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	Union Carbide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Union Carbide Corporation, headquartered in Danbury, Connecticut, is a United States chemical manufacturer, now a subsidiary of The Dow Chemical Company.
		An initial investigation by Union Carbide experts reported that a large volume of water had apparently been introduced into the MIC tank and caused a chemical reaction forcing the chemical release valve to open and allowing the gas to leak.
		Union Carbide’s Response Efforts In the wake of the release, Union Carbide Corporation provided immediate and continuing aid to the victims and set up a process to resolve their claims.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Union_Carbide (1209 words)

	Bhopal disaster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was caused by the accidental release of 40 tonnes of methyl isocyanate (MIC) from a Union Carbide India, Limited (UCIL, now known as Eveready Industries India, Limited) pesticide plant located in the heart of the city of Bhopal, in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
		The Union Carbide plant was established in 1969 and had expanded to produce carbaryl in 1979; MIC is an intermediate in carbaryl manufacture.
		The CEO of Union Carbide at that time, Warren Anderson, who retired in 1986, was declared a fugitive from justice by the Chief Judicial Magistrate of Bhopal on February 1, 1992 for failing to appear at the court hearings in a culpable homicide case in which he was named the chief defendant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bhopal_Disaster (2133 words)

	The return of Union Carbide
		Union Carbide's principal commercial partner in the project is none other than the state-owned Indian Oil Corporation, whose Board of Directors recently approved the licensing of proprietary Union Carbide technology from its new owner, Dow Chemical, for its Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG) unit at its naptha cracker facility in Panipat, Haryana.
		Union Carbide is a wanted fugitive in India, where it faces criminal charges of "culpable homicide" for its role in perpetrating the Bhopal catastrophe that have remained pending since 1992, when the Bhopal District Court originally proclaimed the company an `absconder' x or fugitive from Indian law.
		The callousness of Union Carbide towards its victims may be gauged from the fact that the company continues to withhold medical and toxicological research on the leaked gases and chemicals even 20 years later on the grounds that this information constitutes a "trade secret".
	www.flonnet.com /fl2210/stories/20050520007009600.htm (1800 words)

	UNION CARBIDE
		Union Carbide is a leading manufacturer of polyethylene, the world's most widely used plastic.
		Union Carbide is an active member of the American Chemistry Council and a staunch supporter of the council's worldwide Responsible Care® initiative.
		Carbide recognizes that good corporate citizenship is essential to its continued success and encourages and supports community involvement through a number of efforts.
	www.americanplasticscouncil.org /apcorg/about_apc/members/unioncarbide.html (863 words)

	UNION CARBIDE CHEMICALS v. Shell
		Union Carbide is the assignee of the ’243, the ’343, and the ’481 patents.
		Union Carbide argues that even under the district court’s construction of the efficiency enhancing claim limitation, it is entitled to a new trial on the issue of Shell’s alleged infringement of the salt patents.
		Union Carbide did not file for JMOL on obviousness before the case was submitted to the jury.
	www.ll.georgetown.edu /federal/judicial/fed/opinions/02opinions/02-1001.html (9800 words)

	Bhopal Justice Page
		Union Carbide's toxic gas (methyl isocyanate) release in Bhopal, India, was a direct result of such circumstances.
		Union Carbide, a major multi-national chemical corporation, is of course, equally at fault.
		In an attempt to dodge liability for the lead, Union Carbide officially stated that the leak was the work of a disgruntled employee; and when that didn't work, they used their cargo trucks to haul away the dead bodies to play down the destruction of the incident.
	www.umich.edu /~snre492/lopatin.html (1729 words)

	UNION CARBIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the chronicles of history, Union Carbide will be remembered not for the economic opportunities which it has provided to individuals around the globe, but for its degradation of the environment and disregard for human live.
		While Union Carbide has never admitted to being directly responsible for the Bhopal plant disaster, the evidence clearly shows a lack of attention and awareness of the needed safety precautions.
		As expected, Union Carbide's response to the incident was to shift blame from itself and project it upon some other villain.
	webpages.marshall.edu /~ewen/UnCarb.htm (2539 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Programmes \| Bhopal \| Response: Union Carbide and Dow Chemical
		Union Carbide and Dow Chemical provided statements in response to research conducted for the BBC programme, One Night in Bhopal.
		Dow did not acquire the shares of Union Carbide until 16 years after the tragedy, 10 years after Union Carbide's legal settlement was affirmed by the Indian Supreme Court, and two years after the state government of Madhya Pradesh took control of the site.
		Union Carbide and the chemical industry as a whole learned many valuable lessons from this tragedy.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/programmes/bhopal/4023447.stm (1343 words)

	What happened in Bhopal?
		On the night of Dec. 2nd and 3rd, 1984, a Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India, began leaking 27 tons of the deadly gas methyl isocyanate.
		Both Union Carbide and its new owner Dow Chemical claim the data is a "trade secret," frustrating the efforts of doctors to treat gas-affected victims.
		Union Carbide also remains liable for the environmental devastation its operations have caused.
	www.bhopal.org /whathappened.html (1656 words)

	Union Carbide Corporation Collection
		Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Company, A Division of Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, South Charleston, West Virginia, September 1, 1954.
		Union Carbide History Project: A History of Low-Pressure Polyolefins, by J. Smith and J. Davison, April 1997.
		Union Carbide in the Nuclear Field of Endeavor, by Donald B. Trauger, July 1996.
	www.wvculture.org /history/ms2002-064.html (1401 words)

	PANNA: Dow Chemical, Union Carbide and Bhopal
		Union Carbide owned the pesticide plant in Bhopal, India, that in December 1984 was the site of the world's worst industrial accident.
		Union Carbide is growing in Asia and plans a major facility in Malaysia, while Dow is strong in Europe and South America." Dow Chemical produces pesticides and chemicals used in dry cleaning, paint and antifreeze and is a leading maker of caustic soda, chlorine, ethylene, polyethylene and polystyrene.
		Union Carbide, no longer a pesticide manufacturer, is the world's number one producer of ethylene oxide and ethylene glycol used to make polyester fibers and antifreeze, respectively.
	www.panna.org /resources/panups/panup_19990825.dv.html (673 words)

	UNION CARBIDE
		Long History of Violation Union Carbide is the first company in the US to violate laws relating to providing information on chemicals used in a facility.
		Union Carbide’s Toxic Legacy Nearly one-fifth of the exposed population of 5,00,000 today suffers from a whole host of maladies like lung fibrosis, impaired vision, bronchial asthma, TB, breathlessness, loss of appetite, severe body pains, painful and irregular menstrual cycles, recurrent fever, persistent cough, neurological disorders, fatigue, weakness, anxiety and depression.
		The arrested officials were lodged in the posh guest house of Union Carbide and Warren Anderson with an annual salary of Rs.10 million, was released on the same day on a bail of Rs.20,000.
	www.bhopal.net /oldsite/UCC25.html (1871 words)

	carbide-history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Union Carbide was capitalized at $6 million; its calcium carbide plants operated in Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan and Niagara Falls, New York; its main office was in Chicago.
		Union Carbide was fined $212,500 for producing a new chemical at its Sisterville, West Virginia plant.
		The EPA charged Union Carbide with failure to perform regular leak detection testing, and with failure to maintain records of boiler wastes such as mercury, lead, and beryllium; the charges stemmed from a December 1992 surprise inspection of the plant.
	www.endgame.org /carbide-history.html (6209 words)

	Union Carbide Foundation gift to WV State Museum
		Union Carbide Corporation and the chemical industry in West Virginia are inseparable.
		“Union Carbide has long been one of the major players in the chemical industry and it is most appropriate that they have stepped up to support this vital project.
		The Union Carbide Foundation is a $20 million charitable trust established to enhance the corporation’s commitment to be an involved citizen in the communities where its employees work and live.
	www.wvculture.org /museum/carbidegift.html (762 words)

	National Review: Bhopal is for lawyers - Union Carbide Corp. industrial accident
		The prospective lynching of the Union Carbide Corporation is merely the logical culmination of a process that has been going on for years.
		Union Carbide owns only half of its Indian affiliate; the other half is held by Indian nationals.
		But although the authorities allowed Union Carbide to keep nominal 51 per cent control, American experts quoted in the Times say that "majority ownership did not imply control.' In fact, the law of the land was specifically aimed at discouraging the sort of oversight that was needed.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_3599097 (672 words)

	TheStreet.com: Union Carbide Exceeds Estimates
		Union Carbide did not release a more detailed accounting of earnings and did not provide revenue data.
		Estimates had been raised on March 30, when Union Carbide said earnings would be higher than First Call's estimate at that time for earnings of 54 cents a share.
		In a statement, Carbide's chairman and chief executive William H. Joyce said the company's profitability was hurt by lower basic chemicals and polymers earnings, though the weakness was offset by changes in its pension plan and a reduction in its environmental-related costs.
	www.thestreet.com /brknews/general/927503.html (281 words)

	Bhopal Gas Tragedy: An Analysis
		Union Carbide itself believed the theory that the tragedy resulted when “ a disgruntled plant employee, apparently bent on spoiling a batch of methyl isocyanate, added water to a storage tank”(Browning).
		The government of India has sued Union Carbide for at least $3 billion in compensation for the victims of the leak of methyl isocyanate.(D4) This was iterated in the document titled Union Carbide: Disaster at Bhopal, written by Jackson B. Browning for the Union Carbide Corporation.
		He also noted that “Union Carbide had a contingency plan for emergencies” The people of UCC worked together, with the press and the ‘vital audiences’, in to help in dealing with the “terrible facts of the tragedy”.
	www.hu.mtu.edu /hu_dept/tc@mtu/papers/bhopal.htm (3343 words)

	CORPORATE PROFILE
		Carbide sold off many unprofitable plants, cut its white-collar workforce, and even shed its consumer divisions, such as the Eveready battery business, in the wake of Bhopal.
		By 1986, Carbide's new president, Robert D. Kennedy, was able to describe the changes as representing "one of the true comeback stories in the annals of business." The "successful restructuring" resulted in a "strong operating performance during the year," Kennedy stated in Carbide's 1986 annual report.
		In fact, Carbide is still mining uranium and exporting it for use in commercial nuclear reactors, although the company has abandoned other production aspects of the nuclear fuel and weapons cycle.
	multinationalmonitor.org /hyper/issues/1988/10/mm1088_10.html (731 words)

	U.S. -- Sajida Bano v. Union Carbide Corp.(2003.03.18)(Bhopal Gas Leak) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Defendants Union Carbide Corporation ("UCC") and Warren Anderson ("Anderson") move pursuant to Rules 12(b)(1), 12(b)(6)and/or 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure to dismiss Counts 9 through 15 of the Amended Complaint.
		Defendants contend that Union Carbide has not owned any stock in UCIL for over seven years and the Madhya Pradesh stategovernment has had exclusive ownership, possession and control of the land for nearly four years, including 1999, the yearin which Greenpeace first claimed to have found groundwater contamination at the former UCIL plant site.
		P 139 ("any statute of limitations is tolled on the grounds of fraudulentconcealment since Union Carbide, despite knowledge of the scale of contamination at the UCIL facility, not only failedto take remedial actions but withheld this information from publication.") Plaintiffs bear the burden of establishing thattolling applies.
	www.elaw.org /resources/text.asp?id=1746 (4292 words)

	US COURT RULING HAS NO BEARING ON UNION CARBIDE’S BHOPAL CRIMES
		NEW DELHI -- The recent dismissal of a lawsuit filed against Union Carbide by the victims of Carbide’s gas disaster in Bhopal, India, by a U.S District judge does not absolve the Dandury, Connecticut — based MNC of its toxic legacies and liabilities in Bhopal, said international environmental group Greenpeace.
		The case was dismissed on grounds that the victim’s claims are barred by a 1989 settlement where Union Carbide paid a pittance in damages for the gas disaster.
		But the evidence of Carbide’s crimes are still there in Bhopal for all to see in the form of hundreds of tons of poisonous wastes, hundreds of tons of liabilities" said Nityanand Jayaraman, Greenpeace’s toxics campaigner in India.
	archive.greenpeace.org /pressreleases/toxics/2000sep1.html (607 words)

	Rediff On The NeT: Bhopal victims sue Union Carbide
		However, to have the case moved to India, where damage awards are much lower, Union Carbide had to agree to submit to the jurisdiction of Indian courts.
		The suit alleges that Union Carbide and Anderson have violated that ruling by failing to appear in the Indian court concerned on criminal matters over the past seven years.
		The litigation stems from the December 2, 1984, disaster that occurred at Union Carbide of India's pesticide plant when a tank leaked five tonnes of poisonous methyl isocyanate gas into the air.
	www.rediff.com /news/1999/nov/16bhop.htm (587 words)

	PANNA: Union Carbide: Outlaw Corporation Acquired by Dow
		Union Carbide was also charged with neglecting oversight and responsibility at the plant, including plant maintenance.
		Carbide also asserted it had provided the appropriate training, and charged that the Indian subsidiary, UCIL, was responsible for safety and maintenance, with the government of India as its regulator.
		Finally, Carbide’s investigation had concluded that the MIC storage tank at the heart of the incident was sabotaged, a finding hotly disputed by many others.
	www.panna.org /resources/gpc/gpc_200412.14.3.06.dv.html (2109 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Fresh evidence on Bhopal disaster
		The accident at Union Carbide's pesticide plant in Bhopal in 1984 killed 8000 people immediately and injured at least 150,000.
		Dow Chemical, which took over Union Carbide, still insists that Carbide's Indian subsidiary was wholly responsible for the design and running of the plant.
		Carbide's 1972 memo specified that the US headquarters would either perform all design work for the plant, or approve designs done elsewhere.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn3140 (744 words)

	sci.engr.* FAQ on Failures: Union Carbide Bhopal
		When Union Carbide sent in a team to start the failure investigation, the team was stonewalled by the Indian government, which seized records and denied the team access to the plant, the records and the eyewitnesses.
		The failure investigation team of course cannot be held accountable for not presenting this stuff in their video, because it's likely to cast Union Carbide in somewhat of a bad light -- and one of the purposes of the video was to show the rigor of the failure investigation under some really bad circumstances.
		Survivors are protesting the merger of Union Carbide with Dow Chemical.
	www.tcnj.edu /~rgraham/failures/UCBhopal.html (1375 words)

	TheStreet.com: Union Carbide See Results Above Expectations
		In the same period a year ago Carbide's fourth-quarter earnings were $67 million, or 49 cents a share, which included a 31-cent-a-share boost from a patent litigation settlement.
		Union Carbide is currently slated to merge with Dow Chemical (DOW:NYSE).
		Union Carbide was up 15/16, or 2%, to 57.
	www.thestreet.com /pf/brknews/manufacturing/870096.html (167 words)

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