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Topic: Union of Lublin

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Union of Krewo

Union of Kedainiai

Republic of Both Nations

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Lublin

Jagiellonian dynasty

History of Lithuania

History of Poland

May 3rd Constitution

Jakub Swinka

Polish Diet

Sejm

Szlachta

Lithuania

Second Polish Republic

	Lublin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		['lublin]) is the biggest city in eastern Poland and the capital of Lublin Voivodship with a population of 355,954 (2004).
		Lublin's population grew from 28,900 in 1873 to 50,150 in 1897.
		Rabbi Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin, "The Seer of Lublin", (1745-1815)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lublin (1691 words)

	Union of Lublin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The drafters of the Union of Lublin expected that the countries of Lithuania and Poland should be linked together more closely than they actually were, because the Second statute of Lithuania had not lost its power, and some of its provisions substantially differed from the acts of Union of Lublin.
		The Union of Lublin was superseded by the Constitution of the Third May from 1791, when the federative Commonwealth was to be transformed into a unitary state by King Stanislaw August Poniatowski.
		Many historians also consider the Union of Lublin to have created a similar state to the present-day European Union, thus considering the Union to be kind of a predecessor of the Maastricht treaty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Union_of_Lublin (688 words)

	Lublin -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lublin (pronounce:) is the biggest city in eastern (A republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II) Poland and the capital of (Click link for more info and facts about Lublin Voivodship) Lublin Voivodship with a population of 355,954 (2004).
		Students came to Lublin from all over (The 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use `Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles) Europe to study at the (An academy for the advanced study of Jewish texts (primarily the Talmud)) yeshiva there.
		However, the momentum generated by the Lublin strikes quickly gave rise to a new wave of strikes in the (A port city of northern Poland near the mouth of the Vistula River on a gulf of the Baltic Sea; a member of the Hanseatic League in the 14th century) Gdansk region in August, 1980.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/L/Lu/Lublin.htm (2100 words)

	My visit to Lublin, Poland
		Lublin is in southeastern Poland where the land was formerly divided into great feudal estates, owned by a few aristocratic families, while the majority of the people were serfs or peasants.
		Lublin is the easternmost city and the largest city in southeastern Poland; with five universities, it is the intellectual center of Poland.
		Lublin was the headquarters of the SS and the Gestapo for the administration of Operation Reinhard, and also the headquarters for the Nazi party.
	www.scrapbookpages.com /Poland/Lublin/Lublin01.html (1497 words)

	A Historiographic Survey of Lithuanian-Polish Relations - B. Dundulis
		The union was a praiseworthy solution of problems in the relations between nations and states, offered by Poles, which satisfied all the proper requirements of the unified lands and led to the creation of the empire of the Jagiellonians.
		Union with Poland was caused by the weakening of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
		He believed that through the Union of Lublin Lithuania lost her independence and that is was the result of force on the part of the Polish petty gentry.
	www.lituanus.org /1971/71_4_01.htm (9193 words)

	History of the European Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1569, the Union of Lublin transformed the Polish-Lithuanian personal union into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, a multi-national federation and elective monarchy, which lasted until the partitions of Poland in 1795.
		In Britain the group known as Federal Union was launched in November 1938, and began advocating a Federal Union of Europe as a post-war aim.
		On the side of the European Union it was partly motivated by a desire to reunite Europe after the end of the Cold War, and an effort to tie Eastern Europe firmly to the West in order to prevent it falling again into communism or dictatorship.
	www.wikipedia.com /wiki/European_Union/History (3876 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Lublin
		Lublin became a center of mass extermination of Jews during the Holocaust.
		Lublin was the first city liberated in Poland by the Russian army on July 24, 1944.
		Lublin served as a temporary Polish capital until the liberation of Warsaw in January 1945.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/Lublin.html (1571 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lublin
		The city of Lublin is in Russian Poland, capital of the Government of Lublin, lies on the Bistrzyca, a tributary of the Vistula, and in 1897 had a population of 50,152, of whom 30,914 were Catholics.
		Lublin was founded in the eleventh century, and soon began to flourish.
		Under King Stephen Báthori (1576-86) Lublin became the seat of five of the highest law courts, which the king, under the renunciation of his old right, established to pronounce judgment as courts of appeal for the several combined territories.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09403a.htm (1259 words)

	History of Lithuania - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		With the Lublin Union of 1569 Poland and Lithuania formed a new state: the Republic of Both Nations (commonly known as Poland-Lithuania or see Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Polish: Rzeczpospolita, Lithuanian: Abiejų Tautų Respublika).
		In August 1939, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed an agreement (the Ribbentrop-Molotov pact), with the secret clauses assigning spheres of influence in the area of the Baltic Sea.
		Homeland Union was then soon established by Vytautas Landsbergis, leader of Sąjūdis, when it was seen that Sąjūdis needed reform.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/History_of_Lithuania (5327 words)

	BAOC history
		The Union was expected to raise the social status of the Orthodox, but since most of the upper class had already become fully polonized and Roman Catholic, the anticipated reprieve was not realized for even the Uniate church was prosecuted and proselitized by fanatic Latin-rite Catholics under the leadership of Jesuits.
		The primary effect of the Union of Lublin and its resultant massive persecution of the Orthodox in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was to encourage Moscow to undertake its mission of imperialism under the pretext of defending Orthodoxy.
		On July 23, 1922, at a Sobor in Miensk, the Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Metropolia was resurrected, separate from the Patriarch of Moscow and the Pope of Rome, with Metropolitan Melchisedek, formerly a hierarch of the Muscovite Church, as Primate.
	www.belarusguide.com /culture1/religion/BAOC.html (2663 words)

	@Poland : Lublin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lublin is a big city with an eventful history and great development potential due to its border location.
		Lublin's origins date back to the 10th century, when a stronghold was built here to protect the country from eastern invasions.
		Frequent conventions of Polish and Lithuanian officials were held in Lublin, and eventually, after many years of personal union, the Union of Lublin was signed here in 1569, uniting both countries into a single political entity.
	www.pl-info.net /en/cities/lublin/index.shtml (459 words)

	Lublin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		LUBLIN was for almost a millennium one of Poland's most important cities.
		The castle enclosure includes the valuable Church of the Trinity - the former castle chapel, built in the 14th century, with precious Ruthenian-Byzantine polychromes, and also a defense tower from the early 13th century.
		The tour ends with a visit to the Lublin Rural Museum in the district of Sławinek, in the city's northwestern part.
	www.orbis.incoming.pbp.com.pl /lublin.html (176 words)

	GoPoland! Web Travel Guide to Poland
		A union town, one might say, of this large eastern Poland city that began as a trade route stop-over in the 6th century and grew into the industrial, yet scholarly metropolis that it is today.
		Lublin profited from its pivotal position, and continued to prosper -- excepting raids by the Cossacks from the east and Swedes from the north -- until the Partitions scattered the empire and carved up the Polish state.
		Said strike beat the Gdansk shipyard shenanigans by 4 months, leaving Lubliners free to boast of their town as once again the birthplace of a union.
	www.gopoland.com /wheretogo/lublin/history (372 words)

	The History of Poland
		In 1569 Poland absorbed Lithuania by the Union of Lublin.
		A Polish National Committee of Liberation was installed in Lublin as the Soviet recognized government of the liberated areas.
		The Lublin Committee signed a Treaty granting the Soviets free reign in the administration of areas under their control.
	www.krykiet.com /polish_history.htm (1808 words)

	Location (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lublin, the capital of the province, is an attractive large city.
		In 1569 here the Union of Lublin was signed, uniting Poland and Lithuania into a single political entity.
		Lublin is the largest academic centre in the eastern part of the country with its Lublin Catholic University, where pope John Paul II once taught, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin Technical University, the University of Agriculture, the Medical Academy and Bohdan Dobrzanski Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences.
	www.bps.czu.cz /Lublin/location05.htm (394 words)

	Navahradak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Owing to the predominance of East Slavs among the state's population and ties with greater Europe that literacy, Christianity and culture facilitated, Old Belarusian became the official language of the Grand Duchy used for its official chancery, legal, diplomatic and judicial needs until 1696, when it was eventually replaced by Polish.
		Navahradak become part of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth following the Union of Lublin in 1569 and later become part of imperial Russia due to the partitions of Poland in 1795.
		When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 it became part of the Ostland.
	www.free-download-soft.com /info/free-spyware.html (477 words)

	Lublin, Union of -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		But Sigismund II (Sigismund Augustus; reigned 1548–72) had no heirs; and the Poles, fearing that when he died the personal union between Poland and Lithuania would be broken, urged that a more complete union be formed.
		In practice, however, the union traces its origins back to 1950, and it has continued to grow in the 21st century.
		Scientific union in London, adhering to the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU), contributing to all aspects of crystallography.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9049222?tocId=9049222 (869 words)

	Project
		This union was contracted during the session in Lublin in 1569 in spite of opposition of Lithuan magnates but with huge involvement of king Zygmunt II August and Polish and Lithuanin nobility.
		The Union in Lublin is one of the most important events in our history.
		And that was the main reason why Jan Matejko chose the Union in Lublin to paint, why he thought that it was worth remembering.
	www.tln.schulnetz.org /fr/Art_The_Lublin_Union.htm (607 words)

	Central Europe Review - Poland and Lithuania
		Part of the reason why relations were so hostile in the inter-war period lies in the way in which the Lithuan ian state was resurrected, in 1918, and the long common history it shared with Poland, which was "reborn" in the same year.
		The Polish and Lithuanian crowns were joined in the Union of Lublin in 1569, creating the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which encompassed parts of present-day Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus, Poland and right-bank Ukraine.
		Commemorations included a week-long symposium in Lublin, entitled "The Legacy of the Union of Lublin and European Integration." Participants included historians from the region, Polish and Lithuanian parliamentarians and diplomats from several Europeans states.
	www.ce-review.org /99/13/rohozinska13.html (1797 words)

	History of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Just about the time when in most European countries the kings were strengthening their rule, the power of the Polish kings waned.
		Weak monarchy and state structure were to their benefit because they helped them increase their own power, whereas a powerful state might limit their freedom.
		It was against this fractious background that Sigismund carried out the Union of Lublin.
	www.geocities.com /arekgondek/h03commonwealth.html (1633 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Lublin Union of (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lublin, city in south-east Poland, capital of Lubelskie province.
		Trade Union, association of workers established to improve their economic and social conditions.
		A trade union represents its members in determining...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Lublin_Union_of.html (98 words)

	Outline 7
		Instead, union with Lithuania, 1386 by means of marriage of Jadwiga to the Lithuanian king Jogailo (Jagiello).
		With Jadwiga's death in 1399, and no heir, the Union of Krewo could have been dissolved, but it was continued.
		1569 Union of Lublin joined the two states in a noble republic or commonwealth, under one elected king, with common army and foreign policy.
	www.pitt.edu /~irinal/hist200/outline8.html (1014 words)

	Belarus - Belorussia, Poland, and Catholicism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Union of Krevo (1385), which joined Poland and the Grand Duchy in a confederation, hinged on Lithuanian Grand Duke Jogaila's conversion from paganism to Roman Catholicism and his subsequent marriage to twelve-year-old Queen Jadwiga of Poland.
		The Union of Brest (1596), which united the Roman Catholic Church with the part of the Orthodox Church that was within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was viewed favorably by both the Polish king, Sigismund III, and a number of Orthodox bishops, clergy, and faithful.
		In the aftermath of the Union of Brest, both civil and religious authorities persecuted the Orthodox Church and supported the Uniates in their takeover of Orthodox property.
	countrystudies.us /belarus/5.htm (338 words)

	From the First Congress of Vienna
		On the other hand, the Union of Lublin had been prepared and made possible by a gradual penetration of Western culture far into the Lithuanian and Ruthenian lands of the grand duchy, a process which had already started in the fifteenth century but which chiefly developed from the beginning of the sixteenth.
		But the Jagellonian dynasty, though always favorable to the Union in general, was opposed to the idea of a common election, which seemed to question their hereditary rights to the grand duchy.
		At Lublin he also received the homage of the prince of Moldavia and of the new duke of Prussia, Albrecht Frederick, who the year before had succeeded his father Albrecht.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /wooton/34/halecki/10.htm (8896 words)

	Poland -> History on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		During the reign of Sigismund II (reigned 1548-72) a unified Polish-Lithuanian state was created by the Union of Lublin (1569).
		The arts and sciences flourished during the Jagiello dynasty; a towering figure of the age was the astronomer Copernicus.
		The SLD formed a coalition with the PPP and the Union of Labor, and Miller became prime minister.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/Poland_History.asp (4078 words)

	David Gorodok - Section II - b
		In that year, Sigismund II August forced Lithuania formally to renounce her independence in the Union of Lublin, as the price for Polish help in Lithuania’s war against “Muscovite expansion under the terrible Czar Ivan IV.” The Poles dismembered Lithuania by incorporating the Ukraine and parts of Western Russia into Poland.
		The era of the Lublin Union brought great changes to Polesye in political, religious, and economic life, but the most serious was the increasing alienation of the gentry from the people.
		After the Union of Lublin, the power of the nobles in relation to that of the Polish king/Grand Duke of Lithuania (usually the same person) began to grow.
	davidhorodok.tripod.com /2b.html (7060 words)

	Untitled
		The Union of Lublin Act (1569) - a parchment leaf with 77 suspended seals.
		After the 3rd partition of Poland (1795) they were moved to Russia where £aski's Statute and the Union of Lublin Act were kept together with one of the copies of the Constitution of May 3rd (Metryka Litewska, dept.
		The Union of Lublin saved the union between the Polish Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania which existed for another two hundred years.
	www.unesco.org /webworld/nominations/en/nomination/poland.htm (1289 words)

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