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Topic: United Provinces of the Netherlands

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	United Provinces - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1568, the Netherlands, led by William of Orange, revolted against Philip II because of his efforts to modernize and centralize the devolved medieval government structures of the provinces, high taxes, and persecution of Protestants by the Catholic church.
		The United Provinces first tried to choose their own lord, and they asked the Duke of Anjou (sovereign from 1581-1583) to rule them.
		However, the latter agreed to turn the United Provinces into a protectorate of England (Treaty of Nonsuch, 1585), and sent the Earl of Leicester as governor-general.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_Provinces (698 words)

	Station Information - United Provinces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The United Provinces (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden/Provinciën, Republic of the Seven United Netherlands/Provinces -- 1581 - 1795) was a European republic which is now known as the Netherlands.
		The United Provinces first tried to choose their own lord, and they asked the Duke of Anjou and later the Earl of Leicester to rule them.
		The provinces of the republic were Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, Overijssel, Friesland and Groningen.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/u/un/united_provinces.html (422 words)

	Holland
		Holland is a former county of the Holy Roman Empire and later the leading member of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands (1581–1795).
		The province of Holland was the cultural, political and economic center of the United Provices.
		The greatest cities of the provinces were located within the province of Holland such as Amsterdam (the capital), Rotterdam, Leiden, the Hague (the seat of government), Delft, Middelburg, and Haarlem.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/h/ho/holland.html (398 words)

	HOLLAND FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Holland is a former county of the Holy_Roman_Empire, ruled by the Counts of Holland, and later the leading member of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands (''Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden'', 1581–1795).
		The province of Holland was the cultural, political and economic center of the United Provinces.
		The greatest cities of the provinces were located within the province of Holland such as Amsterdam (the capital), Rotterdam, Leiden, the_Hague (the seat of government), Delft and Haarlem.
	www.whereintheworldisbush.com /index.php?s=holland (453 words)

	Holland. Who is Holland? What is Holland? Where is Holland? Definition of Holland. Meaning of Holland.
		Holland is the name of a region in the central-western part of the Netherlands.
		Holland is a former county of the Holy Roman Empire and later the leading member of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands (1581-1795).
		The area is today divided between two provinces of the Netherlands: North Holland (Noord-Holland) and South Holland (Zuid-Holland) that were created in 1840.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Holland (252 words)

	A Brief Outline of Dutch History and the New Netherland Colony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The northern provinces, on the other hand, were collectively known as the United Provinces of the Netherlands or the Dutch Republic, and were often referred to by the name of their principle province, that is, Holland.
		From the formation of the Union of Utrecht these provinces were able to remain a separate republic but it was not until the Treaty of Westphalia, at the conclusion of the Thirty Years War in 1648, that the independence of the Republic of the United Provinces of the Netherlands was finally recognized.
		In 1602 the States General of the United Provinces, known as the Netherlands, chartered the United East India Company (the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, called the VOC) with the mission of exploring for a passage to the Indies and claiming any unchartered territories for the United Provinces.
	www.coins.nd.edu /ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html (4283 words)

	Rembrandt - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (July 15, 1606 - October 4, 1669) is generally considered one of the greatest painters in European art history, and the most important United Provinces (Netherlands) painter of the seventeenth century.
		Rembrandt was born on July 15, 1606, in Leiden, the Netherlands; conflicting sources state that his family either had 7, 9, or 10 children.
		In the Netherlands, the most notable collection of Rembrandt's work is at Amsterdam's Rijksmuseum, including De Nachtwacht (The Night Watch) and De Joodse bruid (The Jewish Bride).
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /rembrandt.htm (1773 words)

	Bynkershoek: Whether the Several Provinces of the United Netherlands Have the Power to Make War
		It is now agreed by all, after Grotius in his Apologeticus proved the point, that each province has the powers of a sovereign state, for this power was never given to the federal government; in fact the first article of the Union forbids the federal government to interfere in the controversies between the individual provinces.
		They might wage war against foreign states in behalf of all the United Provinces or in behalf of some of them, or in their own behalf, that is to say, in the defence of their rights or to repair an injustice that has been committed against the single province.
		However, if the cause was just and the province has the resources with which to enter the war, it is not a friendly act to fail a province that has been wronged, whether because the injustice does not seem to concern the dissenting province directly, or because of some less creditable reason.
	www.lonang.com /exlibris/bynkershoek/bynk-123.htm (1576 words)

	Brabant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The northern part, Noord-Brabant is now a province of the Netherlands, while the southern part comprises three provinces of Belgium, Antwerp, Walloon Brabant and Flemish Brabant.
		After the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the Netherlands gained independence and the northern part of Brabant was handed to the United Provinces of the Netherlands.
		The international border between the Netherlands and Belgium in Brabant is of interest because it is the only international border which is not a continuous line.
	www.theezine.net /b/brabant.html (245 words)

	AllRefer.com - Holland, former county, Holy Roman Empire; former province, the Netherlands (Benelux History) - ...
		Holland, former county of the Holy Roman Empire and, from 1579 to 1795, chief member of the United Provinces of the Netherlands.
		The Hoeks again rebelled when Archduke Maximilian (later Emperor Maximilian I) assumed the guardianship over the Netherlands after the death (1482) of Mary of Burgundy; their fleet was annihilated and their leaders executed in 1490.
		Holland led in the struggle (16th–17th cent.) for Dutch independence, and because it dominated the States-General, its history became virtually identical with that of the Netherlands.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/HollandHRE.html (439 words)

	Kingdom of the Netherlands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The United Provinces of the Netherlands, or Dutch Republic came into being as a result of the Dutch revolt against Spanish rule in the second half of the 16th century.
		For the next 45 years the United Provinces were without a stadholder.
		In 1815 the Congress of Vienna reunited the Belgian territories and those of the United Provinces to form the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
	family-of-man.com /CatalogEnglish/Europe/Low_Countries/kingdom_of_the_netherlands.html (94 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		United Provinces keep all their territory, on condition on their maintaining neutrality in the future.
		Organized by William of Orange, (stadtholder of the United Provinces and later to become King William III of England), the League includes the the United Provinces, Holy Roman Emperor, Sweden, Spain, Bavaria, Saxony, and the Palatinate.
		Fortresses in the Spanish Netherlands to be garrisoned with Dutch troops to provide a barrier between France and the United Provinces.
	www.uscsu.sc.edu /~tpowers/hist102/warsl14.html (773 words)

	Holland from 1581 - 1697 The history of the Lowlands during the 80 years war with Spain, The Republic of the Seven ...
		In 1580, when the sovereignty of the Netherlands was offered to the Duke of Anjou, the two maritime provinces (Holland and Zeeland) refused of to acquiesce, and forced William to accept the title of Count of Holland and Zeeland.
		In the long struggle of the United Provinces with Spain, which followed the death of William I of Orange in1584, the brunt of the conflict fell upon Holland.
		The United Provinces reached the peak of political power when, by forming (1668) the Triple Alliance with Sweden and England, it forced Louis XIV of France to halt the War of Devolution against Spain.
	www.geerts.com /holland/holland-4.htm (4195 words)

	American Conservative Union Foundation
		The thirteen provinces of England's empire in North America who jointly gained independence in 1776 insisted in the convention of 1787 on their autonomy as they formed a single entity to conduct international relations.
		Those Americans were well aware of the confederal forms of government too, such as The United Provinces of the Netherlands and the Helvetic Confederation.
		Each state or province or canton has the ability to raise or lower taxes or increase or decrease regulation of activities purely within its territory.
	acuf.org /issues/issue25/041206gov.asp (821 words)

	Teutonic Order in the Netherlands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Now autonomous, the knights placed themselves under the protection of the United Provinces of the Netherlands in 1637, continuing to function as an hospitaller Order but without its Catholic character.
		The suppression of the Order in the territories of the Confederation of the Rhine in 1809 was followed by the abolition of the Order and the confiscation of its estates in the Kingdom of Holland by command of the French occupying forces on 27 February 1811.
		The return of the House of Orange and the institution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands under the former Stadtholder, Prince William of Nassau, prompted the revival of the Bailiwick as a Dutch Royal Order, effected by Royal Decree of 8 August 1815.
	www.chivalricorders.org /orders/other/teutdtch.htm (457 words)

	Articles - Generality Lands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The city Maastricht was a condominium of the United Provinces and the Bishopric of LiÃ¨ge.
		Westerwolde and Wedde: the south-eastern part of the province of Groningen was a generality land between 1594 and 1619, after which it became part of the province.
		After the French occupation of the Southern Netherlands and the proclamation of the Batavian Republic in 1795 the Generality Lands ceased to exist.
	www.multisection.com /articles/Staats-Oppergelre (355 words)

	AllRefer.com - Frederick Henry (Benelux History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		He became stadtholder of the United Provinces of the Netherlands upon the death (1625) of his brother Maurice of Nassau.
		In 1631 the United Provinces showed their trust in his leadership by declaring the stadtholderate hereditary in his family.
		One year after his death the independence of the Netherlands was recognized in the Peace of Westphalia.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/FredH.html (294 words)

	Production of the Leeuwendaalder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		On the reverse, the lion on the shield is not covered by waves because it is the shield of the United Provinces.
		The provinces and the cities of the Netherlands issued a number of additional crown sized coins, some of which may have circulated in the American colonies in limited numbers.
		A listing of the various issues in existence before or during the time of the New Netherland Colony is appended to give one a better indication of the diversity of crown size coinage minted in the area that came to be known as the United Provinces.
	www.coins.nd.edu /ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/DutchCoins.html (1064 words)

	Dutch Collections: Overviews of the Collections (European Reading Room, Library of Congress)
		On January 1, 1928, the international exchange service of the Netherlands was moved from Delft to the Koninklijke Bibliotheek (Royal Library) at The Hague and established as an official agency.
		The American minister to the Netherlands helped to impress officials at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and at the Royal Library with the importance of having one copy of all the official publications of the Kingdom, including those of the Provinces deposited regularly at the Library of Congress.
		The Netherlands Studies Unit, established in 1942, dealt with a diversity of subjects relating to the Netherlands and Netherlands East Indies.
	www.loc.gov /rr/european/coll/dutc.html (1645 words)

	Section 3: William Temple: Dutch Government /Shaping of the Modern World/Brooklyn College
		Sir William Temple was ambassador to the Netherlands and wrote an account of its government.
		From Observations upon the United Provinces of the Netherlands
		Originally the States-General were convoked by the council of State, where the Prince had the greatest influence: nor, since that change, have the States used to resolve any important matter without his advice.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /history/virtual/reading/core4-03r06.htm (175 words)

	United Provinces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The general name for the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands or Provinces, called Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden or Provinciën in Dutch, the precursor to the present day Netherlands.
		This full name was not always used and several shorter variations were generally known, such as the United Provinces.
		This state came into being when the northern Netherlands formally deposed their lord Philip II of Spain and decided to govern themselves, and lasted until French revolutionary forces invaded in 1795 and set up a new republic, called the Batavian Republic and later the Kingdom of Holland.
	www.eurofreehost.com /un/United_Provinces.html (221 words)

	Holland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		A few regions historically Hollandic became part of other provinces as a result of reforms during the French occupation (1795-1813): Willemstad and surroundings, Biesbosch and the Land of Altena became part of North Brabant, the islands of Vlieland and Terschelling went to Friesland, and the island of Urk to Overijssel (later Flevoland).
		A popular, but incorrect, fake etymology holds that it is derived from hol land ("hollow land"), inspired by the low-lying geography of both the Dutch and the English region (Holland, Lincolnshire).
		The greatest cities of the provinces were located within the province of Holland such as Amsterdam (the capital), Rotterdam, Leiden, the Hague (the seat of government), Delft, and Haarlem.
	www.mywiseowl.com /index.php?title=Holland&action=creativecommons (431 words)

	Timeline Netherlands
		The Catholic heir to the Hapsburg dynasty, Charles V, was elected Holy Roman Emperor, combining the crowns of Spain, Burgundy (with the Netherlands), Austria and Germany.
		1576 Nov 8, All 17 provinces of the Netherlands united in the Pacification of Ghent in the face of Spanish occupation.
		A liberal Protestant, de Groot became involved in religious disputes in the Netherlands and was arrested in 1618 and sentenced to life imprisonment.
	timelines.ws /countries/NETHERLANDS.HTML (13223 words)

	The Netherlands
		Part of the great plain of north and west Europe, the Netherlands has maximum dimensions of 190 by 160 mi (360 by 257 km) and is low and flat except in Limburg in the southeast, where some hills rise up to 322 m (1056 ft).
		In 1814, all the provinces of Holland and Belgium were merged into one kingdom, but in 1830 the southern provinces broke away to form the kingdom of Belgium.
		The Netherlands has extremely liberal social policies: prostitution is legal, and it became the first nation in the world to legalize same-sex marriage (2000) and euthanasia (2002).
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0107824.html (911 words)

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