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Topic: United Airlines Flight 585

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	AirDisaster.Com: Special Report: United Airlines Flight 585
		The aircraft was operating as flight 585 from Peoria, Illinois, to Colorado Springs, via Moline and Denver.
		The flight to Moline and on to Denver was completely uneventful and it touched down ahead of schedule in Denver.
		Discovery of the PCU (power control unit) recovered from the wreckage showed wiring to the solenoid was loose and the circuit intermitent, this could have been the cause of the uncommanded rudder yaws in previous flights.
	www.airdisaster.com /special/special-ua585.shtml (1526 words)

	NATIONAL TRANSPORATION SAFETY BOARDPublic Meeting of March 23
		In addition, as a result of this accident and the United Airlines flight 585 accident (involving a 737-291) on March 3, 1991, the Safety Board issued three recommendations (one of which was designated "urgent") to the FAA on February 22, 1995, regarding the need to increase the number of FDR parameters.
		The flight crew of United flight 585 could not be expected to have assessed the flight control problem and then devised and executed the appropriate recovery procedure for a rudder reversal under the circumstances of the flight.
		During the Eastwind flight 517 incident, the rudder reversed, moving to its right blowdown limit when the captain commanded left rudder, consistent with a jam of the main rudder PCU servo valve secondary slide to the servo valve housing offset from its neutral position and overtravel of the primary slide.
	safety.alpa.org /submissions/ntsb427.htm (1621 words)

	NTSB - Press Release SB-01-12
		On March 3, 1991, United Airlines flight 585, a Boeing 737-291 (N999UA), crashed on approach to Colorado Springs.
		In its revised report on flight 585, the Board noted that since the upset occurred less than 1,000 feet above the ground, the pilots had very little time to react to or recover from the event.
		Adoption of the revised United 585 report removes one of four transport category aircraft accidents in the NTSB's 34-year history for which the Board could not determine a cause.
	www.ntsb.gov /Pressrel/2001/010605.htm (507 words)

	Atlas Aviation - ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION DOCKET USAir Flight 427, March 23, 1999
		A schematic of the hydraulic fluid flow path in the main rudder dual concentric servo valve after a jam of the servo valve's secondary slide (gold object) to the valve body or housing.
		This airplane was flying at a slower airspeed than the 427 flight, and there is a greater motion of the rudder and the rudder pedal due to the lower aerodynamic forces opposing rudder motion.
		This airplane was flying at a faster airspeed than both the 427 and 585 flights, and there is less motion of the rudder and the rudder pedal due to the higher aerodynamic forces opposing rudder motion.
	www.atlasaviation.com /videos/flight427.htm (1089 words)

	More Info on united airlines - - united airline - - unitedairlines
		United Airlines, the primary subsidiary of the UAL Corporation, is a major airline of the United States headquartered in unincorporated Elk Grove Township, Illinois, near Chicago's O'Hare International Airport, the airline's largest traffic hub, with 650 daily departures.
		United was the launch customer for a number of aircraft types, including the Douglas DC-10 (with American Airlines) and several Boeing aircraft: the 727 (with Eastern Air Lines), the 737-200, the 767, and the 777.
		United adopted a red, white and blue shield logo in 1936, but its use varied widely and was eventually abandoned altogether in the early 1970s.
	www.usgovernetics.com /Tra-to-Uni/united_airlines.php (4648 words)

	The Rudder Story
		Once the full rudder hardover occurred, the flight crew was unable to counter the resulting roll with aileron because the B737 does not have sufficient lateral control authority to balance a full rudder input in certain areas of the flight envelope.
		During its flight test program on the 737-300 in 1984, Boeing found that at a speed of 190 knots and the flap-one setting, the plane could not overcome a full rudder deflection by using the ailerons, as would normally be the case.
		Airlines support extra monitoring for planes fitted with advanced recorder technology on the assembly line but oppose expensive recorder retrofits for the rest of their fleet.
	www.b737.org.uk /rudder.htm (5796 words)

	All Accidents - FDAI Database
		For the first roundtrip flight from Basle-Mulhouse, the pilot in the left seat was the designated captain, and he had the controls.
		The flight diverted from its approach to Miami International Airport because the nose landing gear position indicating system of the aircraft did not indicate that the nose gear was locked in the down position.
		The National Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the failure of the flight crew to monitor the flight instruments during the final 4 minutes of flight, and to detect an unexpected descent soon enough to prevent impact with the ground.
	www.flightdeckautomation.com /qs-resaccidents.aspx (3885 words)

	1997 Pulitzer Prizes-BEAT REPORTING, Works
		United Airlines Flight 585 dived from the sky into a park near Colorado Springs on March 3, 1991, killing 25 passengers and crew members.
		Airlines could lose many millions more in revenue should planes need to be pulled from service to make the upgrades.
		In 1971, Frontier Airlines reported two flights in which unexpected rudder movements resulted in "serious control problems." The airline advised its pilots to switch off the yaw damper for landings and takeoffs, times when the airplane had little room to maneuver.
	www.pulitzer.org /year/1997/beat-reporting/works/737-1 (3069 words)

	The Seattle Times: Safety at issue: the 737
		Uncommanded rudder hardovers are widely suspected of causing two unsolved 737 crashes: United Airlines Flight 585 in Colorado Springs, Colo., on March 3, 1991, which killed all 25 on board; and USAir Flight 427 in Pittsburgh, on Sept. 8, 1994, in which all 132 on board were killed.
		Federal investigators and a United Airlines mechanic earlier had discovered three other ways a 737 rudder could be inadvertently sent hard over.
		March 12, 1991: The rudder power-control unit (PCU) extricated from the United wreckage is dismantled in San Francisco.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /news/local/737/response (1857 words)

	Flight 1420 survivors want pieces of wreckage
		Flight 1420 crashed while landing at Little Rock National Airport, Adams Field, during a midnight thunderstorm, then burned on the bank of the Arkansas River.
		United Airlines Flight 585, a Boeing 737, crashed on approach to Colorado Springs in 1991.
		There was plenty of scrap metal left in a Sioux City, Iowa, cornfield after United Airline's Flight 232 crashed in 1989, killing 111, but Hopkins says none of the 185 survivors asked for a piece of the wreckage.
	www.ardemgaz.com /prev/crash060299/A1xcrash18.html (1446 words)

	Killtown's: Did Flight 93 Crash in Shanksville? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Flight 93 was said to have crashed with 5,500 gallons of jet fuel still on board.
		United Flight 93 was the aircraft that crashed in Somerset County." - Westmoreland County
		When United Airlines Flight 93 crashed in rural Somerset County on Sept.11, 2001, the chair of the working group was immediately in touch with other members of the group and emergency teams were deployed swiftly to the site.
	thewebfairy.com /killtown/flight93.html (8722 words)

	Association of Flight Attendants - CWA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		WASHINGTON DC — United Airlines flight attendants and retirees, represented by the Association of Flight Attendants-CWA, AFL-CIO, will picket and leaflet at Sea-Tac and Washington Dulles airports on March 15 and Los Angeles Airport on March 17 to protest United’s plan to break its agreement with flight attendant retirees and change their health benefits.
		United management signed a letter of agreement in May 2003 to ensure that flight attendants retiring before July 1, 2003 would have access to health care benefits that were less costly and more comprehensive than those that would be in place for those who retire after that date.
		An examiner has been appointed by the bankruptcy court to investigate United Airlines’ scheme to intentionally mislead thousands of flight attendants into ending their careers or retiring early, defrauding them out of their retirement benefits.
	www.afanet.org /default.asp?id=394 (379 words)

	United Airlines Flight 585 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		United Airlines Flight 585 was a scheduled domestic passenger airline flight from the now-decommissioned Stapleton International Airport in Denver to Colorado Springs Airport in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
		On March 3, 1991, the Boeing 737-200, registered N999UA, carrying 20 passengers and 5 crew under the command of Capt. Harold Green and First Officer Patricia Eidson, crashed as it was approaching the runway for landing, killing all 25 people on board.
		However, after the crash of another B-737, USAir Flight 427, the investigation was re-opened in the UAL 585 case, and it was finally determined that both crashes were the result of a sudden malfunction of the rudder power control unit (PCU).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_585 (396 words)

	[No title]
		As the accident event began, USAir Flight 427's FDR recorded slight changes in airspeed, attitude, and vertical "G" forces, indicating an encounter with the wake vortex of the preceding Boeing 727.
		As in the case of United 585, the data from USAir 427's 11-parameter FDR was maddeningly inadequate.
		One data point during the flight test was designed to determine the aileron and spoiler deflection required to counteract the roll caused by a full rudder deflection at various airspeeds and flap settings.
	www.lycos.com /info/usair--usair-flight.html (460 words)

	Killtown's: Crashes of Pan Am 103, USAir 427 & UA 585 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Most of the airplane wreckage, including all flight controls and major components, was located within a 350-foot radius of the main impact crater.
		USAir Flight 427: The remnants of the Boeing 737-3B7 are scattered along a Hopewell Township hillside on Sept. 9, 1994, the day after it crashed.
		Uncontrolled Descent and Collision With Terrain, United Airlines Flight 585
	killtown.911review.org /flight93/427-585.html (1394 words)

	Charter Planes \| Charter Plane Crash \| Aviation Law Firm \| Aviation Law Firm \| Slack & Davis, LLP \| 10
		Nose baggage door opened in-flight and was struck by left propeller.
		Operating on visual flight rules, plane crashed into mountain in thick fog and instrument conditions.
		Helicopter crashed during DEA training flight and was consumed by post-crash fire.
	www.slackdavis.com /aviation_cases.php (975 words)

	NewStandard: 9/8/96
		PITTSBURGH -- Three airline disasters in two years have generated new interest in "video fl boxes" that could give crash investigators pictures of what happens as a plane is going down.
		The crash of Flight 427 on Sept. 8, 1994, has been especially vexing because investigators still don't know why the plane jerked left and fell more than one mile.
		The NTSB is more interested in getting airlines to install new data and voice recorders on older planes, especially the widely used Boeing 737s.
	www.s-t.com /daily/09-96/09-08-96/a05wn018.htm (790 words)

	SilkAir Flight 185 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On December 19, 1997, the ill-fated flight was being operated by a Boeing 737-300, registration 9V-TRF.
		A 2004 court decision by the Los Angeles Superior Court in the United States ruled, however, that the crash was caused by a defective servo valve in the plane's rudder.
		All airlines must install a new rudder control system that includes new components such as an aft torque tube, hydraulic actuators, and associated control rods, and additional wiring throughout the airplane to support failure annunciation of the rudder control system in the flight deck.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Silkair_Flight_185 (865 words)

	EPILOGUE for BOTH
		On March 3, 1991, United Airlines flight 585, a Boeing 737-291 (N999UA), crashed on approach to Colorado Springs.
		In that report, the NTSB said it "could not identify conclusive evidence to explain the loss of" the aircraft, but indicated that the two most likely explanations were a malfunction of the airplane's directional control system or an encounter with an unusually severe atmospheric disturbance.
		Adoption of the revised United 585 report removes one of four transport category aircraft accidents in the NTSB's 34-year history for which the Board could not determine a cause.
	www.iasa.com.au /folders/Safety_Issues/others/epilogue_for_both.html (504 words)

	CNN - NTSB: Rudder flaw 'probable cause' of fatal crashes - March 24, 1999
		The USAir crash killed all 132 aboard; all 25 on the United Airlines flight died.
		In a submission to the NTSB, the company mentioned the possibility of pilot error in the Pittsburgh crash, a powerful wind in he United Airlines crash and a misrigged yaw damper -- another element of the rudder system -- for the Eastwind incident.
		Since none of the planes had today's more informative flight data recorders, the board staff was forced to make assumptions in developing its hypotheses.
	www.cnn.com /US/9903/24/737.probe/index.html (663 words)

	Schaden Law Home
		Schaden, Katzman, Lampert & McClune represented families and victims of both airplane crashes and filed cases in state circuit court in Chicago, Illinois, and in the federal courts in Pittsburgh and Colorado Springs and was appointed to Plaintiffs Steering Committees in both state and federal court.
		From the outset of litigation arising from the crash of United 585-prior to the USAir flight 427 crash Boeing denied that its 737 could cause a rudder hard-over in a maneuver not commanded by the pilot.
		All of the cases arising from United Airlines flight 585 pending in Colorado and those arising from USAir flight 427 pending in federal court in Pittsburgh were resolved.
	www.schadenlaw.com /cases_02.aspx (373 words)

	FAA Will Order Redesign of Boeing 737 Rudder Blamed in Two Crashes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Though the 737’s overall safety record is twice as good as the industry average, rudder problems have been blamed for two disasters that killed 157 people.
		United Airlines Flight 585 crashed March 3, 1991, near Colorado Springs, Colo. The 20 passengers and five crew members all died.
		The new unit, a variation of one used on the company’s 757 model, will cost an estimated $50,000 to $60,000 per plane.
	www-tech.mit.edu /V120/N42/faa.42w.html (460 words)

	CNN - Most common jet in world under scrutiny for suspect rudders - March 23, 1999
		The findings were presented at an NTSB hearing into the cause of the September 1994 crash of Flight 427 outside Pittsburgh that killed all 132 on board.
		The same problem may have caused the 1991 crash of United Airlines Flight 585 outside Colorado Springs, Colorado, that killed all 25 aboard, and a 1996 incident in which the pilots of an Eastwind Airlines 737 briefly lost control of their aircraft as they approached Richmond, Virginia.
		Since none of the planes in question had modern, highly informative flight data recorders, the board staff made to assumptions in developing its hypotheses.
	www.cnn.com /US/9903/23/us.air.crash/index.html (672 words)

	AM Archive - Airlines move to counter 737 safety problem
		PETER CAVE: The safety of the most commonly used airline jet in the world is in question with American-based airlines ordering pilots to speed up take-off and descent to handle a fault in the rudder system.
		But the Pittsburgh Tribune in America reports both US Airways and United Airlines have now ordered 737 pilots to fly faster than usual to counter the fault in the rudder system.
		One airline safety employee who did not want to be named down-played the problem pointing out the conditions in which the American accidents occurred with high mountain and windshear were unlikely to occur in Australia.
	www.abc.net.au /am/stories/s56914.htm (442 words)

	Salon Feature \| Crash course in ethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In the TWA Flight 800 crash, for example, they recovered over 95 percent of the 400,000 pound aircraft along with the remains of all 230 aboard who were killed.
		She testified that NTSB personnel are overworked (52 hours per week compared to the industry average of 42 hours), undertrained (40 percent of the NTSB's most experienced employees reported they're not training at all) and underpaid (RAND's survey deemed NTSB's salary structure "not competitive.").
		Over 18 groups were formed to examine everything from flight data recorders, medical forensics, and aircraft performance to cockpit voice recorders, air traffic control and airport security.
	www.salon.com /news/feature/1999/12/06/ntsb/print.html (2288 words)

	'Flight 427: Anatomy Of An Air Disaster' by Gerry Byrne
		In the skies above Pittsburgh in ideal weather on Sept. 8, 1994, USAir Flight 427 from Chicago began what would prove to be its final approach to Pittsburgh International Airport.
		One of them, the 1991 Colorado Springs crash of another 737-300, United Airlines Flight 585, was uncomfortably similar to this one.
		The Federal Aviation Administration, USAir and other commercial airlines, Boeing and its subcontractors, and the Air Line Pilot’s Association (ALPA) all had a stake in the outcome -- and their interests often conflicted.
	www.post-gazette.com /books/reviews/20020707review1030.asp (711 words)

	CPL Chicago: 1972, December 8: Crash of United Airlines Flight 533
		At 2:27 p.m., 1.5 miles from the airport, Flight 533 hit the branches of trees on the south side of 71st Street.
		In the end sabotage was ruled out, but the mystery surrounding the money and the deaths of such prominent, politically connected individuals insured a very thorough investigation.
		The NTSB issued its report after recreating the last minutes of the flight based on the flight and voice recording instruments, interviews with survivors and eyewitnesses on the ground, and physical evidence.
	www.chipublib.org /004chicago/disasters/flight533_crash.html (402 words)

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