
	Where results make sense

Topic: Union of Horodlo

Related Topics

Polish Heraldry

Szlachta

In the News (Tue 22 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	A Historiographic Survey of Lithuanian-Polish Relations - B. Dundulis
		The union was a praiseworthy solution of problems in the relations between nations and states, offered by Poles, which satisfied all the proper requirements of the unified lands and led to the creation of the empire of the Jagiellonians.
		The union, he alleged, safeguarded the ethnic foundations of Lithuania — he passes over in silence the polonization which followed the union — unified her internally, and raised her to a higher level by placing her in the sphere of Western culture.
		Union with Poland was caused by the weakening of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
	www.lituanus.org /1971/71_4_01.htm (9184 words)

	Poland - LoveToKnow 1911
		The mere instinct of self-preservation had, at last, drawn the Poles and Lithuanians together against these ruthless and masterful intruders, and the coronation of Jagiello at Cracow on the 15th of February 1386, was both a warning and a challenge to the Knights.
		This solidarity was still further strengthened by the Union of Horodlo (October 2, 1413) which enacted that henceforth Lithuania was to have the same order of dignitaries' as Poland, as well as a council of state, or senate, similar to the Polish senate.
		The union of Lublin, which led to the polonization of Lithuania, was the immediate occasion of a considerable exodus to the lowlands of the Dnieper of those serfs who desired to escape from the taxes of the Polish government and the tyranny of the Polish landlords.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Poland (15908 words)

	Polish History - Part 4
		The Union was concluded at Krewo in 1385.
		The Union was substantiated by economic and social reasons: the aspiration of merchants toward developing far-ranging trade; the Polish magnates sought expansion by settling the Ruthenian lands; Lithuanian princes and boyars sought to bring Polish political patterns to Lithuania.
		Following the short-lived dynastic union of Poland and Hungary (1440-1444), Casimir the Jagiellon's son, Ladislaus, sat on the Czech throne in 1471 and on the Hungarian in 1490.
	www.poloniatoday.com /history4.htm (1589 words)

	Republic Of Lithuania - LoveToKnow 1911
		Alone the Pan-Polish party reverted irreconcilably to the historic solution of union or federation with Poland.
		The initial difficulties of setting up an administrative machine on national lines were the greater as the troops of the occupying Power, affected by the revolution which had broken out in Germany, engaged in pillage and highway robbery, which a national militia as yet barely armed had to suppress.
		Grinius (Peasants' Union); Minister of Finance, Trade and Commerce and Communications, E. Galvanauskas (non-party); of Foreign Affairs, Dr. J.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Republic_Of_Lithuania (3603 words)

	Lithuania
		Besides their common warfare against the Teutonic Order, the fusion of the two peoples was furthered by the Assembly of Horodlo on the Bug, in 1413, at which the earlier union was renewed, and a large number of the Lithuanian boyars were admitted into the Polish nobility, receiving identical privileges.
		The union was formally dissolved when, on the death of Casimir IV, in 1492, the Lithuanians chose his fourth son, Alexander, as their grand-duke, and the Poles elected his third son, John Albert, their king.
		The union was proclaimed in July of the same year, and confirmed on oath by both parties.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/l/lithuania.html (1813 words)

	Ladislaus Jagiello (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		He was the founder of the Jagiellonian dynasty, and as king opened a new epoch in the history of Poland, a central European country with close ties with western, Latin civilisation.
		Through Ladislaus Jagiello, Poland entered into a union with Lithuania, a country covering a vast territory between the Baltic and the Black Sea, inhabited by a mixture of pagan Lithuanians and Orthodox Christians in the Rus territory captured by Lithuania.
		This union served an important political aim: of checking the expansion of the Order of the Teutonic Knights who were defeated by the combined Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian forces at Grunwald on 15 July 1410.
	artyzm.com /matejko/poczet/e_jagiello.htm (172 words)

	The Union with Lithuania
		After a fierce civil war among the various factions which desired to restore one of the native princes to the throne, the youthful Jadwiga was crowned as the sovereign of Poland on October 15, 1384.
		The enemies of Poland and Lithuania were quick to perceive that this union of the two countries was against their interests and decided to bring about its disruption.
		When the union with Poland was restored he realized that he had made a bad bargain and demanded the return of the province.
	freepages.history.rootsweb.com /~koby/political/chapter_05/05union.html (2455 words)

	Battle of Grunwald, about ; links
		Before their marriage in 1385 in Kreva, a dynasty union was signed between Lithuania and Poland, according to which the Great Prince also became the Polish king and ruled the two countries.
		According to the Kreva union, both countries still had their independent internal governments, but defense and international affairs were united.
		In the Polish-Lithuanian union, Lithuania was stronger and bigger, and the cultural development was also higher in Lithuania.
	grunwald.iatp.by /eng1.htm (2788 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Most szlachta, since at least the 12th century, were not related and their unions were mostly voluntary and based on followership and brotherhood rather than kinship.
		Under the Union of Horodlo (1413), the noble families of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, such as the Mielzynskis, were adopted en masse into the various Polish noble clans and began to use Polish coats of arms.
		Following the union between Poland and Lithuania, and the creation of the elective monarchy, it became customary to place the coats of Poland and Lithuania diagonally, with the coat of arms of the specific monarch placed centrally on top.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Polish_Heraldry (1519 words)

	Poland Is Pushed Closer to the Edge
		HORODLO, Poland, 19 April 2004 — Come May Day, the edge of Europe will be a red-and-white, diagonally painted concrete column, with a white eagle and the word Polska on it; dug into the pine and birch woodland skirting the Bug River, it divides Poland from Ukraine, new West from new East.
		Indeed, the demographic engineering of Horodlo puts it at some bitter kernel of twentieth-century history.It was in Horodlo, in 1413, that a great power was forged by treaty, not war, binding Poland and Lithuania to create the biggest country in medieval Europe.
		Indeed, the quiet of evening in Horodlo belies the scene on the riverbank a little to the north, at Dorohusk: A hinge on a burgeoning trade corridor connecting Berlin to Moscow via Warsaw and Kiev.
	www.arabnews.com /?page=9§ion=0&article=43383&d=22&m=4&y=2004 (620 words)

	Outline 7
		Instead, union with Lithuania, 1386 by means of marriage of Jadwiga to the Lithuanian king Jogailo (Jagiello).
		With Jadwiga's death in 1399, and no heir, the Union of Krewo could have been dissolved, but it was continued.
		1569 Union of Lublin joined the two states in a noble republic or commonwealth, under one elected king, with common army and foreign policy.
	www.pitt.edu /~irinal/hist200/outline8.html (1014 words)

	The Hindu : International : Poland is pushed closer to the edge
		Indeed, the demographic engineering of Horodlo puts it at some bitter kernel of twentieth-century history, between Holocaust and Cold War: in 1939 the village was one-third Jewish, one-third Polish and one-third Ukrainian.
		It was in Horodlo, in 1413, that a great power was forged by treaty, not war, binding Poland and Lithuania to create the biggest country in medieval Europe.
		Indeed, the quiet of evening in Horodlo belies the scene on the riverbank a little to the north, at Dorohusk: a hinge on a burgeoning trade corridor connecting Berlin to Moscow via Warsaw and Kiev.
	www.hindu.com /2004/04/19/stories/2004041900471700.htm (1015 words)

	Union of Horodlo - Definition, explanation
		The Union of Horodło was a set of acts introduced in the town of Horodło in 1413.
		It amended the earlier Polish-Lithuanian Unions of Krewo and Wilno-Radom by further unification of the Polish-Lithuanian state.
		According to the act of the union, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was to retain a separate Grand Duke and its own parliament.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/u/un/union_of_horodlo.php (217 words)

	Antoni Choloniewski
		It was her liberties that drew to Poland these foreign territories and cemented these unions into an inseparable whole, that later gave proof of a cohesion rarely seen in the history of peoples.
		Poland in concluding the act of Union with Lithuania laid down the principle, immortal in its simplicity: "uniting the free with the free and equals with equals".
		Union of Lithuania and Poland was a work of the greatest importance not only because of the extent of the territory involved (Lithuania being almost as large as France), but also because of the historical value of such an act.
	www.stjoenj.net /spirit.html (10513 words)

	Jagiellons
		Union of Krewo: betrothal of Jadwiga, King of Poland and Jagiello, Prince of Lithuania; baptism of Lithuania
		Union of Horodlo; stronger ties between Poland and Lithuania
		Transfer of Ukraine to the Kingdom of Poland: Union of Lublin further strengthens the ties between Poland and Lithuania.
	www.wsp.krakow.pl /nkja/literature/polpoet/jagiel.htm (116 words)

	CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS 1180-1572
		Z August addressed the massed Lithuanian boyars at a camp in Witebsk, to raise further taxes, and in return the "sejm polny" elaborated a programme for union: based on joint royal election, joint sejm, with a separate administration for the Gd Duchy maintained.
		The Polish-Lithuanian Union was the result of the threat presented by Muscovy.
		New Lithuanian deputies were elected and appeared in Lublin at the beginning of June, and on 1 July 1569 an oath was sworn by all sides to maintain the union, now based on a joint King and Sejm.
	www.arts.gla.ac.uk /Slavonic/staff/Szlachta.html (2093 words)

	Renaissance Developments
		It was much more than a union of Poland and Lithuania under the dynasty founded by Jogaila—in Poland called Jagiello—a union which for two more centuries survived the extinction of that royal family in 1572.
		On the Baltic shore the Union was gradually enlarged through the inclusion of the German colonial states in Prussia and Livonia either directly or in the form of fiefs.
		Another result of Grunwald was a strengthening of the Union, evidenced in a new series of charters which were issued at Horodlo in 1413.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /wooton/34/halecki/8.htm (5124 words)

	O13064333 - Online Information article about O13064333
		UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)
		The Union of Horodlo also established absolute parity between the nobility of Poland and Lithuania, but the privileges of the latter were made conditional upon their profession of the See also:
		fourth son, as their grand-duke, without even consulting the Polish senate, in flagrant violation of the union of Horodlo.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /NUM_ORC/O13064333.html (5923 words)

	Union of Horodło - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pact of Horodlo or Union of Horodło was a set of acts introduced in the town of Horodło in 1413.
		It amended the earlier Polish-Lithuanian Unions of Krewo and Vilnius-Radom by further unification of the Polish-Lithuanian state.
		According to the act of the union, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was to retain a separate Grand Duke and its own parliament.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Union_of_Horod%C5%82o (292 words)

	E-Books : Austria-Hungary and Poland, A Short History of: 23: Early History of Poland - Historical Text Archive
		Ziemovit aimed at the Polish crown, proposing to marry the infant princess Jadwiga of Hungary, who, as the daughter of Louis the Great and the grand-daughter of Wladislaus Lokietek, had an equal right, by inheritance, to the thrones of Hungary and Poland.
		He instinctively recognized not only the vital necessity of the maintenance of the union between the two states, but also the fact that the chief source of danger to the union lay in Lithuania, in those days a maelstrom of conflicting political currents.
		The first symptom of this lawlessness was the separation of Poland and Lithuania, the Lithuanians proceeding to elect Alexander Casimir's fourth son, as their grand duke, without even consulting the Polish senate, in flagrant violation of the union of Horodlo.
	www.historicaltextarchive.com /books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=2&cid=23 (6773 words)

	The Great Dynasties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		On accession to the throne Aleksander was obliged to issue a new act of union, the Act of Melnik (1501), which stipulated that the king of Poland would also be the Grand-Duke of Lithuania (thus the Jagiellonians lost their hereditary rights in Lithuania).
		The Polish szlachta had been enthusiastic for a strengthening of the union between Poland and Lithuania for some time but the immensely rich and powerful Lithuanian magnates, serving only their own interests, were opposed to such a union.
		In July 1569 the inevitable happened: the Union of Lublin was a formal union of Poland and Lithuania; the “Rzeczpospolita” (the Republic of Nobles) with one elected head (the King) and a national parliament (the Sejm).
	www.kasprzyk.demon.co.uk /www/GreatDynasties.html (7091 words)

	historia
		Due to its location Lublin was transformed from being a border town to a city in the central part of the Union lands.
		It is said that the noblemen misbehaved themselves and caused considerable grief to the friars.
		In 1863 a very picturesque celebration of the Horodlo Union took place on its 450th anniversary (1413).
	www.dominikanie.lub.pl /english/historia.htm (1417 words)

	Polish and Russian Political History - Ivan III And The Sons Of Casimir, 1462-1506
		The Lithuanians, in direct violation of the Union of Horodlo, had, a month earlier, elected John Albert's younger brother, Alexander, their Grand Duke.
		This union was first proposed by Pope Paul II, through Cardinal Bessarion, as a means of establishing papal influence in Moscovy.
		He was not permitted to enter Moscow till his processional crucifix had been hidden in his sledge; and when, the day after the wedding (November 12, 1472), he began to speak of the union of the churches, he was hustled out of the country.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles11/slavic-europe-3.shtml (5520 words)

	Timeline Lithuania to 1929
		1418 Feb 25, At the Constance church synod the Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Lithuania, Gregory Camblak, proposed a union between the Orthodox and Catholic church.
		She was deported to the Soviet Union for inciting World War I draft riots in New York.
		A Non-aggression Treaty was signed with the Soviet Union and Lithuania’s right to Vilnius, which was under Polish occupation, was recognized.
	timelines.ws /countries/LITH_A.HTML (9427 words)

	Polish and Russian Political History - Introductory
		In 1386 she was married to Jagiello, Grand Duke of Lithuania, who, three days previously, had been baptised and crowned King of Poland at Cracow, under the title of Wladislaus II.
		The union of Poland and Lithuania, as two independent States under a common King, had been brought about by their common fear of the Teutonic Order.
		One important result of this war was the Union of Horodlo (Oct. 2, 1413) for the purpose of binding Poland and Lithuania still more closely together.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles11/slavic-europe-1.shtml (3491 words)

	Articles index started with un
		Union of Slavic Churches of Evangelical Christians and Slavic Baptists of Canada
		Union of the Baptist Christians in the Republic of Macedonia
		Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers of Russia
	www.kiwipedia.com /un-index.html (952 words)

	Polish Facts and Figures in World War II, Part II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In this Act the union of Poland with Ukraine, Ruthenia, Podolia and Volynia was also achieved.
		This social security legislation was one of the first steps taken by reborn Poland and labor unions were recognized by act of Parliament in 1919.
		Some of the social measures adopted by the First Polish Parliament in 1921, were voted by the French Parliament in 1935 during the period of social reconstruction under the Premiership of Leon Blum.
	www.republika.pl /unpack/1/dok02b.html (2392 words)

	Poland - Chronology of Events - ATPC
		For those who stayed, they were to be confronted with their homeland being a battle field for the powers of WWI and WWII, only be followed by a period of domination under the Soviet Union.
		1413: The Treaty of Union at Horodlo is established.
		1569: Union of Lublin strengthens Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~atpc/heritage/history/chronology.html (2200 words)

	Vytautas the Great - Definition, explanation
		After participating in several raids against Jogaila, he reconciliated with him later and participated in the signing of Union of Krewo with Poland in 1385, and was baptised in 1386 in the Catholic rite (he was also earlier baptised in the Orthodox rite), receiving the name Alexander.
		After being defeated by the Golden Horde at the Battle of Vorskla in 1399, he again improved relations with Poland, resulting in the union of Vilnius-Radom in 1401.
		He was one of the creators of union of Horodlo with Poland (1413).
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/v/vy/vytautas_the_great.php (601 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)