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Topic: United States Presidential election of 1860

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	Election 2004
		To become president of the United States, a candidate must have lived in the country for at least 14 years, be a natural-born U.S. citizen, and be at least 35 years old.
		The 26th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified (approved) by the states in 1971, officially lowered the voting age to 18 for all elections, state and federal.
		In state and national elections, each state's secretary of state, who is the official administrator of the state's election laws, must be notified of the results.
	teacher.scholastic.com /activities/election2004/process_democracy.htm (2410 words)

	election. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In the Middle Ages elections were abandoned, except for such processes as elections to the papacy and, in a more limited sense, of the Holy Roman emperor by a small and partly hereditary body of electors.
		In colonial America the election of church and public officials dates almost from the founding of the Plymouth Colony, and the paper ballot was instituted in elections to the Massachusetts governorship in 1634.
		The Constitution specified that elections to the House of Representatives be direct, or popular, and that the election of the Senate and of the president and vice president be indirect, Senators being chosen by the state legislatures and the president and vice president by electors selected by the people (see electoral college).
	www.bartleby.com /65/el/election.html (854 words)

	Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections
		Election Results: link directs the browser to detailed national results for the major and minor candidates for U.S. President in the general (November) presidential elections from 1789 through 2004.
		The Election Results link also directs the browser to detailed national and state-level results for the major candidates for U.S. President during the presidential primaries (at present, information is only available for the 2000 and 2004 election cycles).
		Election Information: menu directs the browser to election information including: historical details (such as election dates, electoral votes by state, the electoral college, etc.), Presidential Election Law from the U.S. Constitution and United States Code, Articles, and a description of the election process.
	www.uselectionatlas.org (428 words)

	James Buchanan's 4th Annual Message to Congress - 1860
		Nor is the Government of the United States, created by the Constitution, less a government, in the strict sense of the term, within the sphere of its powers than the governments created by the constitutionsof the States are within their several spheres.
		No State shall without the consent of Congress lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State or with a foreign power, or engage is war, unless actuary invaded or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.
		The answer is that a very large proportion of the people of the United States still contest the correctness of this decision, and never will cease from agitation and admit its binding force until clearly established by the people of the several States in their sovereign character.
	www.geocities.com /presidentialspeeches/1860.htm (12074 words)

	Presidential and Congressional Election Returns
		The election of the president of the United States has been considered from the very beginning the most important political event in the life of the nation.
		Proceedings of elections for U.S. senators by the General Assembly may be found in the journals of the Virginia House of Delegates and Senate.
		The election records in the Archives were initially filed with the records of the secretary of the commonwealth.
	www.lva.lib.va.us /whatwehave/elect/pres_election.htm (1697 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The United States of America
		In examining the constitutionality of a state law one is to assume that the state legislature has power to pass all acts whatever, unless they are prohibited by the Constitution of the United States or by the constitution of the state.
		It also provides that the citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states; for the return of fugitives from justice and for the admission of new states.
		In the third presidential election the administration was embarrassed by the taxes necessary for building up a navy, by the Alien and Sedition Laws, and by dissension among the Federalist leaders.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15156a.htm (21483 words)

	Election of 1860
		Election of 1860 With the parties split and compromise no longer a solution, the election of 1860 was less a national election that two sectional elections.
		Most Southern states refused to put LincolnÃ¢ÂÂs name on the ballot orElection of 1860 With the parties split and compromise no longer a solution, the election of 1860 was less a national election that two sectional elections.
		On the approach of the period for the 1860 election the state of public feeling had grown far more violent, and the hot-headed leaders of Southern politics were so determined upon having all or nothing that they divided their party and insured...
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h92.html (668 words)

	United States History - Secession and Civil War
		In the presidential election of 1860 the Republican Party nominated Abraham Lincoln as its candidate.
		Once the election returns were certain, a special South Carolina convention declared "that the Union now subsisting between South Carolina and other states under the name of the "United States of America' is hereby dissolved." By February 1, 1861, six more Southern states had seceded.
		Twenty-three states with a population of 22 million were arrayed against 11 states inhabited by 9 million.
	countrystudies.us /united-states/history-64.htm (636 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/United States presidential election, 1860
		In 1860, this issue finally came to a head, bringing Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party to power without the support of a single Southern State, while simultaneously fracturing the formerly dominant Democratic Party into Southern and Northern factions.
		The 1860 campaign was less frenzied than 1856, when the Republicans had crusaded zealously, and their opponents counter-crusaded with warnings of civil war.
		The state was long waiting for an excuse to secede and unite the southern states against the anti-slavery forces.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1860 (1570 words)

	University Libraries > User Guides > Subject Guides > Arts & Humanities > United States in 1860
		This is a guide to selected sources of information related to the history of the United States in 1860, available through the URI Libraries.
		Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-2005, the Continental Congress, September 5, 1774 to October 21, 1788, and the Congress of the United States from the First through the One Hundredth Congresses, March 1789 to January 3, 2005, Inclusive.
		Entries for each election contain political maps, tables displaying electoral and popular vote counts, and brief articles describing the election process and campaign strategies of the candidates.
	www.uri.edu /library/guides/subject/arthum/usa1860.html (1399 words)

	Worldwide Elections Guide: Services & Information: SSHL
		Election Statistics: The Clerk of the U.S. House Representatives lists elections results from 1920 to most recent, the official vote counts for presidential electors, U.S. senators, and U.S. Representatives.
		Presidential Elections and Electoral College: created by the Library of Congress, presents the pages from records of Congressional debates and Congressional action on presidential elections, contested information and electoral votes from 1789 to 1873.
		Presidential Elections and the Electoral College (The Proceedings of the Electoral Commission of 1877): This Library of Congress project presents the pages from records of Congressional debates on presidential elections, contested presidential elections, electoral colleges from 1789 to 1873.
	sshl.ucsd.edu /election/pres.html (1280 words)

	Themes: The Election of 1840 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This was the first national election in which a president addressed crowds directly to appeal for their votes; it marked the first time a party campaigned on an official party platform; and it brought partisan tactics such as parades, barbecues and image-making to new extremes.
		The Democrats had formed around Andrew Jackson in the 1820s and were electioneering in 1840 under the banner of Jackson's party lieutenant and Vice President, Martin Van Buren.
		The intense electioneering of 1840 generated an unprecedented turnout: nearly 80 percent of the electorate voted, up from 58 percent in 1836.
	amistad.mysticseaport.org /discovery/themes/election.1840.html (1063 words)

	2000 Presidential Election
		The 2000 presidential election between the Republican ticket of George W. Bush and Richard Cheney and the Democratic slate of Albert Gore, Jr., and Joseph Lieberman resulted in the most bizarre vote count in American history.
		The Democrats then sought court action mandating a ballot recount in counties where irregularities were claimed in the counting of the ballots, particularly the failure to count votes where ballots were punched only partly through to indicate a candidate choice, the so-called "hanging chads".
		The Court further held, by a 5 to 4 majority, that Federal election law specified a December 12 deadline for states to certify their winners, and that accordingly it was too late to allow any statewide recount remedy to proceed, even if the recount proceeded under the original standard.
	www.eagleton.rutgers.edu /e-gov/e-politicalarchive-2000.htm (471 words)

	Lincoln Wins the Republican Nomination in 1860
		This was the Republican party's second presidential convention, and the man everyone expected to receive the nomination was the powerful and well-known William H. Seward of New York.
		Since Illinois was considered a doubtful state for candidate Seward should he be the Republican candidate (where he would have a tough time defeating the anticipated Democratic nominee--Illinois’ other favorite son, Stephen A. Douglas), Weed was prepared to acquire Illinois votes on the second ballot by offering Lincoln the vice-presidential spot.
		Several states, including Vermont, were glad to find that the “stop Seward” forces were finally uniting behind one man and committed most of their subsequent votes to Lincoln.
	members.tripod.com /~greatamericanhistory/gr02010.htm (1482 words)

	United States presidential election, 1860 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The U.S. presidential election of 1860 set the stage for the American Civil War as the political system split four ways as it proved unable to hold the nation together.
		In 1860, this issue finally came to a head, bringing Abraham Lincoln and the Republican party to power, while it simultaneously fractured the formerly dominant Democratic Party in two.
		The state was long waiting for an excuse to secede and unite the southern states against the anti-slavery forces.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1860 (1619 words)

	Apple Learning Interchange
		In years of presidential elections, interest is heightened among students and their families about the U.S. Presidents and U.S. history.
		The quest for women's suffrage in the United States was a 72-year struggle for the simple and inalienable right of representation and equality for women.
		These are the official election results for the House, Senate, and Presidential Electors of all states and territories tabulated by the Clerk of the House of Representatives.
	ali.apple.com /features/elections.shtml (1050 words)

	Results of Presidential Elections - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net
		Prior to the 1804 election, the method of electing the Vice President, as spelled out in the Constitution, was for the first runner-up to be the Vice President.
		Starting with the 1804 election, the method of electing the Vice President, as spelled out in the 12th Amendment, led to separate ballots cast for the President and Vice President, with the winner in each race gaining the seat.
		In 1854, Congress established Election Day as the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November; 1856 was the first time all presidential elections happened on the same day by law.
	www.usconstitution.net /elections.html (331 words)

	Presidential Election of 1860
		Abraham Lincoln was elected from the state of Illinois and was a Republican, John Breckinridge represented the southern states and was nominated by the Democratic Party, John Bell represented the Constitutional Union, and Stephen Douglas candidate for the Democrats.
		Abraham Lincoln was from the state of Illinois.
		The turquoise colored states represented Stephen A. Douglas’s states, green was for Abraham Lincoln, brown was for John Brekinridge, and gray was for John Bell.
	www.east-buc.k12.ia.us /99_00/CW/dms/dms.htm (660 words)

	United States presidential election, 1860 information - Search.com
		In 1860, this issue finally came to a head, bringing Abraham Lincoln and the Republican party to power, while it simultaneously fractured the formerly dominant Democratic Party in two.
		The immediate result was the secession of seven southern states to form their own country and the outbreak of the American Civil War.
		The election of Lincoln made South Carolina's secession from the United States a foregone conclusion.
	www.search.com /reference/United_States_presidential_election,_1860 (1624 words)

	HarpWeek \| Elections \| 1860 Overview
		In the settlement of the war between Mexico and the United States (1846-1848), America acquired the territories of California, New Mexico, and Utah.
		In the closing months of 1859, the nation’s attention was riveted by the failed attempt of abolitionist John Brown to capture a federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, and use the weapons to arm a slave rebellion.
		Douglas was the leading candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination, but he faced competition from Senator Robert M. Hunter of Virginia, former Treasury Secretary James Guthrie of Kentucky, and Senator Andrew Johnson of Tennessee.
	elections.harpweek.com /1860/Overview-1860-1.htm (1206 words)

	Election Information
		Emphasis is on California (especially Los Angeles) and United States elections/candidates/issues of interest to Californians, including Presidential Elections.
		Election Statistics (Clerk of the House of Representatives) links to documents with the official vote counts for federal elections since 1920.
		Local favorites include California State University, Northridge's Oviatt Library (their research guide Society's Issues: Controversial and Current is a good place to begin researching a controversial issue) and the Los Angeles Public Library.
	library.csun.edu /Find_Resources/Government_Publications/election.html (828 words)

	Biography of Abraham Lincoln
		When Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter and forced its surrender, he called on the states for 75,000 volunteers.
		He lost the election, but in debating with Douglas he gained a national reputation that won him the Republican nomination for President in 1860.
		This he stated most movingly in dedicating the military cemetery at Gettysburg: "that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain--that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom--and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."
	www.whitehouse.gov /history/presidents/al16.html (575 words)

	The Election of 1860
		By the election of 1860 profound divisions existed among Americans over the future course of their country, and especially over the South's "peculiar institution," slavery.
		During the presidency of James K. Polk (1841-1849), the United States had confirmed the annexation of Texas to the Union, negotiated a treaty with Great Britain for the Oregon territory up to the 49th parallel, and, as a result of the Mexican War, added California and New Mexico as well.
		The southern Democratic wing nominated the present vice president of the United States, John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky, as its presidential candidate, and Joseph Lane of Oregon as his running mate.
	www.tulane.edu /%7Elatner/Background/BackgroundElection.html (2060 words)

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