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Topic: United States Atomic Energy Commission

	United States Atomic Energy Commission - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		This action reflected America's postwar optimism, with Congress declaring that atomic energy should be employed not only in the form of nuclear weapons for the nation's defense, but also to promote world peace, improve the public welfare and strengthen free competition in private enterprise.
		Before the NRC was created, nuclear regulation was the responsibility of the AEC, which Congress first established in the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 Eight years later, Congress replaced that law with the Atomic Energy Act Amendments of 1954, which for the first time made the development of commercial nuclear power possible.
		The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 put the regulatory functions of the AEC into the new Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which began operations on January 19, 1975; and placed the promotional functions within the Energy Research and Development Administration, which was later absorbed by the United States Department of Energy.
	www.music.us /education/U/United-States-Atomic-Energy-Commission.htm (721 words)

	Atomic Energy Commission - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The act provided for a five-member commission appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, as well as a military liaison committee which the AEC was directed to advise and consult with on all atomic energy matters that related to military applications.
		The AEC became the center of a nation-wide controversy in 1954 as a result of Oppenheimer's suspension (1953) as a consultant to the commission on the alleged grounds that he was a security risk.
		Although the bulk of the AEC's work was in the field of atomic weaponry, it was also involved in projects relating to the peaceful uses of atomic energy (e.g., the development of atomic power plants for the production of electricity).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-atomicencom.html (489 words)

	AEC Statement on Oppenheimer, June 29, 1954
		The Atomic Energy Act of 1946 lays upon the Commissioners the duty to reach a determination as to "the character, associations, and loyalty" of the individuals engaged in the work of the Commission.
		On December 10, 1953, the Commission unanimously voted to institute the regular procedures of the Commission to determine the veracity or falsity of the charges.
		On June 3, 1954, the Commission denied the counsel for Dr. Oppenheimer the privilege of oral argument before the Commission but granted permission to file a written brief with the provision that the brief be presented on or before June 7.
	cicentre.com /Documents/DOC_AEC_Oppenheimer_Statement_1954.htm (10865 words)

	S.C. Code of Laws Title 13 Chapter 7 Nuclear Energy - www.scstatehouse.net-LPITS
		The State of South Carolina and the South Carolina Legislative Council make no warranty as to the accuracy of the data, or changes which may have been enacted since the 2005 Regular Session or which took effect after this database was prepared and users rely on the data entirely at their own risk.
		The Division of State Development of the Department of Commerce, hereinafter in this section referred to as the division, is hereby designated as the agency of the State which shall be responsible for the promotion and development of atomic energy resources in South Carolina.
		It is the policy of the party states to undertake such cooperation on a continuing basis; it is the purpose of this compact to provide the instruments and framework for such a cooperative effort to improve the economy of the South and contribute to the individual and community well-being of the region's people.
	www.scstatehouse.net /code/t13c007.htm (7675 words)

	It Seems Like Yesterday - The Atomic Age
		Atomic power, at present, can only be developed from the 0.7 per cent of pure uranium that has a mass, or atomic weight, of 25 - that is, is composed of atoms that are 25 times the weight of an atom of hydrogen.
		He computed that one pound of uranium 235 releases energy equivalent to that obtained from burning 1300 tons of coal, and the complete fission of 2.75 tons of it would release, as much energy as the total Hydro-Electric power developed in Canada in 1953.
		In the United States such major companies as General Electric and Westinghouse are building full - scale atomic power plants that are expected to be able to compete successfully with conventional power plants within five to ten years.
	www.itseemslikeyesterday.com /Atomic/article_atomic.asp (732 words)

	India - US bilateral agreements
		If the construction of the Tarapur Atomic Power Station is not begun by June 30, 1965, the United States shall not be required, unless it is otherwise agreed, to sell enriched uranium for fuelling the Tarapur Station under this Agreement.
		Some atomic energy materials which the Government of India may request the United States Commission to provide in accordance with this Agreement are harmful to persons and property unless handled and used carefully.
		(f) "Atomic weapon" means any device utilizing atomic energy, exclusive of the means for transporting or propelling the device (where such means is a separable and divisible part of the device), the principal purpose of which is for use as, or for development of, a weapon, a weapon prototype, or a weapon test device.
	www.indianembassy.org /indusrel/India_US_treaties/civil_atomic_energy_august_1963.htm (1757 words)

	United States Atomic Energy Commission Summary
		The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) was established by act of the United States Congress in 1946.
		Before the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) was created, nuclear regulation was the responsibility of the AEC, which Congress first established in the Atomic Energy Act of 1946.
		The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 put the regulatory functions of the AEC into the new NRC, which began operations on January 19, 1975; and placed the promotional functions within the Energy Research and Development Administration, which was later absorbed by the United States Department of Energy.
	www.bookrags.com /Atomic_Energy_Commission (1799 words)

	Agreement for co-operation concerning civil uses of atomic energy between the government of Canada and the government ...
		The principal objective of Canada's atomic energy programme is the civil use of atomic energy and, in particular, the use of atomic energy as a source of electric energy.
		The objective of the atomic energy programme in the United States is twofold: (1) the use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes, and (2) the use of atomic energy for defence purposes.
		The Commission will also sell to Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, [Page 12] under such terms and conditions as may be agreed, such quantities of heavy water as may be required in the power reactor programme in Canada, subject to the availability of supply and the needs of the United States programme.
	www.lexum.umontreal.ca /ca_us/en/cts.1955.15.en.html (2626 words)

	British American Security Information Council
		The Government of the United States shall transfer enriched uranium, and shall arrange enrichment and other uranium services for the Government of the United Kingdom, for military purposes, in such quantities, at such times prior to December 31, 2004, and on such terms and conditions as may be agreed.
		The Government of the United Kingdom shall transfer to the Government of the United States for military purposes such source, by-product and special nuclear material, and equipment of such types, in such quantities, at such times prior to December 31, 2004, and on such terms and conditions as may be agreed.
		"Atomic weapon" means any device utilizing atomic energy, exclusive of the means for transporting or propelling the device (where such means is a separable and divisible part of the device), the principal purpose of which is for use as, or for development of, a weapon, a weapon prototype, or a weapon test device.
	www.basicint.org /nuclear/1958MDA.htm (2171 words)

	DOE Office of Science - Chicago Office
		Almost a year after World War II ended, Congress established the United States Atomic Energy Commission to foster and control the peace time development of atomic science and technology.
		President Harry S. Truman signed the Atomic Energy Act on August 1, 1946, transferring the control of atomic energy from military to civilian hands.
		This action reflected America's postwar optimism, with Congress declaring that atomic energy should be employed not only in the Nation's defense, but also to promote world peace, improve the public welfare and strengthen free competition in private enterprise.
	www.ch.doe.gov /html/site_info/atomic_energy.htm (481 words)

	Sources and Notes
		"Atomic" and "nuclear" are basically synonymous; much as the term "pile" gradually gave way to "reactor," "atomic" was gradually replaced by "nuclear" during the later years of the Manhattan Project and afterwards.
		The portrait of Emperor Hirohito is courtesy the United States Army Signal Corps (via the Library of Congress).
		The portrait of Emperor Hirohito is courtesy the United States Army Signal Corps (via the Library of Congress (LOC)).
	www.cfo.doe.gov /me70/manhattan/sources.htm (11667 words)

	The Avalon Project : 20th Century Documents
		Agreement Between the United States and Cuba for the Lease of Lands for Coaling and Naval stations; February 23, 1903
		Lease to the United States by the Government of Cuba of Certain Areas of Land and Water for Naval or Coaling Stations in Guantanamo and Bahia Honda; July 2, 1903
		Treaty between the United of States of America, Belgium, the British Empire, China, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, and Portugal.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/20th.htm (1522 words)

	C:\NCIWWW\1956_d20.htm
		The Commission shall make delivery of the shipment so postponed on a date indicated by the Government, which date shall be communicated to the Commission at least thirty (30) days before the date the shipment is desired.
		The Commission shall not be liable for any failure to deliver or delay in delivering the heavy water under this Agreement when such failure or delay is due to any cause beyond its control.
		The heavy water sold hereunder shall be for use only in India by die Government In connection with research into and the use atomic energy for peaceful purposes, and shall be retained by the Government, or by other parties authorised by the Government to receive it, and not resold or otherwise distributed.
	www.nci.org /a/1956_d20.htm (625 words)

	Criticality Accidents
		On three occasions, the power excursions were planned; however, the fission energy released during the excursion was significantly larger than was expected.
		The energy was great enough to tear the uranium parts from the assembly, knocking one to the floor, and to distort the steel rods in the frame.
		Destruction of the Borax I Reactor released 135 MW-sec of fission energy.
	www.cddc.vt.edu /host/atomic/accident/critical.html (4824 words)

	Atomic Energy Commission
		The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) was authorized by the Atomic Energy Act of 1946.
		The Atomic Energy Act of 1946, also known as the McMahon Act, decided in favor of civilian control, but continued a strict government monopoly on both scientific and technological knowledge, and fissionable materials.
		The commission’s most controversial advice was that the United States should continue to expand its atomic bomb arsenal rather than develop hydrogen bombs, which the committee deemed to be too destructive to have any purely military purpose.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1813.html (959 words)

	10cfr40 (historic)
		Unless authorized by a license issued by the Commission, no person may transfer or deliver, receive possession of or title to, or export from the United States, any source material after removal from its place of deposit in nature.
		Upon a determination that an application meets the requirements of the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 and of the regulations of the Commission, the Commission will issue a license in such form and upon such conditions as it deems appropriate and in accordance with law.
		A violation of the regulations in this part shall be deemed to be a violation of the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 and shall subject the violator to the penalties therein prescribed.
	freenet.buffalo.edu /nuclear/10cfr40h.htm (638 words)

	Radiation Exposures Over 15 REM (Whole-Body)
		An unplanned nuclear excursion occurred in a plutonium processing facility due to the inadvertent accumulation of approximately 1500 grams of plutonium in 45-50 liters of dilute nitric acid solution in a 69-liter glass transfer tank.
		The sequence of events which led to the accumulation of the plutonium in the tank cannot be stated positively.
		However, it is believed that, when a tank valve was opened, the solution from another vessel overflowed to a sump and was drawn into the transfer tank through a temporary line between this tank and the sump.
	www.cddc.vt.edu /host/atomic/accident/radexpos.html (2328 words)

	Atomic Weapons
		The Atomic bomb was dropped to put an end to the war before we had to invade* mainland Japan.
		The USSBS (United States Strategic Bombing Survey) had concluded that Japan would have surrendered by the end of the year, without invasion and without the atomic bomb.
		The Soviets had stated that they would go to war with Japan, meaning she was totally left without any possible Allies and thoroughly routed.
	members.aol.com /TeacherNet/Atomic.html (1442 words)

	Allegheny Energy, Inc.; Rel. No. 35-27923 / December 14, 2004
		Allegheny Energy, Inc. ("Allegheny"), a registered holding company under the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, as amended ("Act"), Greensburg, Pennsylvania, has filed a declaration ("Declaration") with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("Commission") under section 12(d) and rule 44 of the Act.
		In addition, each of the operating companies is subject to regulation by state commissions that are able to protect utility customers within their respective states.
		Allegheny states that the fees, commissions and expenses incurred or to be incurred in connection with this Declaration will be approximately $10,000.
	www.sec.gov /divisions/investment/opur/filing/35-27923.htm (1128 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - About
		The Energy Citations Database (ECD) contains over two million bibliographic citations for energy and energy related STI from the Department of Energy (DOE) and its predecessor agencies, the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) and the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC).
		After the war, the authority to continue this research was transferred from the Army to the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) through the Atomic Energy Act of 1946.
		To achieve a major Federal energy reorganization, the Department of Energy (DOE) was activated on October 1, 1977.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/about.jsp (649 words)

	Energy Reorganization Act (ERA)
		Whenever a person has failed to comply with an order issued under subsection (b)(2), the Secretary may file a civil action in the United States district court for the district in which the violation was found to occur to enforce such order.
		The appropriate United States district court shall have jurisdiction, without regard to the amount in controversy or the citizenship of the parties, to enforce such order.
		Subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to any employee who, acting without direction from his or her employer (or the employer’s agent), deliberately causes a violation of any requirement of this Act or of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended.
	www.osha.gov /dep/oia/whistleblower/acts/era.html (1201 words)

	Suggested Readings
		The purpose of this web page is not to catalogue it, but only to suggest a very select few places to start.
		Jones, Vincent C. Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb, United States Army in World War II.
		Atomic Energy for Military Purposes: The Official Report on the Development of the Atomic Bomb under the Auspices of the United States Government, 1940-1945.
	www.mbe.doe.gov /me70/manhattan/readings.htm (297 words)

	Truman Library - PAPERS OF LAWRENCE R. HAFSTAD
		Organized and presented a lecture course on atomic energy for senior naval officers.
		A significant part of the collection consists of Hafstad’s reports and published material, and related matter on atomic energy, how it should be handled, and its potential uses in one way or another.
		These reports and the related matter offer a very interesting view of how concerned the United States was with obtaining knowledge for the use of atomic energy for any purpose, particularly the delivery of atomic weapons.
	www.trumanlibrary.org /hstpaper/hafstad.htm (712 words)

	United States Atomic Energy Commission - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		President Harry S. Truman signed the Atomic Energy Act (see McMahon Act) on August 1, 1946, transferring the control of atomic energy from military to civilian hands.
		Supporters and critics of nuclear power agreed that the promotional and regulatory duties of the AEC should be assigned to different agencies.
		Chairmen of the United States Atomic Energy Commission
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission (586 words)

	John von Neumann Papers (Library of Congress)
		The status of copyright in the unpublished writings of John Von Neumann is governed by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U.S.C.).
		The papers pertain primarily to Von Neumann's career in the United States after he emigrated from Hungary to the United States in 1930.
		Of particular interest are files relating to his work at the United States Army Ballistic Research Laboratory in Aberdeen, Maryland.
	www.loc.gov /rr/mss/text/vonneumn.html (1419 words)

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