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Topic: United States embargoes

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Embargo Act

oil embargo

Arab Oil Embargo

Embargo Act of 1807

trade embargo

1973 oil embargo

arms embargo

international oil embargo

international trade and trade embargoes

Embargo horse

weapons embargo

UN embargo

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	History of United States Business - MSN Encarta
		The separation of powers between the states and the federal government and the system of checks and balances within the federal government limited public enterprises, such as proposals for a national system of roads and canals.
		By the 1830s the United States government had retreated from plans to sponsor commerce with a national bank, to aid manufacturing with protective tariffs, and to stimulate Western settlement with government-funded canals and railroads.
		But when the United States was pulled into the European wars, beginning in the late 1790s, the boom collapsed.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_701610399_2/History_of_United_States_Business.html (1638 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Foreign relations of the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The current President of the United States is George W. Bush.
		The current Secretary of State is Condoleezza Rice; the Secretary of State is the foreign minister of the United States and is the primary conductor of state-to-state diplomacy.
		United States foreign policy is influenced by the efforts of the U.S. government to halt imports of illicit drugs, including cocaine, heroin, and marijuana.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States (1810 words)

	UNITED STATES DEBATES WAR AGAINST IRAQ
		United States Double Standards on WMDs and Terrorism: If possession of nuclear weapons or nuclear weapons potential by Islamic States and presence of Al Qaeda terrorists in a country were the criteria for military, intervention by the United States, then the US administration strategy gets flawed.
		United States officials argue that once the United States initiates military action against Iraq, even unilaterally, its reluctant European and Arab allies can be expected to come aboard, to be on the winning side and also to partake in the economic opportunities that would follow in the post Saddam phase.
		The United States decision to go to war seems to be prompted not by the fear of Iraq but by the uncertainty it poses, especially when viewed in the context of events of September 11, 2001.
	www.saag.org /papers6/paper524.html (1485 words)

	Embargo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In international commerce and politics, an embargo is the prohibition of commerce and trade with a certain country.
		The embargo is usually used as a political punishment for some previous disagreed policies or acts, but its economical nature frequently leaves enough space for doubts about the real interests that the prohibition gives advantage to.
		Although the law of the United States does not prohibit participation in an embargo, it does prohibit participation in a secondary embargo.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Embargo (300 words)

	War of 1812 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The War of 1812 (in Britain, the American War of 1812 to 1815), was fought between the United States and the British Empire from 1812 to 1815, on land in North America and at sea.
		The militia, called in to aid the regulars, objected to serving outside their home states, were not amenable to discipline and, as a rule, performed poorly in the presence of the enemy when outside of their home state.
		By contrast, the United States Navy, which was not yet twenty years old, had only twenty-two commissioned vessels, the largest of which were frigates, though a number of the American ships were 44-gun frigates and very heavily built compared to the usual British 38-gun frigates.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/War_of_1812 (7615 words)

	Encyclopedia of Business, 2nd ed. - Eco-Ent
		An embargo is a state-sponsored prohibition on the movement of goods between nations.
		Embargoes amount to economic warfare and in fact are often used during times of war and hostilities.
		From the perspective of the United States, an emerging market would be one to which a previously untapped potential for U.S. Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs)
	www.referenceforbusiness.com /encyclopedia/Eco-Ent/index.html (1210 words)

	CORPORATE CRIME '89
		In fact, it is the United States, with two of its allies in the region, Honduras and Costa Rica, that has housed, trained and funded an armed insurrection against the duly elected, legitimate and widely popular Sandinista government.
		Compare this with the United States' third largest trading partner Mexico, where 75 to 80 percent of the economy is in the hands of the state.
		It is a sad commentary that the United States embargoes a country striving for justice and a humane existence and does so under the pretext of national security.
	multinationalmonitor.org /hyper/issues/1989/12/editorial.html (865 words)

	Embargo Summary
		The Embargo failed as a coercive measure, and whatever protection American ships and seamen derived from their forced inactivity was more than offset by the adverse impact that the measure had on American trade and prosperity.
		The embargo is usually used as a political punishment for some previous disagreed policies or acts, but its economical nature frequently leaves enough space for doubts about the real interests that the prohibition gives advantage to.
		Although the law of the United States does not prohibit participation in an embargo, it does prohibit participation in a secondary embargo.
	www.bookrags.com /Embargo (1455 words)

	Brazil - United States
		The United States was the first nation to establish a consulate in Brazil in 1808, following the transfer of the Portuguese royal court to Rio de Janeiro and the subsequent opening of the ports to foreign ships.
		Vargas blamed the United States for his ouster in 1945 and appealed to Brazilian nationalism, which was growing in many sectors, including the armed forces.
		The United States was especially pleased with the break-up of state monopolies in the petroleum and telecommunications sectors.
	countrystudies.us /brazil/113.htm (2287 words)

	Encyclopedia: Index
		United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio
		United States House of Representatives, Hawaii District 2
		United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
	encyclopedie-en.snyke.com /ndx/page_1150.html (176 words)

	Russia - The United States
		The United States gained unique stature in the Soviet Union when it emerged from World War II as the ultimate guarantor of European security against attack from the east and the top military power in the NATO alliance.
		In its cooperation with the United States on strategic arms control, Russia declared that it was the successor to the Soviet Union in assuming the obligations of START, which had been signed in July 1991.
		The United States ratified that treaty in January 1996, but the much more problematic ratification by the new, nationalist-dominated State Duma was left until after the midyear presidential election.
	countrystudies.us /russia/80.htm (2384 words)

	United States History
		Naturally, the first objective of the framers of the state constitutions was to secure those "unalienable rights" whose violation had caused the former colonies to repudiate their connection with Britain.
		Other states enlarged the list of liberties to guarantee freedom of speech, of assembly and of petition, and frequently included such provisions as the right to bear arms, to a writ of habeas corpus, to inviolability of domicile and to equal protection under the law.
		No state went so far as to permit universal male suffrage, and even in those states that permitted all taxpayers to vote (Delaware, North Carolina and Georgia, in addition to Pennsylvania), office-holders were required to own a certain amount of property.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/united-states/all.html (16440 words)

	Protecting international marine living resources with trade embargoes: GATT and international reaction to U.S. practices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The United States attempted to overcome the decision of the GATT Panel through revisions to regulations of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) to reduce or eliminate dolphin mortality and revisions to the MMPA effectuated by the International Dolphin Conservation Act of 1992.
		The 1994 GATT Panel concluded that the tuna embargo "could not, by itself, further the United States conservation objectives", rather the only way the tuna embargo would be effective in protecting dolphin was if affected foreign states altered their laws and practices.
		The concern is with the employment of trade embargoes to protect non-American ocean living resources where the United States unilaterally determines the standards that have to be met and the alleged-offending country has not breached any international agreement or standards.
	www.highnorth.no /Library/Trade/GATT_WTO/pr-in-ma.htm (4929 words)

	The Two Beasts (The United States and Catholicism)
		On June 5, 2006, the news reports stated that the military is updating their manuals to remove all prohibitions against torture and against any agreements to the Geneva convention on torture.
		The United States has now made several laws that allow the church to be funded by the government.
		Member States shall take the measures necessary to ensure that, per each seven-day period, every worker is entitled to a minimum uninterrupted rest period of 24 hours plus the 11 hours daily rest referred to in Article 3.
	www.teachinghearts.org /dre17hrev13a.html (9852 words)

	Oxfam International - UN arms embargoes: an overview of the last ten years (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Such embargoes are usually late and blunt instruments, and the UN Sanctions Committees, which oversee the embargoes, have to rely largely on Member States to monitor and implement them.
		Therefore, arms embargoes cannot be deployed effectively as an instrument by the UN to prevent illicit arms trafficking, without better national controls on international arms transfers.
		None of these mandatory UN arms embargoes has stopped the supply of arms; sometimes the embargoes have made it logistically more difficult and expensive to acquire the desired arms, but available evidence suggests that on the whole violations of UN arms embargoes appear persistent, widespread and systematic.
	www.oxfam.org /en/policy/briefingnotes/report_UN_arms_embargoes_060316 (424 words)

	Vietnam War - MSN Encarta
		Introduction; Background; The Beginning of the War: 1959-1965; Escalated United States Involvement: 1965-1969; Ending the War: 1969-1975; The Troops; Response to the War in the United States; Effects and Recovery in Vietnam
		Vietnam’s government punished those Vietnamese who had been allied with the United States by sending thousands to “reeducation camps” and depriving their families of employment.
		Instead, in 1975 Ford extended the embargo already in effect against North Vietnam to all of newly unified Vietnam.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761552642_5/Vietnam_War.html (679 words)

	FRUS 1961-63, Vol. XI Cuba: 286-300 documents and memos
		The Department of State is engaging in continuous discussions and negotiations with the other OAS member nations with a view toward reaching wide agreement at the forthcoming MFM on resolutions which would condemn Cuba and in effect isolate it from the rest of the Hemisphere.
		State is basing future economic actions, including plans for an embargo on Cuban trade, on the outcome of the forthcoming OAS meeting.
		Detail: United States Government was precluded from destroying the current sugar crop (1) we were late and overly optimistic and (b) "the assets of the United States Government were not as great as we were led to believe".
	www.fas.org /irp/ops/policy/docs/frusX/286_300.html (11337 words)

	Amgen - About Amgen - Corporate Compliance
		Various governments have programs of economic sanctions and embargoes against certain countries and other designated persons, including but not limited to terrorists, terrorism-sponsoring organizations, entities involved in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and international narcotics traffickers.
		While it is Amgen’s policy to comply with applicable sanctions and embargoes imposed by countries in which Amgen operates, in certain cases, U.S. law may prohibit Amgen from complying with or supporting a foreign country’s boycott of another country that is “friendly” to the United States.
		Similar laws apply in countries other than the U.S. Individuals are instructed to the policies in effect at their location to request guidance from their supervisor, the compliance representative with responsibility for their geographic area, the EU Director of Compliance, or the Chief Compliance Officer as appropriate.
	www.amgen.com /about/corporate_compliance_sanctions_embargoes_boycotts.html (208 words)

	United States Announces Actions on Cuba, Haiti Embargoes
		The United States, said the official, supports efforts of the government of Haiti and MINUSTAH "to address rampant criminality and gang activity that preys upon the residents of Haiti's poorest slums."
		In that notice, the United States said the change in U.S. policy toward Haiti will allow exports of personal protective gear, including flak jackets and helmets, for use by personnel from MINUSTAH and other international organizations, representatives of the media, and development workers and associated personnel.
		The United States had issued its arms embargo on Haiti in October 1991 following the overthrow by the Haitian military of the democratically elected government of Haiti.
	usinfo.state.gov /xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2006&m=October&x=200610111704391xeneerg0.2698328 (644 words)

	Inventing America : Chapter 25 : Overview
		United States embargoes aviation-grade gasoline and metal scrap to Japan.
		Hitler invades the Soviet Union; United States makes USSR eligible for lend-lease.
		United States freezes Japanese assets in the United States.
	www.wwnorton.com /inventing/interface/ch25/ch25_overview.htm (229 words)

	GILC - 1997 Crypto Survey Results
		Since United Kingdom laws do not automatically apply to the territories, the response of the Falkland Islands Attorney General is important in that it may mirror the policies of several of the United Kingdom's remaining territories, including Gibraltar, Bermuda, and the Cayman Islands.
		According to State Department Tel Aviv Cable 11049-93, the "regulation of import and export of encryption devices and development of encryption technologies is handledby the Ministry of Defense, the same as the export of arms.
		The Holy Mount is a self-governed part of the Greek state subject to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in its political aspect and to the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinopole(Istanbul) as regards its religious aspect.
	www.gilc.org /crypto/crypto-results.html (13782 words)

	Concur Technologies Corporate Governance: Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		United States export controls, which restrict travel to designated countries and prohibit or restrict the export of goods, services, or technology to designated countries, companies, or individuals from the United States, or the re-export of U.S.-origin goods from country of original destination to such designated countries, companies, or individuals;
		United States embargoes, which restrict or, in some cases, prohibit companies and their subsidiaries and employees from doing business with certain other countries, companies, and individuals identified on a list that changes periodically; and
		Under the United States securities laws, each of us is required at all times to refrain from purchasing or selling securities (for example, stocks or bonds) of a publicly-traded company, including Concur, at any time that we are in possession of "material non-public information” about that company.
	www.concur.com /corporate/governance/conduct.asp (3607 words)

	SAWG: Support and Provide Funding and Resources for the Enforcement of Arms Embargoes
		In addition, the unit should be tasked with making recommendations to the Secretary-General relating both to arms embargo regimes generally and to the full implementation of individual embargo regimes.
		In order to avoid the scattering of institutional experience and to enhance the processing of information, the unit should also be the repository of a permanent database on reported sanctions violations, the movement of military equipment and personnel to sanctioned entities, and individuals and companies-including brokers, shippers, bankers, and officials-involved in the violation of embargoes.
		The unit should be staffed with experts on the weapons trade, financial flows, customs controls, and dual-use technologies, as well as with a legal advisor.
	www.fas.org /asmp/campaigns/smallarms/sawg/1pagers/embargoes2002.html (501 words)

	Editorial: Let's Lift the Cuban Trade Embargo - January 1998 Issue of St. Anthony Messenger Magazine Online
		Meanwhile, by continuing the embargo, the United States keeps delivering to Castro the best propaganda device he could ever wish—a convenient tool to blame any failure of the Cuban Communist experiment on the United States and its trade embargo.
		Meanwhile, Cuba's much closer neighbors in the United States are forbidden to do this, despite the great hospitality toward Americans still shown by the Cuban people.
		It's time for both sides to let go of their stubbornness and shortsightedness and begin discussing what accommodations can be made for the good of the poor and of real people on both sides.
	www.americancatholic.org /Messenger/Jan1998/editorial.asp (867 words)

	Trade Embargoes
		The WTO and GATT both ruled that the United States' trade embargo on harp-seal furs violates terms agreed to by nations belonging to WTO and GATT and called for the lifting of the embargo.
		They argue further that if the United States is prohibiting the importation of seal products because of their moral preference, then they are effectively forcing their moral priorities upon Norway and this is unacceptable.
		In light of this reasoning the WTO and GATT ruled that the United States was in violation of the rules and guidelines governing these two respective organizations to which the United States is a party.
	darwin.bio.uci.edu /~sustain/issueguides/Embargoes/index.html (896 words)

	Adobe - InDesign : For Windows : Adobe InDesign 2.0.2 Text update - multiple languages
		The export and re-export of Adobe software products are controlled by the United States Export Administration Regulations and such software may not be exported or re-exported to Cuba; Iran; Iraq; Libya; North Korea; Sudan; or Syria or any country to which the United States embargoes goods.
		Some states or jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion of implied warranties; so the above limitations may not apply to you.
		Some states or jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages; so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you.
	www.adobe.com /support/downloads/detail.jsp?ftpID=2107 (772 words)

	The 1970s (1970-1979)
		However, load ratings on existing units may be reduced about 10% because of the difference in fluid viscosity and heat conductivity compared with askarel.
		The Code now states that liquidtight flexible metal conduit may be used in exposed or concealed locations where conditions of installation, operation, or maintenance require flexibility or protection from liquids, vapors, or solids.
		The law states in paragraph 1910.309 that “all electrical installations and utilization of equipment shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the provisions of the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70-1968.” This means the Code will serve as a reference standard for maintenance as well as installation.
	www.ecmweb.com /mag/electric_14 (2254 words)

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