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Topic: United States Congressional apportionment

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	United States Congressional apportionment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Each state is apportioned a number of members of Congress based upon its population.
		Apart from the fact that the number of delegates is at least one for each state, as required by the Constitution, this number is in principle proportional to population (equalizing the size of congressional districts nationwide).
		Reapportionment of the United States House of Representatives (the lower house of the U.S. Congress) occurs every year ending in "1", the year after the U.S. Census Bureau performs the decennial census mandated by the U.S. Constitution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_States_Congressional_Apportionment (1030 words)

	Apportionment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The lessee is not bound, however, by an apportionment of rent made upon the grant of part of the reversion unless it is made either with his consent or by the verdict of a jury.
		Apportionment by operation of law may be brought about where by act of law a lease becomes inoperative as regards its subject-matter, or by the "act of God" (as, for instance, where part of an estate is submerged by the encroachments of the sea).
		An equitable apportionment, apart from statute law, arises where property is bequeathed on trust to pay the income to a tenant for life and the reversion to others, and the realization of the property in the form of a fund capable of producing income is postponed for the benefit of the estate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Apportionment (1255 words)

	Congressional Apportionment
		The fundamental reason for conducting the decennial census of the United States is to apportion the members of the House of Representatives among the 50 states.
		A state's apportionment population is the sum of its resident population and a count of overseas U.S. military and federal civilian employees (and their dependents living with them) allocated to the state, as reported by the employing federal agencies.
		Overseas Population of the 50 States and the District of Columbia: Census 2000
	www.census.gov /population/www/censusdata/apportionment.html (211 words)

	Congressional Districts of the United States
		According to the Constitution of the United States, this decennial census has one fundamental purpose: to ensure that number of seats each State has in the U.S. House of Representatives reflects the relative size of the State's population as compared with other States.
		Each congressional district is to be as equal in population to all other congressional districts in the State as practicable, based on the decennial census counts.
		The Congressional Districts of the United States - 109th Congress map layer portrays the congressional district boundaries for the 109th Congress (2005-2006).
	www.nationalatlas.gov /mld/cgd109p.html (370 words)

	Reapportionment and Redistricting in the United States of America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Congress of the United States consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
		Each State is entitled to at least one representative, and the remaining members are apportioned among the States in accordance with their respective populations, which are determined by a census that the Constitution requires be taken every ten years.
		Except in the six States that use redistricting commissions, the new districts are drawn by the state legislature and enacted in the form of a bill.
	www.aceproject.org /main/english/bd/bdy_us.htm (1776 words)

	United States Constitution - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It also provides for the office of Vice President of the United States, and specifies that the Vice President succeeds to the presidency if the President is incapacitated, dies, or resigns, although whether this succession was on an acting or permanent basis was unclear until the passage of the 25th Amendment.
		Of the 35 states ratifying it, four later rescinded their ratifications prior to the extended ratification period which commenced March 23, 1979 and a fifth—while not going so far as to actually rescind its earlier ratification—adopted a resolution stipulating that its approval would not extend beyond March 22, 1979.
		The Constitution of the United States has also served as a model for the constitutions of numerous other nations, including the second oldest codified constitution, the May Constitution of Poland, which was written in 1791.
	www.psychcentral.com /psypsych/United_States_Constitution (5504 words)

	GuruNet — Content Map
		United States Congressional investigation of the Unification Church
		United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
		United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
	www.gurunet.com /cm-dsname-Wikipedia-dsid-2222-letter-1U-first-4351 (175 words)

	The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net
		Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.
		Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress.
		All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.
	www.usconstitution.net /const.html#Am15 (5191 words)

	PREAMBLE
		But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice.
		But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.
		The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.
	www.leg.state.or.us /orcons/usconst.html (5003 words)

	US Government and Politics - Political Representation - Hear The Issues - Political Articles and Commentary
		Apportionment is the process of distributing seats for a legislative body among different sectors of the country by creating constituencies.
		Apportionment is also applied in party list proportional representation elections to distribute seats between different parties.
		In contrast to the United States House of Representatives, which is only malapportioned slightly due to rounding error, the United States Senate is deliberately malapportioned, granting two senators to every state regardless of population size.
	www.heartheissues.com /usgovt-politicalrepresentation.html (537 words)

	Congressional Apportionment, 2000
		Apportionment is the process of dividing the 435 seats in the House of Representatives among the 50 states.
		The population figure used to calculate the apportionment of House seats is based on the total resident population of the United States, including citizens and noncitizens, plus U.S. military personnel and federal civilian employees and their dependents living overseas.
		The average size of a congressional district based on the Census 2000 apportionment population will be 646,952, more than triple the average district size of 193,167 based on the 1900 census apportionment, and about 74,486 more than the average size of 572,466 based on the 1990 census.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0884841.html (421 words)

	Constitution Of The United States
		A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.
		ARTICLES in addition to, and Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the fifth Article of the original Constitution.
		States, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment.
	ron.dotson.net /gov/constitution.htm (5044 words)

	Redistricting - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The process known as redistricting in the United States and redistribution in many Commonwealth countries is the changing of political borders (in many countries, specifically the electoral district/constituency boundaries) usually in response to periodic census results.
		In the United Kingdom, four Boundary Commissions (one each for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) are responsible for reviewing the boundaries of Parliamentary constituencies, within guidelines set by Parliament.
		In the remaining states, the state legislature has primary responsibility for creating a redistricting plan, subject to approval by the state governor.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Redistricting (279 words)

	Constitution for the United States of America
		The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves.
		The conventions of a number of the States having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added.
		Article the twelfth [Amendment X] The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
	www.constitution.org /cons/constitu.htm (4802 words)

	Power Balance and Apportionment Algorithms for the United States Congress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		We measure the performance, in the task of apportioning the Congress of the United States, of an algorithm combining a heuristic-driven (simulated annealing) search with an exact-computation dynamic programming evaluation of the apportionments visited in the search.
		We compare this with the actual algorithm currently used in the United States to apportion Congress, and with a number of other algorithms that have been proposed.
		We conclude that on every set of census data in this country's history, the heuristic-driven apportionment provably yields far fairer apportionments than those of any of the other algorithm considered, including the algorithm currently used by the United States for Congressional apportionment.
	www.jea.acm.org /ARTICLES/Vol3Nbr1 (134 words)

	United States Congressional Districts
		Legislatively defined subdivisions of a State for the purpose of electing representatives or delegates to the House of Representatives of the United States Congress.
		Codeset_Name: Congressional Districts of the United States, FIPS 9-1
		Codes for the Identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the Outlying Areas of the United States, and Associated Areas, FIPS 5-2.
	nhdgeo.usgs.gov /metadata/us_congdist_dd83.htm (1206 words)

	THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION - We the People
		This is the enabling document for the United States government and its form of democracy.
		1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.
		1: The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of age.
	www.stlplaces.com /constitution (7712 words)

	The Green Papers: United States Midterm Election 2006
		An historical analysis of the apportionment of delegate votes at the National Conventions of the two major parties.
		State by state coverage of elections for President, Governor's chairs, U.S. Senate seats, U.S. House seats, primaries, regional politics, party strength, and debates.
		State by state coverage of Presidential Primaries, Caucuses, and Conventions, the delegate selection process, delegate allocation, primary types, voter eligibility, and poll closing times.
	www.thegreenpapers.com (872 words)

	Map
		In other words, these are the four possible variables one needs to consider to undertake the apportionment of the House of Representatives.
		The reader may wish to browse the historical tables and explanation of apportionment methods, and then try to calculate alternate scenarios for apportioning Congress.
		And we hope therefore, as the 2000 Census results appear, our viewers will take up the task of calculating House apportionments and inspecting the implications of the methods currently in use, and even considering how they might change if Congress so chose.
	www.uwm.edu /~margo/apport/objective.htm (100 words)

	Preamble
		Section 2 House of Representatives 1) The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.
		Section 3 Senate 1) The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.
		7) The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them.
	www.cmseducation.org /wconsts/us.html (4033 words)

	SOS, Missouri - Elections: Missouri's 108th Congressional Districts
		The Missouri Secretary of State is pleased to be able to provide redistricting boundary information to Missouri's Citizens on our website.
		Redistricting maps have been provided by the Missouri Appellate Apportionment Commission.
		The Secretary of State's Office is not responsible for the content of the redistricting maps.
	www.sos.mo.gov /elections/maps/uscongress (96 words)

	Census 2000 Gateway
		Tables and maps of Census 2000 data for all geographies to the block level
		Summaries of the most requested data for states and counties
		Data highlights, documentation, and FTP access for the U.S., states, counties, places (cities and towns) and more.
	www.census.gov /main/www/cen2000.html (379 words)

	Course Listing For MATH
		Applications include planning of postal delivery routes, placement of cable television lines, United States Congressional apportionment, and dispute resolution.
		The core material of algebraic number theory: number fields, rings of integers, discriminants, ideal class groups, Dirichlet's unit theorem, splitting of primes; p-adic fields, Hensel's lemma, adeles and ideles, the strong approximation theorem.
		A continuation of Algebraic and Analytic Number Theory I, introducing analytic methods: the Riemann Zeta function, its analytic continuation and functional equation, the Prime number theorem; sieves, the Bombieri-Vinogradov theorem, the Chebotarev density theorem.
	bulletin.uga.edu /bulletin/courses/descript/MATH.html (4517 words)

	[No title]
		The following is the complete text of the United States Constitution.
		The Congress shall have power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.
		n Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
	www.pushhamburger.com /u_s_a.htm (4460 words)

	Migration and Political Power (MigPol). (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		MigPol lets a student study the effects of population growth an migration it affects congressional apportionment in the United States.
		As certain states grow in population more quickly than others, the size of their delegation in the U.S. House of Representatives also grows.
		The implementation of this demo relies heavily on the work of the Telemedia, Networks, and Systems Group at MIT.
	geosim.cs.vt.edu /migpol.html (114 words)

	FindLaw: U.S. Constitution: Article I
		The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.
		Congressional Regulation of Production and Industrial Relations: Antidepression Legislation
		The Commerce Clause as a Restraint on State Powers
	caselaw.lp.findlaw.com /data/constitution/article01 (1850 words)

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