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Topic: United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor

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	United States Department of Commerce - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was subsequently renamed to the Department of Commerce on March 4, 1913, and its bureaus and agencies specializing in labor were transferred to the new Department of Labor.
		It is administered by the United States Secretary of Commerce.
		From 1903 to 1913, it was administered by the United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce (196 words)

	governpub.com: President>>United States Cabinet
		The United States Federal Executive Departments are among the oldest primary units of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States—the Departments of State, War, and the Treasury all being established within a few weeks of each other in 1789.
		Secretary of Foreign Affairs was renamed Secretary of State and given additional responsibilities in March 1790.
		From 1789 to 1947, the duties of the Secretary of Defense were instead handled by Cabinet-level positions of the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy.
	www.governpub.com /president/cabinet.html (1136 words)

	Status of US Financial Obligations to The United Nations - Global Policy Forum - UN Financial Crisis
		The United States continues to accrue arrears of about $78 million annually due to the enactment in 1994 of legislation that "caps" the U.S. assessed contribution to U.N. peacekeeping at 25 percent.
		The United Nations system is on the front line of the war against terrorism through its efforts to improve people's daily lives and their prospects for the future.
		United States' participation in U.N. peacekeeping operations is an effective way of containing conflict while working diplomatically to identify peaceful solutions to disputes.
	www.globalpolicy.org /finance/unitedstates/2002/06status.htm (1584 words)

	UNITED STATES : Encyclopedia Entry
		The Northern states were opposed to the expansion of slavery whereas the Southern states saw the opposition as an attack on their way of life, since their economy was dependent on slave labor.
		The United States Constitution is the supreme legal document in the American system, and serves as a social contract between the people of the United States and their government.
		The economic history of the United States is a story of economic growth that began with marginally successful colonial economies and progressed to the largest industrial economy in the world in the 20th and early 21st century.
	bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/United_States (5830 words)

	Child Labor Coalition: About Us
		Before delving into how child labor laws would be affected by U.S. ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, we first need to describe child labor in the United States and the laws which have been enacted to control child labor.
		The Fair Labor Standards Act prohibits "oppressive child labor." Oppressive child labor is defined as the employment of a minor in an occupation for which he or she does not meet the minimum age standard.
		Employment of children under age 16 by a parent (or a person in place of the child's parent) in their own enterprise, is excluded from the definition of oppressive child labor, provided the work is not in mining or manufacturing, or in an occupation declared hazardous by the Secretary of Labor.
	www.stopchildlabor.org /Archives/georget.html (2865 words)

	Department of Commerce Home Page -
		The first Secretary of Commerce, William C. Redfield, was an iron-and-steel executive and author of a book entitled "The New Industrial Day." The first Secretary of Commerce and Labor was George B. Cortelyou.
		The longest-serving Secretary of Commerce was Herbert Hoover, a mining engineer who directed projects in Australia and for the Chinese before his public service career, which culminated in his election as President of the United States.
		Charles Sawyer was lieutenant governor of Ohio and Elliot Richardson served as lieutenant governor of Massachusetts.
	www.commerce.gov /secretaries.html (500 words)

	Issues : Labor (www.newsaic.com)
		The first child labor law in the United States was passed by Massachusetts in 1836; it required that children under the age of 15 who were employed in manufacturing spend at least three months in school.
		The national attitude towards child labor began changing in the early 1900s, in part as a moral issue, but also due to changes in the nation's economy: parents made more income, thus reducing the need for their children to work, and new immigrants drove children out of the market of unskilled workers.
		Today, child labor in the United States largely means teenagers who are generally full-time students and part-time employees, a very different scenario from that existing in developing countries.
	www.newsaic.com /mwlabor.html (2460 words)

	Labor Unions
		Early legislation enacting Labor Day came from the states, led by New York and Oregon (which was the first to make the holiday official in 1887).
		Guilds were the seed of modern labor unions in the U.S. Groups of highly-trained printers, carpenters, tailors, and weavers in the colonial age banded together to maintain quality standards and to ensure employers hired skilled laborers from home.
		One year later, the important Clayton Act was enacted, which emphasized that "the labor of a human being is not a commodity or article of commerce" and legalized peaceful strikes, picketing, and boycotts.
	www.infoplease.com /spot/labor1.html (814 words)

	Open Collections Program: Women Working: United States Department of Labor
		Frank Morrison, Secretary of the Federation, explained to a Congressional committee that the purposes of a Secretary of Commerce and a Secretary of Labor were contradictory.
		In 1903, the American Federation of Labor persuaded the Democratic Party to adopt a plank in its platform that pledged "the enactment of a law creating a Department of Labor, represented separately in the President's Cabinet." However, since Democrats controlled neither the White House nor Congress, their powers were limited.
		Jonathan Grossman was the Historian for the U.S. Department of Labor.
	ocp.hul.harvard.edu /ww/organizations-dep-labor.html (3136 words)

	Regional Review: Eliminating Child Labor
		But even though child labor might have increased in the cotton mills of the South and in industries that employed the growing flow of impoverished European immigrants, economists today believe that the fraction of the industrial labor force composed of youth had actually been declining throughout the latter part of the nineteenth century.
		Better educated workers in the United States were more productive and thus were better able to provide for their own children, reducing the need for child labor.
		Southern states had a larger agricultural base and, particularly after the Civil War, were afflicted with widespread poverty — both factors associated with a greater incidence of child labor.
	www.bos.frb.org /economic/nerr/rr2000/q2/kidlabor.htm (4819 words)

	Labor Market Laws for Mexico
		Mexico’s labor force is growing at an annual rate of 2.4 percent, but the agricultural sector has been shrinking as the urbanization process continues and people move to the major cities in search of manufacturing employment.
		Labor regulations in Mexico are based on the Mexican Constitution of 1917, and the Mexican Federal Labor Law (MFLL).
		Labor contracts are difficult or even impossible to change once established, so you should discuss in detail the plans and goals of the firm with the union representatives during the bargaining stages.
	www.mexconnect.com /mex_/laborlaw.html (1647 words)

	Century of Lawmaking: The Making of the US Constitution
		The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them.
		A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime.
		No person held to service or labor in one State under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor; but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/amlaw/ac001/lawpres.html (3520 words)

	United States v. Zenith Radio Corporation (District Court N. D. Illinois, April 16, 1926)
		The Secretary of Commerce (and Labor) may, on the recommendation of the department concerned, designate the station or stations which may be required to observe this division of time.
		The President of the United States in time of war or public peril or disaster is authorized by law to close the station and cause the removal therefrom of all radio apparatus or may authorize the use or control of the station by any department of the government upon just compensation to the owners.
		The Secretary of Commerce and the collectors of customs or other officers of the government authorized by him may at all reasonable times enter upon the station for the purpose of inspecting and may inspect any apparatus for radio communication of such station and the operation and operators of such apparatus.
	www.fcc.gov /mb/audio/decdoc/misc/US_v_Zenith_Radio_Corporation.html (2606 words)

	Ida Clyde Clarke. American Women and the World War. Chapter VI.
		Shaw stated that she considered it a great opportunity for women to urge the maintenance of the families of the soldiers, to prevent untold sufferings and to bring us through this war with families stronger than they otherwise could be.
		After the Child Labor Law went into effect September 1, 1917, the Secretary of the Department of Labor caused to be created a new division of the Children's Bureau, in order that the country may reap the full benefit of the law.
		In six states child labor laws have been passed which do not call for the appointment of an enforcing official, and the result is wholesale violation of the law.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/comment/Clarke/Clarke06.htm (1787 words)

	America's National Park System: The Critical Documents - Edited by Lary M. Dilsaver (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary may expend appropriated funds for the management of and for the construction, design, and maintenance of permanent improvements on such lands and interests in land as are donated by the State of California in a manner not inconsistent with such reverters and other conditions,".
		Such acreage as may be necessary in the judgment of the Secretary for this conveyance, and for a buffer thereof, shall be deemed to be a publicly owned highway for purposes of section 101(a)(2) of this amendment effective on the date of enactment of this section,".
		The Secretary, or the Secretary of Agriculture, where appropriate, shall also manage any additional Federal lands under his jurisdiction that are within the hydrographic basin of Redwood Creek in a manner which will minimize sedimentation which could affect the park, and in coordination with plans for sediment management within the basin.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/anps/anps_7e.htm (750 words)

	Labor History Sources (Manuscript Reading Room, Library of Congress)
		Goodman pioneered the labor movement's concern with radiation safety and was secretary of the AFL-CIO's Atomic Energy Technical Committee from its establishment until 1967.
		Harriman's papers include material on labor relations at his Merchant Shipbuilding Corporation and Union Pacific Railroad and his perspective on relations between the Roosevelt administration and business during his chairmanship of the Business Advisory Council of the U.S. Department of Commerce in the late 1930s.
		Straus, Oscar S. Straus was secretary of commerce and labor, 1906-09, and chaired the arbitration commission to settle the dispute between eastern railroads and their engineers in 1912.
	www.loc.gov /rr/mss/laborlc.html (3105 words)

	Hoover, Secretary of Commerce, v. Intercity Radio Co., Inc. (Decided February 5, 1923, 52 App. D.C. 339)
		This appeal is from an order of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia disrecting the issuance of a writ of mandamus requiring appellant, Secretary of Commerce, to issue to plaintiff company, a license to operate a radio station in the city of New York.
		The Secretary of Commerce is given authority, for the purpose of preventing or minimizing interference with communication between stations, to enforce the regulations established by the act through the collectors of customs and other officers of the government, with power, however, in his discretion, to waive the provisions of the regulations when no interference obtains.
		It was further stated by the chairman of the committee on commerce in the Senate, when the bill was under consideration, that "it is compulsory with the Secretary of Commerce and Labor that upon application these licenses shall be issued."
	www.fcc.gov /mb/audio/decdoc/misc/Hoover_v_Intercity_Radio_Co.html (998 words)

	Congress Adopts State Authorization Conference Report; Provides Final Arrears Payment under Helms-Biden - Global Policy ...
		Under this scenario, the United Nations will receive its share of $30 million of the total $244 million before the end of the calendar year; arrears to other organizations will be released as the State Department certifies to Congress that the reforms have been adopted.
		The United States was unable, as a result, to meet the requirements of the revised scale of assessment.
		For the first time since the United States began paying in 1982 its annual U.N. regular budget assessment late in the year in which it is due, conferees called on the State Department to reverse the practice.
	www.globalpolicy.org /finance/unitedstates/2002/0930arrears.htm (761 words)

	A Curriculum of United States Labor History for Teachers. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Illinois Labor History Society is a non-profit organization with a mission to preserve and promote awareness of labor history in Illinois.
		Immigration of laborers on contract is outlawed by the Foran Act.
		The United Mine Workers was held not reponsible for local str ike action, and strike action was held not a conspiracy to restrain trade within the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
	www.kentlaw.edu /ilhs/curricul.htm (7899 words)

	Memorandum for the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Labor, and the United States Trade Representative
		After considering all relevant aspects of the investigation, I have determined that providing import relief for the U.S. wire hanger industry is not in the national economic interest of the United States.
		I hereby direct the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Labor to expedite consideration of any Trade Adjustment Assistance applications received from domestic hanger producers or their workers and to provide such other requested assistance or relief as they deem appropriate, consistent with their statutory mandates.
		The United States Trade Representative is authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.
	www.whitehouse.gov /news/releases/2003/04/20030425-8.html (595 words)

	Labor
		The International Labor Affairs Office is administering a $4 million "anti-sweatshop initiative," to fund the development of and research into approaches and mechanisms to combat sweatshop labor in overseas factories that produce for the U.S. market.
		The Office also provides support to the "Advisory Committee on Labor Diplomacy," which advises the President and the Secretary of State on how to strengthen the labor function at the State Department.
		The Office is a principal channel of communication between organized labor in the United States and the Department of State.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/lbr (490 words)

	Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
		That the term "drug," as used in this Act, shall include all medicines and preparations recognized in the United States Pharmacopoeia or National Formulary for internal or external use, and any substance or mixture of substances intended to be used for the cure, mitigation, or prevention of disease of either man or other animals.
		If in package form, and the contents are stated in terms of weight or measure, they are not plainly and correctly stated on the outside of the package.
		The proceedings of such libel cases shall conform, as near as may be, to the proceedings in admiralty, except that either party may demand trial by jury of any issue of fact joined in any such case, and all such proceedings shall be at the suit of and in the name of the United States.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~hst203/documents/pure.html (532 words)

	United States Department of Labor: Speeches and Remarks by Secretary of Labor Elaine L. Chao
		United States Department of Labor: Speeches and Remarks by Secretary of Labor Elaine L. Chao
		U.S. Secretary of Labor Elaine L. Chao Unveiling of September 11, 2001 Commemorative Bronze Plaques
		Department of Labor Salute to Veterans, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, D.C., November 13, 2002
	www.dol.gov /_sec/media/speeches/main.htm (714 words)

	United States Department of Commerce - dKosopedia
		The United States Department of Commerce is a Cabinet department of the United States Government concerned with promoting economic growth and is It is administered by the United States Secretary of Commerce.
		It was subsequently renamed to the Department of Commerce by President Taft on March 4, 1913, and its bureaus and agencies specializing in labor were transferred to the new Department of Labor.
		United States Department of Commerce - Official website
	www.dkosopedia.com /wiki/Department_of_Commerce (164 words)

	Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916
		That the Attorney General, the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Labor shall constitute a board to make and publish from time to time uniform rules and regulations for carrying out the provisions of this Act.
		Any person who knowingly makes a false statement or presents false evidence in or in relation to any such certificate or application therefor shall be amenable to prosecution and to the fine or imprisonment provided by this section for violations of this Act.
		In any State designated by the board, an employment certificate or other similar paper as to the age of the child, issued under the laws of that State and not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, shall have the same force and effect as a certificate herein provided for.
	www.sojust.net /acts/child_labor.html (312 words)

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