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Topic: United States Antarctic Expedition Medal

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	Cicero Collectibles United States Military Medals Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A medal is circular in shape and is awarded to individuals who served in specific campaigns or expeditions and for occupation duty and emergency service.
		A bronze star, when worn on a Presidentia Unit Citation ribbon, indicates that the wearer participated in the action for which the unit was honored with the citation; when worn on a campaign ribbon, it denotes participation in a specific battle.
		Each medal and decoration is intended to be a distinctive symbol of the nation’s gratitude for serve by its military personnel and civilians.
	www.dgtraining.net /cicero/USMedals/MedalsHistory.html (493 words)

	[No title]
		The POW Medal shall be issued only to those taken prisoner by foreign armed forces that are hostile to the United States, under circumstances which the Secretary concerned finds to have been comparable to those under which persons have generally been held captive by enemy armed forces during periods of armed conflict.
		United Nations Medal (UNM) is an all encompassing term used to describe the basic bronze medallion, with the U.N. emblem and the letters U.N. on the obverse, suspended from a ribbon.
		The IADB shall be awarded permanently to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who have served on the IADB for at least one year as the Chair of the board, delegates, advisers, officers of the staff, officers of the secretariat, or officers of the Inter-American Defense College.
	www.dtic.mil /whs/directives/corres/text/p134833m.txt (16969 words)

	POLAR/ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION 1910-13
		Antarctic Grotto the Terra Nova as famously captured by Herbert Ponting on the 1910 - 1913 expedition.
		She was purchased for the British National Antarctic Expedition in 1910 for £12,000 a second choice after Captain Scott was unable to obtain the Discovery built especially for his earlier 1901-1904 Antarctic Expedition and now owned by and working for the Hudson Bay Company.
		Although the results of the Dundee Antarctic Expedition of 1892-93 inevitably led to the conclusion that whaling in the Antarctic seas was not then a viable economic proposition, improvements in equipment did eventually lead to the development of a briefly thriving industry in that region.
	www.historikorders.com /polar.htm (14462 words)

	Antarctic Explorers: Richard E. Byrd: The US Antarctic Service Expedition 1939-41
		By the late 1930's, officials of the United States government were becoming aware of the fact that interest in the Antarctic regions was gaining popular momentum among its citizenry due to the successful expeditions of Byrd.
		The Snow Cruiser, designed by Dr. Thomas C. Poulter of the Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition, was built at the Pullman Company at a cost of $150,000, entirely funded by 70 cooperating manufacturers and by the "Friends of the Research Foundation" of the Armour Institute of Chicago, where Dr. Poulter was scientific director.
		Among them were Bendik Johansen and Paul Siple of both the First and Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition, while chief radio operator Clay W. Bailey, master mechanic Vernon D. Boyd, assistant mechanic Louis P. Colombo, and executive assistant Lieutenant Commander Isaac Schlossbach, USN (retired) had all been on the Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition.
	www.south-pole.com /p0000109.htm (4017 words)

	Weather Doctor's Weather History
		When the expedition returned to the United States in April 1947, much work of scientific and military importance had been accomplished at Little America IV and along the coastline of the continent.
		The Antarctic Ocean and continent were particularly prominent in the plans; the region held, after all, a mystique as the last truly unexplored regions on the Earth.
		The major United States' role was to establish scientific research stations in Marie Byrd Land (Byrd Station), on the Filchner Ice Shelf (Ellsworth Station) and on the Clark Peninsula (Wilkes Station).
	www.islandnet.com /~see/weather/history/siple.htm (2395 words)

	Victory Yacht Cruise's Antarctic Page ~ WELCOME! ~ Charters, sailing adventures in Tierra Del Fuego and Cape Horn, ...
		Expeditions to the Antarctic Peninsula, South Georgia, Cape Horn, Falklands and Tierra Del Fuego.
		Lieutenant Charles Wilkes, commander of the U.S. Exploring Expedition of 1838-42, painted this portrait of the expedition's flagship, Vincennes, at anchor in Disappointment Bay, Antartica, in 1840.
		It is the parallel of latitude on the surface of the earth at 66°30¢ S. It marks the N limit of the area in which the sun does not rise on the summer solstice (about June 21) or set on the winter solstice (about December 21).
	www.victory-cruises.com /ANTARCTICA.html (4611 words)

	Antarctic, Patagonia, Cape Horn, Tierra Del Fuego, South Georgia, Arctic Expeditions, VICTORY ADVENTURE TRAVEL
		Expeditions to the Arctic, North Pole, Antarctic Peninsula, South Georgia, Cape Horn, Falklands and Tierra Del Fuego.
		Antarctic plant fossils from the Pliocene indicate the presence of a temperate ecosystem similar to that of southern Patagonia.
		They have constituted a large part of the Antarctic expeditions since the earliest discovery voyages to Antarctica, but it was during the International Geophysical Year (IGY 1957-58) that research activity really became the focus of the expeditions.
	www.victory-cruises.com /antarctic.fotos.html (5384 words)

	Quark Expeditions - Expedition Staff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Fortunately for Quark Expeditions, her favorite places remain the Polar Regions; she regularly publishes articles on the Inuit, Arctic and Antarctic wildlife, and the impact of global warming on the poles.
		Chris joined Quark Expeditions for the Antarctic season 1998-99; his experience and knowledge of the geology, botany, wildlife and exploration history of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands and the Arctic invaluable.
		Her Antarctic experience is extensive, with over 2 years living in small field huts studying penguins, petrels and seals.
	www.quarkexpeditions.com /expedstaff/index.shtml (2735 words)

	Eagle Scout Siple with Admiral Byrd in the Antarctic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		He entered the United States Naval Academy at the age of 20 and was commissioned in 1912.
		The expedition scientists began to carry out their research and Siple, along with the other dog-team drivers, was employed in transporting stores and materials for them.
		Admiral Byrd's next expedition to the Antarctic was in 1934 and he invited Siple to take part and return to Little America as his Personal Assistant and as a fully-fledged member of the Scientific Team.
	www.scouting.milestones.btinternet.co.uk /siple.htm (6456 words)

	Precision Medals - Antarctica Service Medal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		For this award, Antarctica is defined as the "area south of latitude 60 S. Any member of the Armed Forces of the United States, U.S. citizen, or resident alien of the United States, who as a member of a U.S. expedition, participates in or has participated in scientific, direct support, or exploratory operations in Antarctica.
		Personnel who remain on the Antarctic continent during the winter months shall be eligible to wear the "Wintered Over" clasp and disk.
		That clasp shall be worn on the suspension ribbon of the medal.
	www.precisionmedals.com /awards/ant.htm (556 words)

	The Coldest March: New Insight's into Scott's Fatal Antarctic Expedition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In l994, an Antarctic glacier was named in her honor in recognition of that work.
		She is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and a foreign associate of both the French and European Academies of Sciences.
		In March of 2000, she received the National Medal of Science, the United States' highest scientific honor, for "key insights in explaining the cause of the Antarctic ozone hole".
	www.atmos.colostate.edu /dept/seminar/S02_abs/Feb18.html (1029 words)

	Scott Polar Research Institute » 'Polar Bytes' no. 32
		In the Antarctic summer, SPRI staff were aboard the RRS James Clark Ross and, in collaboration with BAS and supported by the Antarctic Funding Initiative of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), undertook geophysical and geological work in the eastern Bellingshausen Sea.
		The recent £100,000 donation by American Express to the New Zealand Antarctic Heritage Trust for the maintenance of the historic huts may yet come to be seen as a generous contribution to an impossible task.
		This rather serious piece of Antarctic Heritage news was followed quickly by the slightly more amusing story that the New Zealand Antarctic Society have placed a life-sized bronze statue of Mrs Chippy, on the grave of Harry McNeish at Karori Cemetery in Wellington, New Zealand.
	www.spri.cam.ac.uk /friends/polarbytes/32 (4111 words)

	Antarctic Book Notes
		Most Antarctic polar buffs are familiar with the Swedish Antarctic Expedition of 1901-4 under the leadership of Otto Nordenskjöld, but, because all of the primary sources are in Spanish and Swedish, few are familiar with the interesting homeward-bound journey aboard the Argentinean relief vessel Uruguay.
		The leader of the small expedition was Ernest Shackleton who, in the next year and a quarter would record some of the greatest achievements of his career and would then, together with his companions, return home as a hero.
		Beau Riffenburgh is an historian specialising in exploration, particularly that of the Antarctic, Arctic, and Africa.
	www.antarctic-circle.org /book.htm (16563 words)

	Military Decorations and Medals of the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		All medals of the Department of Transportation became therefore Homeland Security Department medals.
		Until 1995 it was always worn on the "standard" UN ribbon (blue with white side stripes); since then it can be worn on the ribbon specified for a mission, any subsequent mission being denoted by small bronze five pointed stars.
		8) State decorations are not allowed to be worn by members of US Armed Forces; members of state forces (National Guard, State Guard, etc.) wear them after all other decorations, US and foreign.
	www.medals.lava.pl /us/us1.htm (383 words)

	Coast Guard Ribbons
		If applicable, click on the title of the ribbon for more information.
		Click on the ribbon itself for a full image of the medal.
		All ribbon graphics displayed here have been scanned by Grunt.
	www.gruntsmilitary.com /cgribs.shtml (52 words)

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