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	Unilateralism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Unilateralism is a neologism, coined to be an antonym for multilateralism —the doctrine which asserts the benefits of participation from as many parties as possible.
		Unilateralism may be preferred in those instances when it's assumed to be the most efficient, i.e., in issues that can be solved without cooperation.
		Unilateralism, it is argued, can be considered nothing more than a positively-sold version of the very actions that would earn other states the title of aggressor or rogue nation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Unilateralism (736 words)

	Unipolar Versus Unilateral by John Van Oudenaren - Policy Review, No. 124 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		For Chirac and other French officials, American unilateralism was a product of the post-Cold War imbalance of power and the emergence of the United States as the world’s lone “hyperpower.” Multilateralism was to be both the ultimate objective of a French-led effort to restore a balance and the means by which to achieve it.
		Moreover, to identify multipolarity with multilateralism and unipolarity with unilateralism is to overlook the complexity of the U.S. foreign policy debate, reducing it to a one-dimensional conflict between unilateralists and multilateralists.
		To some extent, the much-decried unilateralism of the new administration was a matter of style, as Washington explicitly and in some cases harshly walked away from arrangements that the Clinton administration had never really embraced but could not bring itself to repudiate.
	www.policyreview.org /apr04/oudenaren.html (4223 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: Why Liberals Oppose Unilateralism by Lawrence Auster
		Unilateral action by a state can be good or bad, moral or immoral, successful or unsuccessful, just like any other type of action.
		Therefore to be against unilateralism per se is to be against the very possibility of nation-states behaving in a responsible and helpful way in the world.
		Liberals are against unilateralism for the same reason they are against fundamental individual freedoms such as the private ownership of guns.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=3123 (827 words)

	MIFTAH--90 years of unilateralism
		And in general, it is clear that there are no "unilateral" moves but what was once known as "a dialogue of deeds:" Each side answers a move by the other side with a move of its own, and this duel continues with bloodshed, until one or both of the sides is exhausted.
		It appears that the slogan of "unilateralism" based on the "lack of a partner" is meant to free them of the need to wrestle with the legitimate claims of the other side and to justify the use of - immeasurably greater - force by the Israeli side.
		Sharon represents classic "unilateralism" and he draws upon the long history of aggressive Zionism for the legitimacy that permits him to enjoy the support of the peace camp that lost faith and returned to the warm bosom of the old Zionist consensus.
	www.miftah.org /Display.cfm?DocId=8055&CategoryId=5 (900 words)

	What Is “Multilateral”? by John Van Oudenaren - Policy Review, No. 117 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		This clearly is a case in which multilateralism and unilateralism have ceased to have any real meaning, having become purely artifacts of voting rules, shifting membership, and the tactical calculations of the pro- and anti-whaling nations.
		This structural unilateralism is also enshrined in European jurisprudence, as the European Court of Justice (ecj) has upheld the European Commission’s contention that member states have an obligation to renounce or renegotiate treaties with third countries that conflict with the eu’s founding treaties as well as eu directives and regulations.
		While unilateralism undoubtedly exists in U.S. policy, it is not a new phenomenon, one that is unique to the United States, or one that in all cases is dysfunctional with regard to world order.
	www.policyreview.org /feb03/oudenaren.html (4857 words)

	January 2002 Imprimis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		American unilateralism has to do with the motives and the methods of American behavior in the world, but any discussion of it has to begin with a discussion of the structure of the international system.
		Indeed, the principal diplomatic activity of the U.S. for eight years was the pursuit of a dizzying array of universal treaties: the comprehensive test ban treaty, the chemical weapons convention, the biological weapons convention, Kyoto and, of course, land mines.
		The divide before us, between unilateralism and multilateralism, is at the end of the day a divide between action and inaction.
	www.hillsdale.edu /newimprimis/2003/january (2896 words)

	From The National Interest
		Critics of the new unilateralism often confuse it with isolationism, because both are quite prepared to unashamedly exercise American power.
		Unilateralism may be required to pursue this end.
		Unilateralism simply means that one does not allow oneself to be hostage to others.
	www.inthenationalinterest.com /Articles/Vol2Issue4/Vol2Issue4Krauthammer.html (1276 words)

	Matthew Baise on Unilateralism on National Review Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Unilateralism, a word presumed to have negative connotations, is a favorite of those who wish to heap shame on the U.S. for its carelessness of the feelings of other nations; that shame is leaking slowly into the American vocabulary.
		Unilateralism and multilateralism have been periodically pressed into service where necessary, but for no reasons other than national interest.
		In trying to understand how unilateralism became a dirty word, I polled several liberal acquaintances who all eventually made the same admission: They don't actually believe going it alone is always a bad idea.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/comment-baise031402.shtml (702 words)

	Unilateralism - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Unilateralism, ("one+side-ism") refers to a doctrine or agenda which supports one-sided action.
		Unilateralism is a neologism, coined to be an antonym for multilateralism —the doctrine which asserts the benefits of participation from as many parties as possible.
		Unilateralism, it is argued, can be considered nothing more than a positively-sold version of the very actions that would earn other states the title of rogue nations.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Unilateral (747 words)

	AlterNet: Note to Bush: We Need the World
		Unilateral social and military policies by the United States may unravel the one post-WWII trend the current Administration wants to continue: Economic globalization.
		The dire effects of U.S. unilateralism on the global economy suggest three windows of opportunity: The first is for the anti-globalization forces to change the financial architecture directing globalization.
		The second is for an ideological challenge to the Bush doctrine of unilateralism, Imperial America.
	www.alternet.org /story.html?StoryID=15695 (886 words)

	AlterNet: War on Iraq: Americans Say No to Unilateralism
		A new survey shows that a majority of Americans are firmly opposed to the core elements of the Bush administration's foreign policy, be it unilateralism or preemptive warfare.
		Despite his standing in the polls, George Bush's post-9/11 foreign policy views are broadly rejected by both the average American and by public leaders, according to a major new survey released Tuesday by the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations (CCFR).
		Majorities of both groups oppose states taking unilateral military action without authorization of the UN Security Council except in cases of genocide.
	www.alternet.org /waroniraq/20030 (1197 words)

	TAP: Vol 13, Iss. 14. Unilateralism Revisited. John B. Judis. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The isolationists of the 1920s did not reject overseas intervention; they just rejected intervening through alliances or on behalf of concerns that didn't reflect the most narrow and immediate definition of the national interest.
		Bush's unilateralism was on display before September 11 in his withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol on climate change and in his infatuation with national missile defense.
		Alternatively, the administration could have opted for a pre-emptive unilateral strategy against Saddam, declaring him a menace to American liberty and lives.
	www.prospect.org /print/V13/14/judis-j.html (1508 words)

	Pre-emption and Unilateralism
		Unsophisticated souls conclude that unilateralism is equivalent with the use of the pre-emptive prescription.
		FDR’s war was a direct result of bellicose interventionist intents, dubious ally deceit, internal treachery of ill-considered commitments, and an insatiable impulse to centralize and expand the size and scope of the federal government.
		A justifiable unilateralism would have been satisfied with internal development and domestic redress of nationwide issues.
	batr.org /gulag/111404.html (1506 words)

	Arms Control Association: Arms Control Today: Offense, Defense, and Unilateralism in Strategic Arms Control
		Unilateral measures are equally less constraining on the Russian force posture, of course, but U.S. proponents of unilateralism argue that Russian economic problems will preclude a rapid and unpredictable buildup of Russian nuclear weapons.
		While the cooperative unilateral approach seems possible in the case of strategic offensive forces, proceeding cooperatively on strategic defense is problematic.
		Its action, in turn, drew forth a unilateral moratorium declaration from Khrushchev, and the two sides were embarked on a process that led eventually to a series of nuclear test ban treaties.
	www.armscontrol.org /act/2001_09/gottemoellersept01.asp (5182 words)

	MIFTAH--Needed: Palestinian Unilateralism
		And if unilateralism is the flavor of the day, what should the response of Palestinians be.
		While seeking a bilateral agreement should continue to be the priority of leaders, one unilateral act no doubt provokes another.
		This should not be a source of worry with the new young King Abdullah who has clearly shown that he and his governments have absolutely no interest in regaining sovereignty for Jordan in the Palestinian areas.
	www.miftah.org /Display.cfm?DocId=4044&CategoryId=5 (856 words)

	The threat of US unilateralism
		Of course, the US has historically opted for unilateralism in terms of its global security policies, from the Monroe Doctrine to Reagan’s Evil Empire, but Bush’s “Axis of Evil” call and his pre-emption doctrine have added a new dimension to this ever more interventionist unilateralism.
		This psyche may allow US unilateralism and militarism to gain domestic support but the cost to the American nation in the long-term will be extensive.
		Unilateralism of the powerful in an era of global interdependence will be destructive for all of us.
	www.defencejournal.com /2002/july/threat.htm (2164 words)

	t r u t h o u t - Walter Cronkite \| American Unilateralism Alienates Allies, Isolates Us
		The unilateralism has been a virtual addiction - a constant in an otherwise inconsistent presidency.
		Bush's unilateralism has not confined itself to matters of war and peacekeeping.
		And finally, there is the reminder of another aspect of the Bush administration's unilateralism - its treatment of alleged terrorists being held incommunicado at Guantanamo, Cuba, without charges and denied the benefit of legal assistance.
	www.truthout.org /docs_03/112603E.shtml (762 words)

	Unilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy
		The issue before us today is “Unilateralism and U.S. Power?” The question acknowledges that some accuse the United States of unilateralism.
		Unilateralism, in the pejorative sense that permeates the current debate, is something quite distinct from U.S. power as it is exercised today.
		Unilateralism, properly construed, connotes reckless indifference to, if not contempt for, the needs and concerns of others.
	www.state.gov /g/rls/rm/2003/27418.htm (2316 words)

	Unilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Thus, it is now possible for the U.S. policy community to see the manner in which America’s unilateralism is perceived abroad, to appreciate some of the reactions that U.S. policies have stimulated in other countries, and to estimate the likely consequences of this dynamic for both U.S. national interests and international institutions.
		SHEPARD FORMAN: The volume that we are here to present today, Unilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy: International Perspectives, is the second in a series of a project on multilateralism and U.S. foreign policy that we began at the center in 1999 in, looking back, what is somewhat prescient fashion.
		Unilateralism in U.S. foreign policy was designed to expose U.S. policymakers and the public to the views of others, in this case to friendly critics.
	www.carnegiecouncil.org /viewMedia.php/prmTemplateID/8/prmID/933 (6712 words)

	The Hindu : India's positive unilateralism
		Positive unilateralism is a national strategy that tries to engineer a substantive shift in the difficult ties with another nation over the long term.
		In relation to Pakistan, this would call for both patience on the strategic objectives — end to cross-border terrorism and a normalisation of bilateral relations — and a relentless pursuit of small steps each of which will make at least a small difference to the lives of the people across the border.
		If the Government begins to think creatively, the strategy of positive unilateralism offers a huge number of diplomatic options to retain the political initiative vis-à-vis Pakistan and begin the process of chipping away at the compulsive hostility that dominates the military establishment in Pakistan.
	www.hindu.com /2003/10/27/stories/2003102704191100.htm (905 words)

	Confessions Of A Political Junkie: Unilateralism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		But instead of asking for their help, the President repeated the old formulas of his unilateralism, raising the risk for American soldiers and the bill to the American treasury.
		We must change a course of unilateralism and pre-emptive war that is radically wrong for America.
		I am also here to say that the price of unilateralism in Iraq is too high, and Americans are paying it — in resources that could be used for health care, education, and our security here at home.
	www.erickerickson.org /archives/001555.html (507 words)

	Why Liberals Oppose Unilateralism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		That's why they're against unilateralism of any kind, since inequality is by definition the basis of any free society that has ever existed.
		And if others think its the unilateralism of imperialism, two words spring to mind in response why we can and must act preemptively from now on to avert even the slightest sign of danger to our shores: 9-11.
		Unilateralism, by shunning any external criterion, presupposes that America is angelic, incapable of wrongdoing.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/752042/posts (4542 words)

	The Observer \| Special reports \| Paul Rogers: American unilateralism is back
		Much of the unilateral approach to international security had developed from policies pursued by the Republican majorities in Congress prior to President Bush's election.
		There was clearly no longer any interest in maintaining the Anti-Ballistic Missile treaty, there was opposition to an agreement to curb the weaponisation of space, and a markedly critical approach to UN talks on controlling the transfers of light arms.
		In an extraordinary demonstration of unilateralism this was accompanied, almost to the day, by the "ripple firing" of four Trident submarine-launched ballistic missiles.
	observer.guardian.co.uk /worldview/story/0,11581,643484,00.html (2264 words)

	Behind the Headlines
		But now that the cold war is over, and the great emergency is over, their fulsome support for intervention abroad, far from receding, has expanded until it has taken on the grandiose trappings of a full-blown delusional system: a symptom of unbalance that Krauthammer, a former psychiatrist, somehow fails to diagnose in himself.
		f the "new" unilateralism as explicated by Krauthammer triumphs, and his neoconservative buddies in the Bush administration have their way, then this is, indeed, our awful fate for years to come: endless intervention in an increasingly tumultuous and resentful world arena.
		The struggle between unilateralism and multilateralism is completely phony, because both lead inevitably to the same results: the endless expense of treasure and troops, in return for which we only garner increasingly resentment.
	www.antiwar.com /justin/j061301.html (3467 words)

	Unilateralism Dead? That's a Myth Perception
		The earlier accusations of unilateralism stemmed from the administration's actions on several treaties and international agreements.
		It hasn't altered its position on the Kyoto treaty or the test ban treaty or any of the other issues that were the basis of the earlier judgments.
		In a different way, the erroneous notion that the Bush team has "seen the light" and renounced unilateralism is harmful to liberal causes.
	www.commondreams.org /views01/1024-04.htm (822 words)

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