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Topic: Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)

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	Bulgaria (01/08)
		Bulgaria shares a border with Turkey and Greece to the south, Macedonia and Serbia to the west, Romania to the north, and the Black Sea to the east.
		As Bulgaria emerged from the throes of communism, it experienced a period of social and economic turmoil that culminated in a severe economic and financial crisis in late 1996-early 1997.
		Bulgaria is a member of the United Nations and in 2002-2003 served a 2-year term as a nonpermanent member on the UN Security Council.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3236.htm (3895 words)

	Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgarian: Съюз на демократичните сили, Saiuz na demokratichnite sili) is a political party in Bulgaria, founded in December 1989 as a union of eleven political ogranizations in opposition to the Communist government.
		The dissident groups that formed under the faltering regime of Todor Zhivkov in the late 1980s were the basis for the Union and once Zhivkov fell a loose political confederation was envisioned, where constituent groups continued to work for their own cause, while the coordinating council included three members from each organization.
		It was part of the United Democratic Forces that won in these 2001 elections 18.2% of the popular vote and 51 out of 240 seats.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Union_of_Democratic_Forces_(Bulgaria) (415 words)

	European Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For example, in the United Kingdom one poll suggested that around 50% of the population are indifferent to the European Union and 20% voted for parties that wanted to withdraw from the EU in the 2004 EU elections.
		Bulgaria and Romania are scheduled to become members on 1 January 2007, provided that they meet the conditions for membership and that the Treaty of Accession for the Republic of Bulgaria and Romania is ratified by parliaments of member states.
		Supporters of the European Union argue that the growth of the EU is a force for peace and democracy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/European_Union (6131 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Chronology for Turks in Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bulgaria's Supreme court confirms the election of an ethnic Turk as mayor of the southeastern city of Kardzhali in local polls in late 1995.
		Bulgaria’s parliament ratified a resolution for the protection of minorities, while also adopting another document stating that the ratification "by no means sanctions activities harming the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the unified Bulgarian state, its internal and international security," indicating that Bulgaria would not accept any degree of separatism.
		Bulgaria held a first round of municipal elections that, according to a spokesman for the electoral commission, had a turnout rate of 45 percent, the lowest turnout rate since Bulgaria’s first democratic elections in 1990.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=35501 (6967 words)

	Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bulgaria was ruled by the Byzantine Empire from 1018 to 1185 and the Ottoman Empire from 1396 to 1878.
		In 1879, Bulgaria adopted a democratic constitution and invited a German nobleman, Alexander of Battenburg, to be prince.
		Bulgaria has good relations with its neighbors and has proved to be a constructive force in the region under socialist and democratic governments alike.
	clinton4.nara.gov /WH/New/Europe-9911/background/bulgaria.html (3398 words)

	Bulgaria
		Bulgaria is a parliamentary republic ruled by a democratically elected government.
		President Zhelyu Zhelev, former chairman of the Sayuz demokratichni sili (SDS, Union of Democratic Forces), was elected in 1992 to a five-year term in the country's first direct presidential elections.
		During the Second World War, when Bulgaria was a Nazi satellite state, persecution of the Jews began with the Law for the Defence of the Nation, which was modelled on Nazi Germany's Nuremberg laws and adopted in January 1941.
	www.axt.org.uk /antisem/archive/archive1/bulgaria/bulgaria.htm (743 words)

	Bulgaria Albania KH Blum
		One major recipient of this largesse was the newspaper of the opposition Union of Democratic Forces, Demokratzia, which received $233,000 of newsprint, "to allow it to increase its size and circulation for the period leading up to the national elections".
		In Bulgaria, women demonstrated by banging pots and pans to signify the lack of food in the shops,{21} just as women had dramatically done in Chile, and in Jamaica and Nicaragua as well, where the CIA had also financed anti-government demonstrations.
		Trenchev's Podkrepa union was also being financed by the NED -- $327 thousand had been allocated "to provide material and technical support to Bulgaria's independent trade union movement Podkrepa" and "to help Podkrepa organize a voter education campaign for the local elections".
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Blum/BulgariaAlbania_WBlum.html (3186 words)

	Politics of Bulgaria
		Petar Stoyanov, the candidate of a united opposition coalition led by the Union of Democratic Forces (UDF), was nominated to run for President in the country's first primary election in June 1996.
		The country's first fully democratic parliamentary elections, in November 1991, ushered in another coalition government, which was led by the pro-reform Union of Democratic Forces (UDF) in partnership with the Movement for Rights and Freedoms (MRF).
		A caretaker cabinet appointed by the President served until pre-term parliamentary elections in April 1997, which yielded a landslide victory for pro-reform forces led by the UDF in the United Democratic Forces coalition.
	www.fastload.org /po/Politics_of_Bulgaria.html (977 words)

	News from Bulgaria / May 17, 96
		After a brief rise in approval in March, the two large trade union amalgamations, the Confederation of Indepentent Trade Unions in Bulgaria (CITUB) and the Podkrepa Labour Confederation, returned to their February rating, which is respectivelly 18 per cent for CITUB and 12 per cent for Podkrepa.
		Bulgaria, which is on the brink of financial and economic catastrophe, is signing a capitulation agreement with the IMF and the World Bank because of the Government's monetarist approach to the transition process, says Krustyo Petkov, President of the influential Confederation of Independent Trade Unions in Bulgaria (CITUB), in "Troud".
		Prior to the voting, the majority rejected a proposal of MP Dimiter Ivanov of the opposition Union of Democratic Forces (UDF) to reinstate the coat of arms used until 1947 when Bulgaria was a monarchy.
	www.hri.org /news/balkans/bta/1996/96-05-17.bta.html (3128 words)

	Bulgaria and NATO: 7 Lost Years (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bulgaria's actions and policies on military reform between 1990 and March 1997 left the country's institutions and military largely unprepared for integration with the Alliance.
		Bulgaria has held democratic elections and exhibited a peaceful transfer of power from the Bulgarian Communist Party under Todor Zhivkov to the Union for Democratic Forces (UDF) in 1991.
		Bulgaria's experience over the past seven years has shown that the executive has control of the military, but changes in the government have resulted in a declining, rather than increasing, number of members of parliament who have the experience to exercise legislative oversight of the defense community.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/strforum/SF142/forum142.html (2918 words)

	Bulgaria - The Union of Democratic Forces
		The Union of Democratic Forces (UDF--Bulgarian Sayuz na Demokratichnite Sili--SDS), which emerged as the chief opposition faction to the BCP after 1989, was a motley coalition of several major and many minor parties and groups.
		By March 1990, the coalition's main goal was clearly stated: to push the interim National Assembly to draft a democratic constitution and urgent reform legislation as quickly as possible, over the opposition of remaining BSP hardliners and noncommunist splinter groups.
		In spite of conciliatory efforts by the coordinating council, the effective united front that had forced major concessions from the BSP in 1990 seemed less potent in 1991.
	countrystudies.us /bulgaria/49.htm (936 words)

	NATO Research Fellowships 1994-1996
		It is clear that the MPs from the different parliamentary political forces were quite heterogeneous, the BSP majority coming predominantly from the former political and administrative elite, whereas the opposition comprised mostly people from the free professions, dissidents, and repressed by the communist regime.
		At that, their main problem was establishment of political democratic institutions, while the "transformers" must have been thinking in the categories of structural adjustment of the economy, besides keeping a definite position in power.
		Besides, even though part of the forces pledge their commitment to freedom and democracy, the latter does not seem conceived of as parliamentary democracy, to judge from the "rating" of "parliament" in the campaign platforms.
	www.nato.int /acad/fellow/94-96/dimitrov/04-02.htm (5154 words)

	Bulgarian Voting Stuns Opposition
		Sofia, the capital, was captured by the Union of Democratic Forces, while the Turkish Rights Movement won in Razgrad and Kirdzhali, two regions where ethnic Turks make up a majority.
		But the rejection by the Union of Democratic Forces, a group made up of 16 parties and movements, means the Socialists' narrow majority will be put under considerable pressure.
		The victory by the former Communists in Bulgaria, the last country in Eastern Europe to hold free elections, was in part a reflection of people's reluctance to embrace change, some people here said.
	partners.nytimes.com /library/world/europe/061290bulgaria-vote.html (898 words)

	Bulgaria
		Bulgaria lost the war and all the territory it had gained in the First Balkan War.
		Bulgaria fought on the side of the Nazis in World War II, but after Russia declared war on Bulgaria on Sept. 5, 1944, Bulgaria switched sides.
		Bulgaria: Government - Government Under the constitution of 1991 Bulgaria is a parliamentary republic with an elected...
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0107365.html (962 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		According to Sofiyanski, Bulgaria has run out of resources and needs funds which are possible to be obtained from accelerating privatization and external loans.
		UDF IN FAVOUR OF BULGARIA'S ENTRY INTO EU, NATO Sofia, February 16 (BTA) - Bulgaria's biggest opposition formation, the Union of Democratic Forces (UDF), declared it is in favour of this country's full membership in the European Union and NATO.
		Delegates to the conference assigned the newly elected UDF leadership to draft the Union's election platform on the basis of the political programme approved at the forum.
	www.b-info.com /places/Bulgaria/news/97-02/feb17.bta (4329 words)

	History of Modern Bulgaria: Post Communist Era and Democratic Reforms
		Petar Stoyanov, of the Union of Democratic Forces, was elected president in 1996, and his party won parliamentary elections held in 1997; Ivan Kostov became premier.
		This turn of events was not totally surprising as Bulgaria lacked a strong dissident movement, not to mention a well-organised opposition, such as the Solidarity movement in Poland.
		A former Supreme Court judge, Dimitar Popov, was appointed to lead a caretaker government of experts in which many BSP, Union of Democratic Forces (UDF) and Agrarian figures took part-as individuals rather than party representatives-with the BSP having a majority of ministers but the UDF holding key economic portfolios.
	www.geocities.com /nbulgaria/bulgaria/history6.htm (1351 words)

	[Prishtina-l] Bulgaria invites Thaci. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bulgaria invites Kosovo's Thaqi to boost ties REUTERS SOFIA, Jan. 28 — Bulgaria's ruling Union of Democratic Forces (UDF) has invited Kosovo Albanian leader Hashim Thaqi to visit in a move intended to boost Balkan cooperation, Prime Minister Ivan Kostov said on Friday.
		Bulgaria was among the first to urge revision of sanctions imposed on Serbia,'' said Kostov.
		Bulgaria said they should be revised, while Albania said any relaxation would play into the hands of Yugoslav strongman Slobodan Milosevic.
	www.alb-net.com /pipermail/prishtina-l/2000-January/000380.html (441 words)

	Union of Democratic Forces - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Union of Democratic Forces is the name of:
		Union of Democratic Forces (Republic of the Congo)
		This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Union_of_Democratic_Forces (98 words)

	Ivan Kostov (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Kostov was elected chairman of the UDF Union of Democratic Forces quick summary:
		He is widely credited with turning around his country's fortunes and establishing a path towards Bulgaria's complete integration with the West.
		The european union or eu is an intergovernmental and supranational organisation of european countries, which currently has 25 member states....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/iv/ivan_kostov.htm (734 words)

	Main Events of Bulgarian History, by Neytcho Iltchev
		Golden Age of Bulgaria: Simeon the Great (b.864; 893-927) accomplishes the greatest cultural achievements and territorial power with an outlet to the three seas - the Aegean, Black and Adriatic; in 913 he is crowned as the 'Emperor of the Bulgarians and Romans' by Patriarch Nicholas in Constantinople (
		The king of Volga Bulgaria Almus invites a mission from the Caliph of Baghdad al-Muktadir for explaining Islamic laws; Ibn Fadlan heads the mission and presents the king with gifts; the account of his journeys with the embassy, Risala; and the legend of the trip,
		Tsar Kaloyan restores the mighty power of Bulgaria; it stands out again as a major power in East Europe; the army of the Latin emperor Baldwin of Flanders is crushed near Adrianople (1204) and he is taken as a prisoner (chronique of G.
	www.geocities.com /nbulgaria/bulgaria/history0.htm (1494 words)

	Bulgaria Links
		General Albania Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Hungary Macedonia Poland Romania Serbia Montenegro Slovakia Slovenia
		Based in Bulgaria, SEEOD Network focuses on organizational development and connecting professionals in the field.
		TOL covers the states of East Central Europe and the former Soviet Union, providing news and analysis with a local angle.
	web.ku.edu /~herron/europe/bulgaria.php (866 words)

	HRW World Report 1999: Bulgaria:Human Rights Developments
		Though the non-communist Union of Democratic Forces government, elected in 1997, gave rhetorical support to improving its protection of human rights, its actions revealed unwillingness and inability significantly to change legislation or provide adequate remedies for victims of abuse.
		Bulgaria’s death row prisoners have complained to the European Court of Human Rights about the length of their stay on death row.
		The rights to representation and prompt challenge of the lawfulness of detention are not guaranteed by the code of penal procedure and were routinely violated.
	www.hrw.org /hrw/worldreport99/europe/bulgaria.html (810 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Q&A: Bulgaria votes
		Bulgaria is holding a parliamentary election, with opinion polls predicting defeat for Prime Minister Simeon Saxe-Coburg's ruling coalition.
		The Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) was founded in 1990 as an alliance of newly formed right-wing parties.
		The SDS is contesting the elections as leader of the United Democratic Forces coalition (ODS), which includes five other smaller parties.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/4619093.stm (613 words)

	[No title]
		A right-wing coalition, the Union of Democratic Forces (UDF), held 51, and the Movement for Rights and Freedoms (MRF), representing Bulgaria's 800,000 Muslims, mainly ethnic Turks, won 12 seats.
		While Prime Minister Simeon Saxe-Coburg's policies had indeed boosted Bulgaria's economy, he has been criticized for failing to deal with corruption, organized crime and poverty in a country where the average monthly salary is around 200 euros.
		The OSCE praised the elections, which demonstrated the credibility of the election process in Bulgaria, but criticized the government's direct role in financing and organizing the lottery against the wishes of most political parties and electoral commission staff.
	www.ipu.org /parline-e/reports/2045_E.htm (723 words)

	Bulgaria - Atlapedia Online (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is bound by Romania to the north, Macedonia and Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia Rep.) to the west, Turkey to the southeast, Greece to the south and the Black Sea to the east.
		In Nov. 1946 Georgi Dimitrov, communist leader, became head of government and Bulgaria adopted a constitution modeled on that of the Soviet Union.
		During the 1970's and 1980's Bulgaria worked to improve relations with other Balkan countries, it established limited trade and cultural ties with Western nations and continued to support the Soviet Union.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/bulgaria.htm (1356 words)

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