southern Africa that existed from 1953 to the end of 1963, comprising the former British colony of Southern Rhodesia and the Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland protectorates.
		A federation was intended to curtail the decisively larger European population of Southern Rhodesia's domination of the property and income-qualified franchise, one that excluded the vast majority of Africans.
		In 1927, the ratio of white to fl was 38,200 to 922,000 in Southern Rhodesia, 4,000 to 1,000,000 in Northern Rhodesia, and 1,700 to 1,350,000 in Nyasaland.
	rajputana.com /mediawiki/index.php/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland (3420 words)

	Mobley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Instead, on 11 November 1965, Salisbury (later Harare, the capital of Southern Rhodesia), issued a “Unilateral Declaration of Independence,” asserting the existence of the sovereign state of Rhodesia, under Prime Minister Ian Smith.
		Rhodesia had in the past received oil through three primary routes: by road, across the Beit Bridge from South Africa; by rail, through Mozambique from either South Africa or the port of Lourenço Marques (now Maputo); and by pipeline, carrying crude oil from Beira to the Rhodesian refinery in Umtali.
		As long as Britain attempted to reverse Southern Rhodesia’s unilateral declaration of independence, it would be committed to sanctions; as long as it was committed to sanctions, it was tied to UNSCR 221 and the Beira patrol.
	www.nwc.navy.mil /press/Review/2002/winter/art4-w02.htm (8740 words)

	british reaction to udi
		Rhodesia will no longer be allowed access to the London capital market.
		Rhodesia will be suspended forthwith from the Commonwealth Preference Area and her goods will no longer receive preferential treatment on entering the United Kingdom.
		Members of the armed forces and the police in Southern Rhodesia should refrain from taking up arms in support of the illegal régime, and from doing anything which will help them to pursue their unlawful courses.
	www.rhodesian.net /british_reaction_to_udi.htm (1100 words)

	Rhodesia - Rhodesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Rhodesia was the name of the British colony of Southern Rhodesia after 1964.
		The colony gained internationally recognised independence from Britain in 1980 and became the Republic of Zimbabwe.
		In 1953, with calls for independence mounting in many of its African possessions, the United Kingdom created the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (or the Central African Federation ['CAF']), which consisted of Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland (now Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi, respectively).
	abbe.blogsilla.com /Rhodesia (336 words)

	British Documents on the End of Empire series, Balogh International Inc., The Stationery Office, archival guides to ...
		November 11 2005 marks the 40th anniversary of Southern Rhodesia's unilateral declaration of independence, which led to a 15-year struggle for freedom before Southern Rhodesia became independent as Zimbabwe in 1980.
		Southern Rhodesia emerges as the Achilles heel of British colonial policy and the unilateral declaration of independence is plainly foreshadowed.
		Independence for any of the islands was not even contemplated until as late as 1959, and only then in the hope that it might never happen.
	www.balogh.com /british/empire.html (1972 words)

	Rhodesia Ops. Agila & Midford: Empire's Last Sunset
		In October 1965, Rhodesia's white Prime Minister, Ian Smith, held talks with Harold Wilson and when these broke down, the white Rhodesian government proclaimed Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence on the 11November 1965.
		The Rhodesia War From the moment UDI was declared Britain enforced sanctions on the Rhodesian government, and this slowly but surely tightened the noose around the everyday infrastructure of Rhodesian society.
		This recce group travelled the length and breadth of Rhodesia and gathered much vital information on how all three sides were conducting the war and where the various bases and camps were located.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-conflicts-periods/other/rhodesia.htm (3544 words)

	The Rhodesians
		Because Rhodesia was a settler colony, like Kenya or South Africa, the British governed it through direct rule.
		But in Rhodesia, the settlers made up a higher percentage of the population than in Kenya or Zambia or Malawi.
		Many white Rhodesians defended UDI (Unilateral Declaration of Independence) by comparing it to the United States' Declaration of Independence.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/african_history/60367/2 (418 words)

	Embassy of Rhodesia
		Claims to be the embassy of the former white minority state of Rhodesia.
		Documents on the history of Rhodesia, the Unilateral Declaration of Independence, diplomacy and the liberation war.
		Embassy of Rhodesia - Claims to be the embassy of the former white minority state of Rhodesia.
	www.wolist.com /wo/society/people/expatriates/rhodesian/395900.html (142 words)

	Unilateral Declaration of Independence
		That the people of Rhodesia have witnessed a process which is destructive of those very precepts upon which civilization in a primitive country has been built, they have seen the principles of Western democracy, responsible government and moral standards crumble elsewhere, nevertheless they have remained steadfast;
		That the Government of Rhodesia have for a long period patiently and in good faith negotiated with the Government of the United Kingdom for the removal of the remaining limitations placed upon them and for the grant of sovereign independence;
		Ian Douglas Smith - Prime Minister of Rhodesia and his Cabinet of Ministers, sign the Unilateral Declaration of Independence on 11th November 1965 in Salisbury, capital of Rhodesia.
	rhodesian.server101.com /unilateral_declaration_of_indepe.htm (350 words)

	The Herald : Letters to the Editor
		IF Mr Nyoka (Saturday Debate, December 7) intends turning his talents to the field of journalism it is essential he has the facts right.
		Independence was declared on November 11, 1965 — five years later than Mr Nyoka states.
		Whilst Mr Nyoka is enjoying his festive fare I ask that he turns his thoughts to the masses in Zimbabwe who will not have a crumb of any sort on their tables let alone a loaf of bread.
	www.theherald.co.za /herald/2002/12/20/edlets/edl04_20122002.htm (128 words)

	AIM25: Institute of Commonwealth Studies: Rhodesia: Unilateral Declaration of Independence
		Southern Rhodesia federated in 1953 with Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland with a view to achieving independence as a unified country.
		Britain rejected independence for the white Southern Rhodesia regime in 1964, and the government unilaterally declared independence (UDI) in 1965 as Rhodesia.
		British colonial rule was briefly reimposed in 1979 in order to achieve a settlement, and independence was granted in 1980 under fl majority rule as Zimbabwe.
	www.aim25.ac.uk /cats/16/4690.htm (233 words)

	Trafford Publishing: 'So Far and No Further!' Rhodesia's Bid for Independence during the Retreat from (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Ian Smith's unilateral declaration of independence for Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) on 11 November 1965 was seen by many as the act of a rebellious white minority seeking to preserve their privileged position in defiance of Britain's determination to shed her Empire and introduce rule by the African majority as soon as possible.
		Britain, Wood shows, was intent on shedding her Empire as quickly as possible against a backdrop of the Cold War and the rise of Chinese- and Soviet-sponsored African nationalism.
		She delivered some 600 one man, one vote constitutions to her fledgling nations and had no intention of granting Rhodesia independence on different terms.
	www.trafford.com /4dcgi/robots/04-2760.html (571 words)

	Unilateral Declaration Of Independence (rhodesia) - Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Rhodesia) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		We have compiled many new Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Rhodesia) resources to help you find the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Rhodesia) your looking for.
		A Historical study of precedents leading to the inevitable unilateral declaration of independence in Rhodesia
		Find unilateral declaration of independence rhodesia and more at Lycos Search.
	balbo.clubblogs.com /Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence_(Rhodesia) (405 words)

	Africa Stage: Team Dispatch - June 28, 1999
		He also let the British know that even though lots of countries in Africa were gaining their independence from European countries, he would never support Rhodesia's independence from Britain unless the Africans were given power by the whites.
		You've also told him very clearly that you will never grant Rhodesia independence until it shows it is on its way to letting the Africans have power of the government.
		Little did Smith know, however, that Harold Wilson would never declare war on Rhodesia under any circumstances because he feared his soldiers wouldn't fight against the whites there who they might see as being like their family.
	www.worldtrek.org /odyssey/africa/072899/072899teamudi.html (1110 words)

	BlackMag > Articles > Rhodesia proclaimed independence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mr Smith made the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) after days of tense negotiations with British Prime Minister Harold Wilson.
		In his address to the people of Rhodesia said he had taken the action, "so that dignity and freedom of all may be assured".
		British authorities were only prepared to permit independence on the basis of giving the Black majority population a fair share of power.
	www.blackmag.co.uk /blacknews/articles/zimbabwe.php (369 words)

	Humphrey Gibbs - TheBestLinks.com - Unilateral Declaration of Independence, Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesian Front, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Humphrey Gibbs - TheBestLinks.com - Unilateral Declaration of Independence, Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesian Front,...
		Humphrey Gibbs, Unilateral Declaration of Independence, Southern Rhodesia...
		The last British Governor of the colony of Southern Rhodesia, 1959-1961, notable for his defiant stance against the Rhodesian Front's Unilateral Declaration of Independence.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Humphrey_Gibbs.html (117 words)

	Naval War College Review: The Beira patrol: Britain's broken blockade against Rhodesia
		The Beira patrol had become too visible a component of London s commitment to the maintenance of United Nations sanctions aga inst its rebellious colony.
		In 1964, the two northern portions of the colonial Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland achieved independence as fl majority-controlled states--Malawi (once Nyasaland) in July and Zambia (the former Northern Rhodesia) in October.
		Whitehall therefore sought to treat its problems with Rhodesia as a conflict between metropole and colony.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0JIW/is_1_55/ai_87146676 (1150 words)

	Rhodesia - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Rhodesia
		Former name of Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) and Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia), in southern Africa.
		Oh, by the way, I heard of a rather good thing today, New Kleinfonteins; it's a gold mine in Rhodesia.
		As to you, sir, I trust that a bright future awaits you in Rhodesia.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Rhodesia (122 words)

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