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Topic: United States invasion of Afghanistan

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	United States invasion of Afghanistan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The United States invasion of Afghanistan occurred in October 2001, in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States, marking the beginning of its "War on Terrorism" campaign.
		Bush stated that at the same time as Taliban military and terrorists' training grounds would be targeted, food, medicine, and supplies would be dropped to "the starving and suffering men, women and children of Afghanistan." [3].
		It is estimated that in Afghanistan there are 1.5 million suffering from immediate starvation, as well as 7.5 million suffering as a result of the country's dire situation - the combination of civil war, drought-related famine, and, to a large extent, the Taliban's oppressive regime and the U.S.-led invasion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/U.S._invasion_of_Afghanistan (6698 words)

	Invasion of Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In the case of United States -v- Iran 24th May 1980 the International Court of Justice held that Iran was under an obligation to ensure the US Embassy hostages were freed and to either prosecute those responsible or to extradite the perpetrators to the United States.
		United Kingdom -v- Albania 15th December 1949 was an International Court of Justice case concerning the laying of mines in Albanian territorial waters to prevent the right of innocent passage.
		On 11 September 2001, the United States was the victim of massive and brutal attacks in the states of New York, Pennsylvania and Virginia.
	www.eurolegal.org /terrorism/terror108.htm (13070 words)

	Afghanistan
		One school of thought explains the invasion primarily (sometimes solely) in terms of a short term preoccupation with rescuing a friendly and dependent socialist regime from external attack and internal disintegration.
		United States estimates were that there were about 85,000 Soviet troops in Afghanistan by late 1980 and about 100,000 by the end of 1981.
		According to the United States Department of State, press gangs were sent into Kabul to capture youths as young as 15 years of age, although that was under the legal draft age: At the end of 1980 Afghan military strength was estimated at 20,000 to 30,000.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/afghanistan/cs-invasion.htm (7471 words)

	ISR Web Exclusive \| Afghanistan, the Taliban and the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Their wishes resulted in one of the last brutal episodes of the Cold War: the Afghanistan war that began in 1979, and that was a manifestation of the two superpowers’ attempts to gain control of a region of very high geostrategic significance.
		Today’s Afghanistan is plagued by a perpetual orgy of destruction, impoverishment and repression.
		AI reports that even though the "United States has denied any links with the Taleban", according to then US Assistant Secretary of State Robin Raphel Afghanistan was a "crucible of strategic interest" during the Cold War, though she denied any US influence or support of factions in Afghanistan today, dismissing any possible ongoing strategic interests.
	www.isreview.org /issues/20/ahmed_afghanistan.shtml (8974 words)

	The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan 1979-1989
		One long-term effect of the Soviet invasion and pull-out was the establishment of a weak state full of religious hatred and hatred of richer nations: a breeding ground for terrorism.
		In light of the US involvement today in Afghanistan after the September 11th terrorist attacks, it is especially important to understand the history of the Soviet's involvement there so we can avoid making the same mistakes.
		Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979-1982.
	nhs.needham.k12.ma.us /pages/cur/Baker_00/2002-p4/baker_p4_12-01_mj_sz (1260 words)

	Reagan's Proclamation on the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The international community, with the United States joining governments around the world, has condemned the invasion of Afghanistan as a violation of every standard of decency and international law and has called for a withdrawal of the Soviet troops from Afghanistan.
		It is therefore altogether fitting that the European Parliament, the Congress of the United States and parliaments elsewhere in the world have designated March 21, 1982, as Afghanistan Day, to commemorate the valor of the Afghan people and to condemn the continuing Soviet invasion of their country.
		Afghanistan Day will serve to recall not only these events, but also the principles involved when a people struggles for the freedom to determine its own future, the right to be free of foreign interference and the right to practice religion according to the dictates of conscience.
	www.proxsa.org /resources/9-11/Reagan820310-Proclamation.htm (366 words)

	Killtown: Question About Afghanistan Invasion
		It is my understanding that at least one of the reasons the United States invaded Afghanistan was to target Osama bin Laden and other members of Al Qaeda who the U.S. suspected were responsible for 9/11.
		The United States invaded Afghanistan on October 7, 2001.
		Actually the thing that really pissed me off about the Afghanistan invasion was that initially the US asked for Osama, and the Taliban asked for proof that Osama was behind 9/11, and the US basically said fuck you, we don't need to show you any stinking proof and they went ahead and started bombing.
	killtown.blogspot.com /2005/10/question-about-afghanistan-invasion.html (663 words)

	The Myth of Democratic Peace: Why Democracy Cannot Deliver Peace in the 21st Century by James Ostrowski
		Further, each state is in a state of anarchy with the citizens of all other states and those citizens continue to be in a state of anarchy with the citizens of other states.
		By its nature, the state is the means by which some people can impose the costs of achieving their goals onto unwilling others.
		The provocateur is often the majoritarian state, and that state’s rationalization for fighting is always the preservation of the majority principle.
	www.lewrockwell.com /ostrowski/ostrowski72.html (9092 words)

	U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The United States invasion of Afghanistan occurred in October 2001, in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks on the U.S., marking the beginning of its "War on Terrorism" campaign.
		Bush stated that at the same time as Taliban military and terrorists' training grounds would be targeted, food, medicine, and supplies would be dropped to "the starving and suffering men, women and children of Afghanistan." These drops came under criticism for having the same color as the cluster bombs that the United States was using.
		Guerrilla units, numbering between 5 and 25 men, still regularly cross the border from their sanctuaries in Pakistan to fire rockets at U.S. bases and ambush American convoys and patrols, as well as Afghan National Army troops, Afghan militia forces working with the U.S-led occupation, and non-governmental organizations.
	www.aljazeera.com /me.asp?service_ID=10297 (5911 words)

	United States' Invasion of Afghanistan
		The invasion was in response to the terrorist attacks launched against the United States on September 11, 2001.
		The rulers of Afghanistan, known as the Taliban, had provided support to the terrorist group Al-Qaeda, which had claimed responsibility for the September 11 attacks.
		American soldiers remain in Afghanistan in 2005, prompting several peaceful protests in the United States.
	www.ohiohistorycentral.org /entry.php?rec=1617 (192 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Oil war, Majid Tehranian
		When a tanker war erupted in the Persian Gulf and Iraq seemed to be on the losing end, the United States sent its Seventh Fleet to the region and bombed Iranian oil installations at Khark.
		Moreover, Afghanistan became the base for the Al Qaida, a Wahabi Islamic movement committed to terrorism against its enemies in the United States and the Saudi regime.
		The United States invasion of Afghanistan and the fall of the Taliban regime largely destroyed the terrorists' base.
	www.iranian.com /MajidTehranian/2002/September/Oil (871 words)

	Terrorism, Afghanistan, United States, Russia
		In a pattern almost the same as in other armed conflicts of the last decade, the United States and Britain attacked Afghanistan with warplanes, strategic bombers and cruise missiles.
		But the United States does not, in turn, help the Northern Alliance, and when its long-postponed strike comes, it may be fainthearted.
		The covert Russian invasion of Afghanistan would be exposed, the Russian public would be furious, the elite would blame the treacherous Americans, and the new closeness between Moscow and the West might end in acute acrimony.
	www.cdi.org /Russia/175-2.cfm (665 words)

	Afghan Afghani and Afghanistan currency information including currency exchange rates
		Prior to the United States invasion of Afghanistan, political parties, foreign powers and forgers each made their own afghanis; the key attribute of this currency, at the time, was that there was essentially no standardization as afghanis were made without honoring serial numbers.
		Afghanistan's legislative body is a parliament consisting of two houses: the Wolesi Jirga, the House of the People, and the Meshrano Jirga, House of Elders.
		In the Meshrano Jirga, one third of the members are elected by provincial councils for four years, on third are elected by district councils of each province for three years, and one third are appointed by the president for five years?of which a half of the elected positions must be women.
	www.gocurrency.com /countries/afghanistan.htm (750 words)

	People For the American Way - Who has been detained?
		Once it was revealed that Hamdi was born in the United States and therefore a United States citizen, he was moved to a U.S. military base in Virginia, where he was held incommunicado.
		Based on information allegedly obtained from al Qaeda detainees in custody, al-Marri was determined to represent a “continuing, present and grave danger to the national security of the United States,” according to the president’s proclamation requiring his removal to a Navy brig in South Carolina.
		Benatta, an Algerian national who was in the United States on expired immigration documents, was held incommunicado in federal facilities — sometimes in solitary confinement — until April 2002, when he finally met with a federal public defender.
	www.pfaw.org /pfaw/general/default.aspx?oid=15120 (839 words)

	Eavesdropping Effort Began Soon After Sept. 11 Attacks
		The security agency surveillance of telecommunications between the United States and Afghanistan began in the immediate aftermath of the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks on New York and Washington, the officials said.
		The disclosure of the security agency's warrantless eavesdropping on calls between the United States and Afghanistan sheds light on the origins of the agency's larger surveillance activities, which officials say have included monitoring the communications of as many as 500 Americans and other people inside the United States without search warrants at any one time.
		But after the United States-led invasion of Afghanistan succeeded in overthrowing the Taliban government in late 2001, Al Qaeda lost its sanctuary, and Osama bin Laden and other Qaeda leaders scattered to Pakistan, Iran and other countries.
	www.infowars.com /articles/ps/eavesdropping_began_soon_after_911.htm (949 words)

	New York Times
		The United States, Britain and Spain, with the backing of Bulgaria, have jointly submitted their draft resolution to the 15-member Security Council.
		Pakistan supported the United States-led invasion of Afghanistan after the 9/11 terror attacks, and obtaining Islamabad's support against Iraq may gain credibility among Islamic nations for the American effort on Iraq.
		Nonetheless, there is some talk at the United Nations that Pakistan, rather than vote for the draft resolution, may simply choose to abstain in a vote, which is expected within a few weeks.
	www.un.int /chile/Prensa/recortes20030228nytimes2 (604 words)

	Afghan plea (Metro Times Detroit) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A big-screen television behind them flickered with news of a possible United States invasion of Afghanistan to kill or arrest Osama bin Laden, wanted in the Sept. 11 attacks that left more than 6,000 people dead, and to punish the Afghan government for harboring him.
		“As long as the United States, Pakistan and other assistance-providing nations formulate policy in a self-interested and unsynchronized fashion, all efforts towards reconstruction, redevelopment, self-determination and freedom for the Afghan people will be restricted,” he testified.
		His claim, then and now, is that the United States and other nations shirked involvement and allowed bin Laden to gain influence in Afghanistan.
	www.metrotimes.com /editorial/story.asp?id=2504 (1320 words)

	Simons on Islam
		Simons believes that those positive "winds" are pushing many Islamic countries into the 21st century's globalized world, with the United States serving as both "a partner and a target" to many Arab nations as they forge states that co-join the sacred with the secular.
		But the Arab states, home to less than one-fifth of all Muslims worldwide, are the Islamic heartland and source of the main political tensions and trends in modern Islam, Simons said.
		The United States had inherited "the imperial mantle" from the European powers and it played Cold War games with religious and secular, oil rich and oil poor Arab states alike.
	www.news.cornell.edu /chronicle/04/3.4.04/Islam.html (931 words)

	Afghanistan War
		Afghanistan War, 1978–92, conflict between anti-Communist Muslim Afghan guerrillas (mujahidin) and Afghan government and Soviet forces.
		The Soviet invasion, which sparked Afghan resistance, intially involved an estimated 30,000 troops, a force that ultimately grew to 100,000.
		The mujahidin were supported by aid from the United States, China, and Saudi Arabia, channeled through Pakistan, and from Iran.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0802662.html (557 words)

	West's Response Condemned as Slow and Inadequate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The United States, which was under pressure to increase a pledge of $500,000 (£280,000) considered almost derisory by many Pakistanis when it was made over the weekend, announced it intended to give $50m in emergency aid.
		It was a rare opportunity for the United States to show that it's a true friend of Pakistan," said Mr Rais.
		It is not likely to have escaped Washington's notice that its response to this latest disaster could be key in improving perceptions of the United States in Pakistan, an Islamic nation where many harbour deep resentment over the United States' invasion of Afghanistan and the Iraq war.
	www.commondreams.org /cgi-bin/print.cgi?file=/headlines05/1011-02.htm (696 words)

	That Queer Expatriate: Domestic Propaganda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The United States’ invasion of Afghanistan and the subsequent removal of the Taliban might be George W. Bush’s only genuine positive achievement, either domestic or foreign.
		One cannot help but think that had W focused solely on removing the Taliban and capturing Usama Bin Laden (which, by the way, appears to have been forgotten in the persecution of the war against Saddam Hussein), the United States might still retain the global moral high ground.
		Instead the United States has lost the respect of its global neighbors as we have “convincingly” asserted that we do not use chemical weapons, torture prisoners, and only spy on bad-people domestically.
	www.elmada.com /000690.html (431 words)

	Investigation Forum - War is Peace
		Afghanistan gave Al-Qaeda a home after it was expelled from the Sudan and allowed it to profit from the nation’s lucrative drug trade.
		The United States’ invasion of Afghanistan was a fait de complet after the attack on 9/11.
		However, the invasion of these two nations alone can, in no way, be defined as a true War on Terror.
	www.usatrace.com /Forum/printthread.php?t=3081 (619 words)

	CNN - Cold War
		In the early 1980s, as détente crumbled, the war of words between the United States and the Soviet Union moved into the athletic arena, and tit-for-tat became an Olympic event.
		The Afghanistan war not only helped bring about the collapse of the Soviet Union, it also influenced the region's perceptions of the West.
		Twenty years after the Soviet invasion and 10 years after the last Soviet soldier pulled out of Afghanistan, Afghans remain the single largest refugee group in the world.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/20 (244 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Americas \| Country profiles \| Country profile: United States of America
		The subsequent US-led invasion toppled the regime of Saddam Hussein.
		The final result hinged on the extremely close count in the state of Florida.
		Born in the New England state of Connecticut in 1946, Mr Bush is the son of former president George Bush.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1217752.stm (1375 words)

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