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	United States Naval Observatory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is located in Northwest Washington, D.C. It is one of the very few observatories located in an urban area (when it was initially constructed, it was far from the light pollution generated by the then-smaller city center).
		John Quincy Adams spent many nights at the observatory with Maury watching and charting the stars because it had always been one of Adams' hobbies to study the stars which is another reason he passed the bill for the creation of a national observatory just before his leaving presidential office.
		Today, as in the past, the modern United States Naval Observatory continues to be a major authority in the areas of time-keeping and celestial observation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_States_Naval_Observatory (542 words)

	Number One Observatory Circle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Number One Observatory Circle is the official residence of the Vice President of the United States and his family.
		Located on the grounds of the United States Naval Observatory in Washington, DC, the house was built in 1893 for its superintendent.
		The vice presidential mansion was refurbished by the United States Navy in early 2001, only slightly delaying the move of new vice president Dick Cheney and his family.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Number_One_Observatory_Circle (331 words)

	United States Department of Defense - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The United States Department of Defense, abbreviated as DoD or DOD and sometimes called the Defense Department, is a civilian Cabinet organization of the United States government.
		The Establishment had the unfortunate abbreviation 'NME' (the obvious pronunciation being "enemy"), and was renamed the "Department of Defense" (abbreviated as DOD or DoD) on August 10, 1949; in addition, the Secretary of Defense was given greater authority over the three military departments (Army, Navy, and Air Force).
		Under the act, the chain of command runs from the President of the United States, through the Secretary of Defense, to the regional commanders within one of several commands who command all military forces within their area of operation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/US_Department_of_Defence (848 words)

	United States Naval Observatory. The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000
		United States Naval Observatory, a Federal astronomical observatory, Wash., D. It evolved from the Navy’s oldest scientific institution, the Depot of Charts and Instruments, founded in 1830; the observatory was completed in 1844 and moved to its present site in 1893.
		The main programs of the Naval Observatory involve continual observations of the positions and motions of celestial bodies for astronomical and navigational purposes and for the derivation and broadcasting of accurate time signals.
		Atomic, cesium, and mercury ion clocks, and hydrogen maser frequency standards, are all used for the observatory’s time system, which is accurate to within a few billionths of a second per day.
	www.bartleby.com /69/55/U00855.html (271 words)

	United States. The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000
		The Congress of the U.S., the legislative branch, is bicameral and consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
		The new Western states, linked in outlook to the North, had long since caused the South to lose hold of the House of Representatives, and Southern parity in the Senate was threatened by the prospective addition of more free states than slaveholding ones.
		level, progressivism triumphed in the states in legislation beneficial to labor, in the furthering of education, and in the democratization of electoral procedures.
	www.bartleby.com /69/54/U00854.html (10854 words)

	National Park Service: Astronomy and Astrophysics (United States Naval Observatory)
		The United States Naval Observatory is the oldest scientific institution in the Navy, being first established in 1830 as the Depot of Charts and Instruments.
		The Naval Observatory, along with the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England, and the Pulkovo Observatory in the Soviet Union, is one of the few places in the world that continually observes and determines the positions of the sun, moon, planets, and stars.
		The United States Naval Observatory is the only place in the United States where precise instruments measure celestial motions to provide accurate time and other astronomical data which are essential for safe navigation at sea, in the air, and in space.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/butowsky5/astro4g.htm (2480 words)

	Distribution of Time Signals (1905)
		The United States Naval Observatory was established in 1842, prior to which time this Government was almost wholly dependent upon Greenwich, Pulkowa, and Paris, and on college observatories on this side of the Atlantic.
		The object of Lieutenant Wilkes in establishing his naval observatory in embryo, was solely to provide facilities for obtaining the clock errors needed for the determination of true time and the rating of naval chronometers then under his charge.
		Yet another phase of the activities of the Naval Observatory is found in the regulation of all the chronometers of the Navy.
	earlyradiohistory.us /1905tim.htm (2603 words)

	AllRefer.com - United States Naval Observatory (Astronomical Observatories) - Encyclopedia
		United States Naval Observatory, a federal astronomical observatory, located in Washington, D. It evolved from the Navy's oldest scientific institution, the Depot of Charts and Instruments, founded in 1830; the observatory was completed in 1844 and moved to its present site in 1893.
		The principal instrument at the Washington headquarters is an Alvan Clark 26-in.
		Atomic clocks, cesium clocks, mercury ion clocks, and hydrogen maser frequency standards are all used for the observatory's time system, which is accurate to within a few billionths of a second per day.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/U/USNavalO.html (368 words)

	United States Naval Observatory - Wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The U.S. Naval Observatory is one of the oldest scientific agencies in the USA.
		Its most important task was the calibration of ship's chronometers, which was accomplished by timing the transit of stars across the meridian.
		Today, the U.S. Naval Observatory is the preeminent authority in the areas of time keeping and celestial observing; determining and distributing the timing and astronomical data required for accurate navigation and fundamental astronomy.
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /us/USNO.html (104 words)

	[No title]
		Naval Observatory: administration -STATUTE- (a) The Naval Observatory shall be attached to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.
		All orders issued by the Chief of Naval Operations in performing the duties assigned to him are issued under the authority of the Secretary of the Navy.
		Naval Observatory: exchange of information with foreign offices -STATUTE- (a) The Secretary of the Navy may arrange to exchange data with foreign almanac offices to reduce the duplication of work in preparing the different national nautical and astronomical almanacs and make available for publication a larger amount of data useful to navigators and astronomers.
	uscode.house.gov /download/pls/10C639.txt (843 words)

	The United States Naval Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The U.S. Naval Observatory is one of the oldest scientific agencies in the country.
		Today, the U.S. Naval Observatory is the preeminent authority in the areas of Precise Time and Astrometry, and distributes Earth Orientation parameters and other Astronomical Data required for accurate navigation and fundamental astronomy.
		The U.S. Naval Observatory is currently operating a state-of-the-art optical interferometer on Anderson Mesa near Flagstaff, Arizona.
	www.usno.navy.mil (160 words)

	NARA - Guide to Federal Records - Records of the U.S. Naval Observatory
		Known variously and informally, 1844-54, as the United States Naval Observatory, the Hydrographical Office, the Depot of Charts, the National Observatory, and the Washington Observatory.
		Naval Observatory separated from Hydrographical Office, and retained in the Bureau of Navigation, by an act of June 21, 1866 (14 Stat.
		Related Records: Naval Historical Foundation collection of correspondence of the Naval Depot of Charts and Instruments, 1833-54, and of the Naval Observatory, 1866-95, is in the Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
	www.archives.gov /research/guide-fed-records/groups/078.html?template=print (808 words)

	Edward Everett Hayden and Family Papers (Library of Congress)
		Edward Everett Hayden (1858-1932) was born in Boston and graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1879.
		He lost his leg in a climbing accident while on duty with the United States Geological Survey and subsequently was forced to retire in 1885.
		After graduation, she worked with charitable organizations in the United States and Europe, as an Associated Press correspondent on the Herbert Hoover presidential campaign of 1928, and as a reporter in Berlin, Germany, 1929-32.
	www.loc.gov /rr/mss/text/hayden.html (3315 words)

	United States Naval Observatory on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		UNITED STATES NAVAL OBSERVATORY [United States Naval Observatory] a federal astronomical observatory, located in Washington, D. It evolved from the Navy's oldest scientific institution, the Depot of Charts and Instruments, founded in 1830; the observatory was completed in 1844 and moved to its present site in 1893.
		America's greatest voyage of discovery: he was the American naval officer in charge of one of the most successful exploration expeditions of all time.
		The first decade of the United States Fish Commission: its plan of work and accomplished results, scientific and economical.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/u/us1n1avalo1.asp (774 words)

	The US Naval Observatory 1940-45
		Naval Radio stations at Honolulu and in the Canal Zone transmit time signals which are based on Naval Observatory time.
		One of the many scientific duties of the Naval Observatory is the determination and promulgation of information in connection with all solar and lunar eclipses.
		Columbia University Astronomy professor Wallace Eckert was appointed USNO Head Astronomer and Director of the USNO Nautical Almanac Office in 1940, and remained in that position until 1945 when he returned to Columbia to found the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory.
	www.columbia.edu /acis/history/navalobservatory.html (950 words)

	VOA News Report
		The United States Naval Observatory performs an important scientific duty for the United States, the Navy, and the Department of Defense.
		The purpose of the United States Naval Observatory is to discover the exact position and motion of the Earth, sun, moon, planets, stars and other space objects.
		The Naval Observatory is one of the oldest scientific agencies in the country.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/2002/09/mil-020920-375de23f.htm (1217 words)

	Encyklopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		It was later bought by the Medici family in 1549: as the official residence of the ruling families of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, it was enlarged and enriched almost continually over the following three centuries.
		In the 19th century, the palazzo, by then a great treasure house, was used as a power base by Napoleon I, and later served for a brief period as the principal royal palace of the newly united Italy.
		In the early 20th century, the palazzo together with its contents was given to the Italian people by the King Victor Emmanuel III, subsequently its doors were opened to the public to serve as one of Florence's largest art galleries.
	encyclopedia.maksiu.info /wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States (647 words)

	Classical Observation Techniques [RU 9534] - Smithsonian Videohistory Collection
		A primary objective of the United States Naval Observatory (USNO), one of the oldest American observatories in continued existence, was to determine time and star position using state-of-the-art astronomical techniques.
		In order to fulfill its objective, the USNO engaged in meridian astronomy and astrometric studies, which provided a fundamental frame of reference whereby the many motions of the earth in space and its position in time could be determined against a celestial reference frame.
		Worley assumed the position of astronomer to the United States Naval Observatory in 1961 and since 1966 has been the administrative assistant director of the Astrometry and Astrophysics Division.
	www.si.edu /archives/ihd/videocatalog/9534.htm (1010 words)

	Telescope: Naval Observatory 26-inch Refractor
		The observatory director turned to Alvan Clark and his son, Alvan Graham Clark, of Massachusetts.
		The Clarks built the Naval Observatory an achromatic refractor with a 26-inch (66-centimeter) lens doublet in 1873.
		The observatory was eventually moved to a new location, outside the old city limits of Washington, because of the foggy conditions around the original site.
	amazing-space.stsci.edu /resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/scopes/naval/index.php (245 words)

	Simon Newcomb, Rear Admiral, United States Navy
		He came to the United States in 1853 and was appointed computer on Nautical Almanac in 1857.
		In 1861 he was appointed professor of mathematics in the United States Navy, and assigned to duty at the United States naval observatory in Washington.
		He visited the Saskatchewan region in 1860 to observe an eclipse of the sun, and in 1870-'1 was sent to Gibraltar for a similar purpose, and in 1882 he observed the transit of Venus at the Cape of Good Hope.
	www.arlingtoncemetery.net /simonnew.htm (675 words)

	Sixth DoD Astrometry Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The U.S. Naval Observatory is located in northwest Washington, D.C., on Massachusetts Avenue, 1 km (0.6 mile) west of Rock Creek Park.
		All other forum events will be held in Naval Observatory Building 56, which is the building immediately adjacent to the South Gate.
		It is also possible to walk to the Naval Observatory from either the Dupont Circle station or the Woodley Park-Zoo/Adams Morgan station, both on the Red Line.
	ad.usno.navy.mil /forum/directions.html (806 words)

	Sky and Ocean Joined - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		As one of the oldest scientific institutions in the United States, the U. Naval Observatory has a rich and colorful history.
		This volume is, first and foremost, a story of the relations between space, time and navigation, from the rise of the chronometer in the United States to the Global Positioning System of satellites, for which the Naval Observatory provides the time to a billionth of a second per day.
		It is a story of the history of technology, in the form of telescopes, lenses, detectors, calculators, clocks and computers over 170 years.
	www.cambridge.org /uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521815991 (441 words)

	NOAA Ocean Explorer: Vicissitudes of Ocean Exploration
		He served in the Pacific and on the European station during this period and met heads of state and European royalty in his capacity as a senior naval officer.
		This ship was then under orders from Matthew Fontaine Maury of the United States Naval Observatory to make soundings in the North Atlantic Ocean between New York and Ireland.
		In addition to this work, we were directed to examine the ocean for dangers that were marked doubtful, with a view of erasing them from the charts, and also for determining surface and deep-sea currents.
	oceanexplorer.noaa.gov /library/readings/vicissitudes/vicissitudes.html (1755 words)

	The USNO Astrometry Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) is responsible for the determination of the positions and motions of stars and solar system objects and the establishment of celestial reference frames.
		Advanced equipment and methods, such as large scale CCD measuring devices, speckle and radio interferometry, are being used or developed to extend the accuracy and brightness limits of the reference frames.
		The results of the observational programs are published in the Naval Observatory Publications and in refereed journals.
	ad.usno.navy.mil (117 words)

	Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton: Visiting the United States Naval Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The official home of the Vice President of the United States is located on the historic grounds of the United States Naval Observatory.
		The Observatory conducts a free 90-minute tour of its facilities on alternating Monday nights from 8:30PM to 10:30PM, except on federal holidays.
		The Observatory is not open to the public at any other time.
	clinton.senate.gov /services/visiting/observatory.cfm (215 words)

	Spectracom - Glossary
		Established in 1830, the USNO is one of the oldest scientific agencies in the United States.
		The USNO determines and distributes the timing and astronomical data required for accurate navigation and fundamental astronomy.
		Both NIST and the USNO can be considered official sources of time and frequency in the United States.
	www.spectracomcorp.com /glossary.aspx?word=u (210 words)

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