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Topic: Unions of Sweden

	History of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The union's final disintegration in the early 16th century brought on a long-lived rivalry between Denmark on one side and Sweden on the other.
		In the 16th century, Gustav Vasa fought for an independent Sweden, crushing an attempt to restore the Kalmar Union and laying the foundation for modern Sweden.
		Sweden's predominantly agricultural economy shifted gradually from village to private farm-based agriculture during the Industrial Revolution, but this change failed to bring economic and social improvements commensurate with the rate of population growth.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/h/hi/history_of_sweden.html (855 words)

	Sweden-Norway - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Act of Union, which was given royal assent on August 6, 1815, was implemented differently in the two countries.
		Sweden and Norway had previously been united under the same crown on two occasions, from 1319 to 1343, and briefly from 1449 to 1450 in opposition to Christian of Oldenburg who by the Danes was elected king of the Kalmar Union.
		Both parliaments revoked the Act of Union October 16, and the deposed king Oscar II of Sweden renounced his claim to the Norwegian throne and recognized Norway as an independent kingdom on October 26.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Sweden-Norway (404 words)

	Role of Trade Unions in Japan, United States and Sweden: Comparative Analysis
		Unions in Japan, USA and Sweden albeit having some traits in common differ notably in their nature, structure, origin, roles, levels of unionisation, bargaining practices, degree of politicisation and government interference.
		Unions in the US and (to some extent) in Japan are mostly involved in business unionism: wage negotiations and other workplace matters are their main concerns.
		Unions in the US and (to some extent) in Japan are of business nature and wage negotiations and other workplace- related issues are their main concerns.
	members.tripod.com /%7Ea_sid/works/IER.html (5722 words)

	Sweden’s Assault on Labor
		Sweden is in crisis, and labor is the hardest hit.
		Yet the great strength of unions in Sweden has always been not just their numbers, but a broader administrative, political and economic system which made labor an active participant in a wide range of policymaking processes.
		The give-and-take between unions, employers and the government is evident in the broad economic principles, drawn up by two LO economists, that the country followed from the late 1950s until the 1970s.
	multinationalmonitor.org /hyper/issues/1992a/05/mm0592_10.htm.save (3017 words)

	The Militant - 3/10/97 -- Students Protest Against Rightist Assaults In Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		No action was taken against the skinhead, said Anna- Klara Engqvist, a leader of the Elevkampanjen - one of the two national student unions in Sweden.
		Elevkampanlen, which is closely allied to an ultraleft group called Offensive, published a leaflet at the school with the head line "For a nazi free school!" There was no demand to lift the political ban at the school.
		Claudio Burgos is a member of the Young Socialists in Sweden.
	www.themilitant.com /1997/6110/6110_10.html (383 words)

	Unions of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Norway (I) In 1319 the infant Magnus Eriksson was crowned as king of both Sweden and Norway.
		Sigismund, who was a catholic failed however to gain support in protestant Sweden, and was eventually deposed and succeeded by his uncle Charles IX in Sweden 1599.
		In 1654 the reigning queen Christina of Sweden abdicated and was succeeded by her cousin Charles, duke of Pfalz-Zweibrücken.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/unions_of_sweden (527 words)

	swisspolitics.org \| Workers from new EU challenge Swedish model
		The offer from a Latvian firm is the latest challenge to Sweden's decades-old system of setting wages through sector-wide deals with employers in a country where 85 percent of workers belong to a trade union.
		Olauson said foreign firms were welcome in Sweden, as long as they abided by rules on collective deals that provide a floor for salaries in a country with no legal minimum wage.
		It wanted to know whether Sweden's system was in line with EU rules on the free movement of labour and whether industrial action could be taken against a foreign company, even if it had a collective wage deal in its land of origin.
	www.swisspolitics.org /en/news/index.php?section=int&page=news_inhalt&news_id=6016469 (832 words)

	(North American) Labor Unions under Stress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The decline of manufacturing, where unions are traditionally strong, and the shift to service industries contributed to the weakening of unions, but the most dramatic defeat came in 1981, when President Ronald Reagan broke the air-traffic controllers’ strike.
		In contrast, unions in Sweden grew from about 60 percent to more than 90 percent of wage and salary workers in the same period.
		Overall, union membership in the industrial democracies reached a high in the late 1970s but has since declined as the new industrial, low-wage countries put pressure on unions in the older industrial nations.
	www3.sympatico.ca /n.rieck/docs/unions2.html (490 words)

	Swedish Credit Unions, Sweden sparkasse, alternative to offshore banks
		Sweden has a long history of innovative and alternative financial institutions.
		Sweden is obviously not a tax haven, and the association would have to pay 30% tax on any reported profit.
		A Credit Union, also known as Savings & Loan association or "sparkassa" in Swedish, is exempted from supervision and license requirements as long as it is properly formed and registered and comply with the membership limit of maximum 1000 members at all times.
	www.slogold.net /swedish_credit_unions.html (856 words)

	Trade Unions (background)
		In the wake of a long history of union movement and accumulated benefits under collective agreements, a plethora of legislations and industrial jurisprudence, growing literacy and awareness among the employees and the spread of a variety of social institutions including consumer and public interest groups the protective role must have undergone, a qualitative change.
		Trade unions through industrial action (such as protests and strikes) and political action (influencing Government policy) establish minimum economic and legal conditions and restrain abuse of labour wherever the labour is organised.
		The first systematic attempt to form a trade union on permanent basis was done in 1906 in the Postal Offices at Bombay and Calcutta.5 By the early years of the 20th century, strikes had become quite common in all major industries.
	www.bms.org.in /htm/trade_unions.htm (5425 words)

	History of Sweden -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Continual tension within the countries and within the union gradually led to open conflict between the Swedes and the Danes in the (Click link for more info and facts about 15th century) 15th century.
		Sweden's predominantly agricultural economy shifted gradually from village to private farm-based agriculture during the (The transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation) Industrial Revolution, but this change failed to bring economic and social improvements commensurate with the rate of population growth.
		Sweden became a member of the (An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members) European Union in 1995
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/hi/history_of_sweden.htm (1287 words)

	Sweden in the EU - EUbusiness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sweden in the EU Sweden is a member of the European Union
		Sweden should slash alcohol taxes, raise age limit for drinking: study
		Sweden should slash alcohol tax by 40 percent: government study
	www.eubusiness.com /topics/Sweden?b_start:int=20 (895 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sweden United States Canada Let's first look at how much of the female and male labour force is organized into trade unions.
		Other than that, Canda appears similar to Sweden Men are more unionized than women in Canada, as in Sweden Between 1975 and 1987, the gap between women and men in Canada narrowed from 13% to 8% This can be seen if we look a little more closely at the Canadian part of the chart...
		In Sweden and Canada: it is because of women's increase in unionization; In the U.S.: it is because of the sharp drop in men's unionization This concludes our brief look at some stats on internationalgender differences in union membership Sorry, we are not done yet Next, we will concentrate on Canada
	socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca /soc/courses/soc4s3/member/memint.txt (609 words)

	Workers from new EU challenge Swedish model - Boston.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sweden's trade unions say the use of low-cost workers threatens the "Swedish model" of fair labor.
		Under EU rules citizens are free to settle and work anywhere in the bloc but the ex-communist newcomers were forced to accept restrictions on free labor movement for up to seven years in most states.
		It wanted to know whether Sweden's system was in line with EU rules on the free movement of labor and whether industrial action could be taken against a foreign company, even if it had a collective wage deal in its land of origin.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2005/08/23/workers_from_new_eu_challenge_swedish_model?mode=PF (866 words)

	School Choice Works! The Case of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sweden’s government is predominantly based on socialist structures, with high taxation and publicly financed medical care and retirement.
		Sweden’s independent schools are now financed on par with municipal schools, so long as they are approved.
		In Sweden now, as in many northern European countries, parents are given a large range of educational options, public and private, parochial and secular.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/819008/posts (609 words)

	Magnus II of Sweden Article, MagnusSweden Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Magnus II Ericson, (1316 - 1377),King of Sweden and Norway, son of the dukeEric.
		In 1343 their son Haakon was designated at an early age to succeed his father to the Norwegian throne as Haakon VI, even though Magnus remained as effective ruler for sometime.
		In 1363 Magnus was deposed from the Swedish throne for the final time andsought refuge with his younger son in Norway, where he subsequently drowned in 1377.
	www.anoca.org /king/son/magnus_ii_of_sweden.html (203 words)

	The Local - Why are so many Swedes members of trade unions?
		The unions are private organizations whose representatives are given ex-officio roles in the labour court.
		I know Sweden tries to portray the American worker as an oppressed individual but please try and explain that to the bricklayer who has had the means to do many acitivities and interests outside of work, retires with a pension at 55, puts 4 kids thru university, and has a winter home in Arizona.
		Sweden is mainly built on social democracy (the combination of liberalism and socialism) and has an institutional modelled welfare system.
	www.thelocal.se /article.php?ID=807&date=20050105 (2131 words)

	Sweden approves gay unions at embassies \| Headlines \| News \| Gay.com UK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		"It is very important for Sweden for civil servants who officiate at weddings to be authorised also to officiate at the registration of partnerships," Foreign Minister Anna Lindh said during a parliamentary debate, Reuters reported.
		Approximately two dozen of Sweden's 100 embassies are authorised to marry heterosexual couples as long as one is a Swedish citizen.
		Sweden has been in the forefront when it comes to legislation and government policies that recognise gay relationships and equal rights for homosexuals.
	uk.gay.com /headlines/3932 (361 words)

	Irish Times Article - Sweden plans to put the brakes on SUVs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sweden is heading for a showdown with its flagship Volvo brand over gas-guzzling SUVs, as the political backlash against them spreads across Europe.
		But Sweden is the first country to take on its powerful motor industry on the issue.
		However, Olsson's warning has sparked alarm among trade unions in Sweden, making it likely the SUV tax will be fought.
	www.ireland.com /newspaper/motoring/2004/0908/258779325MOT08SUV1.html (545 words)

	EMIRE: SWEDEN - SECTORAL UNION
		At present (2000) there are some 65 such unions in Sweden, 60 or so of which belong to one of the three major federations: in most industries the employees are divided between a LO-affiliated union (mainly for manual workers), a TCO-affiliated union (for white-collar workers) and a SACO-affiliated union (for professionals).
		LO member unions in particular are structured according to the principle of industry-based unionism, whereas within SACO occupation-based unionism is predominant.
		The sectoral unions are parties to sectoral agreements and sectoral bargaining.
	www.eurofound.eu.int /emire/SWEDEN/ANCHOR-CENTRALARBETSTAGARORGANISATION-SE.html (207 words)

	Arderà Sempre - A Critical View of Swedish Criminal Justice and Democracy: Sweden's Mandatory Student Unions.. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		According to the UN declaration of Human Rights, a bill which Sweden's government loves to uphold and cherish beyond everything else, people should never be forced to join an organization.
		One can say that the Student Unions, who sadly have been successful at gaining power despite often never getting more than 10-20% of the votes, are to a high degree responsible for turning Sweden's educational system into a joke at the faculties where they have been granted influence.
		It is about time that student union membership was made voluntary, and that their influence reflected the abysmally low number of votes they receive.
	arderasempre.blogspot.com /2005/04/swedens-mandatory-student-unions.html (410 words)

	News & Politics
		Sweden's foreign minister announced the progressive country would allow gay citizens to hold domestic partner ceremonies at its embassies.
		"It is very important for Sweden for civil servants who officiate at weddings to be authorized also to officiate at the registration of partnerships," Foreign Minister Anna Lindh said during a parliamentary debate, Reuters reported.
		Approximately two dozen of Sweden's 100 embassies are authorized to marry heterosexual couples as long as one is a Swedish citizen.
	www.planetout.com /news/article.html?2003/03/10/1 (283 words)

	SWEDEN.SE - A nation of student unions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In Sweden, all students are members of a student union (studentkår).
		Easily confused with student unions are the student nations in Uppsala and Lund.
		Good stories from exchange students, however, are plentiful; the results from a simple Google search will show you that for most foreign students in Lund and Uppsala, the time they spent with their nation was one of the absolute highlights of their stay.
	www.sweden.se /templates/PrinterFriendlySISArticle____6912.asp (382 words)

	SWEDEN.SE - Student unions
		Student unions, formed to represent the social and academic interests of their members, may be found at every university and university college in Sweden.
		Student unions are there to make every student's stay as pleasant as possible: they provide accommodation, operate restaurants, cafes and bars, arrange parties with live bands, run sports programmes and organise orchestras and student theatricals.
		Student unions have long been the natural meeting point for new students and many offer services of different kinds to foreign students.
	www.sjvetsija.com /templates/cs/CommonPage____4977.aspx (371 words)

	Economy of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For most unions there is a counterpart employer's organization for businesses.
		The unions and employer organizations are independent of both the government and political parties, although the largest federation of unions, the National Swedish Confederation of Trade Unions or LO (Blue collar), always has been linked to the largest political party, the Social Democrats.
		Thus, while private-sector wages rose by an average annual rate of 3.75% from 1998 to 2000 in Sweden, the comparable increase for the EU area was 1.75%.
	www.eurofreehost.com /ec/Economy_of_Sweden_3.html (395 words)

	WorldNetDaily: When you hear of 'civil unions,' recall Czechoslovakia, Sweden
		Well-meaning people who oppose "gay marriage" often float the compromise of "civil unions" as a way to keep everybody happy and to demonstrate their good will.
		But the "gay" activists themselves have told us over and over that "civil unions" are merely a steppingstone to "gay marriage." Some observers predict that the whole idea of marriage will eventually become passe if same-sex unions gain legal status.
		If there was any doubt whether "gay" activists would settle for civil unions, it has been erased by events in San Francisco, where the mayor has illegally ordered marriage licenses to be issued to same-sex couples despite California's recently enacted "domestic partner" law, which is nearly identical to Vermont's "civil union" law.
	www.wnd.com /news/printer-friendly.asp?ARTICLE_ID=37410 (1071 words)

	Welcome to Pappers Section 51, Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The trade union's headoffice is located in Stockholm.
		"Pappers" is a little different towards other trade unions in Sweden because the main principe is that it will be one local at every mill.
		Other trade unions organize members after both occupation and area, so there will be members from different workplaces in the same locals.
	www.pappers51.nu /english (125 words)

	Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Basilica, Rome Christina, or Kristina, (1626-1689), Queen of Sweden from 1632 to 1654, was the daughter of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.
		Oxenstierna Count Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna (1583-1654), Chancellor of Sweden, was born at Fond in Uplandia, and was...
		or Ulrika Eleonora, (February 29, 1688 - 1741), Queen of Sweden from 1718 to 1720, was the daughter of King Charles XI of Sweden and Ulrike Eleonora of Denmark.
	www.ntc-usa.com /nordic/Sweden&start=70 (1052 words)

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