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	Cat Castle, Politics of Space Exploration
		During the Cold War, a period of tense relations between the United States and the USSR, both countries poured huge amounts of money into their space programs, because many of the political and public opinion battles were being fought over superiority in space.
		Space exploration became possible at the height of the Cold War, and superpower competition between the United States and the USSR gave a boost to space programs in both nations.
		An era of renewed cooperation in space between Russia and the United States followed, highlighted by flights of cosmonauts on the space shuttle and astronauts on the Mir space station.
	www.angelfire.com /ab6/catcastle/Space_Exploration4.html (1182 words)

	Space Race Encyclopedia Article @ Karr.net (Karr Network) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Space Race became an important part of the cultural, technological, and ideological rivalry between the USSR and the United States during the German.
		Some observers have argued that the high economic cost of the space race, along with the extremely expensive December 18, eventually deepened the economic crisis of the Soviet system during the late 1970s and 80's and was one of the factors that led to the space shuttle.
		The United States military is evidently keeping a close watch on China's space aspirations, with releasing a report in 2006 detailing concerns about China's growing space power.
	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Space_Race (5535 words)

	Chapter 1 - Why Study Space? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		President Kennedy was often said to be the true founder of IBM when he challenged the United States within a decade to send a man to the Moon and return him safely to Earth.
		The space program is a major part of the aerospace industry upon which is based a $32 billion trade surplus and around a million jobs.
		The space program has also become a natural way to bring the people of the world together with international cooperation, to pursue a project as a species and not as disparate groups of human beings.
	www.space.edu /projects/book/chapter1.html (1497 words)

	Space Studies Board
		The United States has held the lead in space science during most of these years, exploring new worlds, discovering new phenomena in space, and providing new ways to observe and predict changes in the global environment.
		The steering group proposes that, as the nation considers its future in space, the advance of science and its applications to human welfare be adopted and implemented as an objective no less central to the space program of the United States than any other; such as the capability of expanding man's presence in space.
		The steering group believes that such beneficial applications of space technology as these have their best—and perhaps only—chance to flourish if science is made the principal objective of the civilian space program.
	www7.nationalacademies.org /ssb/21och1.html (1059 words)

	NASA SPACE SHUTTLE DISCOVERY NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION HISTORY \| RETURN TO EARTH. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which was established in 1958, is the agency responsible for the public space program of the United States of America.
		NASA's early programs were research into human spaceflight, and were conducted under the pressure of the competition between the USA and the USSR (the Space Race) that existed during the Cold War.
		The direction of the Apollo program was radically altered following President John F. Kennedy's announcement on May 25, 1961 that the United States should commit itself to "landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth" by 1970.
	www.solarnavigator.net /n_a_s_a_space_shuttle.htm (2205 words)

	NASA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In addition to the space program, it is also responsible for long-term civilian and military aerospace research.
		NASA's earliest programs involved research into human spaceflight and were conducted under the pressure of the competition between the USA and the USSR (the Space Race) that existed during the Cold War.
		Work began on Space Station Freedom as a focus for the manned space program but within NASA there was argument that these projects came at the expense of more inspiring unmanned missions such as the Voyager probes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/NASA (3316 words)

	NSDD-42, National Space Policy, July 4, 1982
		The Space Shuttle is to be a major factor in the future evolution of United States space programs.
		The United States is committed to the exploration and use of outer space by all nations for peaceful purposes and for the benefit of all mankind.
		The United States considers the space systems of any nation to be national property with the right of passage through the operations in space without interference.
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/library/policy/national/nsdd-42.htm (1496 words)

	The Space Review: Mysterious dragon: myth and reality of the Chinese space program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		To observers of the Chinese space program and the way that the subject is reported and discussed in the West, it was a familiar story.
		Perhaps the most important conclusion reached by the speakers was that prospects for space cooperation between China and the United States are remote because the two countries have fundamentally different ideas of what is necessary for cooperation to occur.
		A different speaker suggested that the Chinese space program, particularly its manned program, was a major liability for the country because it used up scarce engineering talent that was required elsewhere.
	www.thespacereview.com /article/492/1 (2313 words)

	PD/NSC-37, National Space Policy, May 11, 1978
		It dealt primarily with the relationships among the civilian and national security portions of the national space program; its policy guidance with respect to the national security aspects of the effort were highly classified.
		The objectives of these policies are (1) to advance the interests of the United States through the exploration and use of space and (2) to cooperate with other nations in maintaining the freedom of space for all activities which enhance the security and welfare of mankind.
		The United States shall conduct civil space programs to increase the body of scientific knowledge about the earth and the universe; to develop and operate civil applications of space technology; to maintain United States leadership in space science, applications, and technology; and to further United States domestic and foreign policy objectives.
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/library/policy/national/nsc-37.htm (574 words)

	Opinion: Space program is good investment for our nation
		Huge advances in medicine are the result, directly or indirectly, of the space program of the 1960s.
		This means that after 2010, the United States will lose the ability to launch manned space missions, and this will be just when other nations will be launching their own missions in earnest.
		He was, some continue to maintain, elected to the lead the United States, but its common citizenry appear to be a low priority.
	www.sptimes.com /2004/01/20/news_pf/Opinion/Space_program_is_good.shtml (1790 words)

	National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), agency of the United States government responsible for developing space exploration and...
		Apollo Program, American manned lunar-space program designed to land an astronaut on the Moon and return him safely to Earth, as well as to overtake...
		Mars Pathfinder, United States spacecraft that landed on the planet Mars on July 4, 1997.
	encarta.msn.com /National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration.html (238 words)

	Space Environment Simulation Laboratory -- Aviation: From Sand Dunes to Sonic Booms: A National Register of Historic ...
		Located at Building 32 at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, the Space Environmental Simulation Laboratory (SESL) was part of the manned spacecraft program of the United States.
		Space Environmental Simulation Laboratory, a National Historic Landmark, at NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center is located on NASA Rd. 1, approximately 25 miles south of downtown Houston in the NASA/Clear Lake area.
		Space Center Houston, the Official Visitor center of NASA's Johnson Space Center, is open weekdays from 10:00am to 7:00pm in June, 9:00am to 7:00pm in July, 10:00am to 5:00pm in August, and on summer weekends from 10:00am to 7:00pm.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/aviation/lab.htm (636 words)

	FOR CLIENT APPROVAL
		My interest in space travel began with the launch of Sputnik when I was teenager and grew with the U.S.- Soviet space race.
		Because it is currently impossible for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to fly civilians on the Space Shuttle, I was excited to learn last year that the Russian government was receptive to citizens flying into space for a fee.
		As I stated, this is not my area of expertise and I realize there might be logistical, re-supply and psychological implications that might need to be addressed, but I do think it’s an alternative that merits NASA’s and your consideration.
	www.house.gov /science/space/jun26/tito.htm (3616 words)

	NASA Quest > Space Team Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		When the United States and other countries began to work together with the Russians on the space station, I got involved.
		I grew up at a time when the space program was getting a lot of attention, and seeing the television coverage of the Apollo missions to the moon had a big influence on me. I wanted to be a space engineer for almost as long as I can remember.
		When the space missions were being covered on TV, I would look closely at any pictures of Houston because even then I expected to live here when I grew up.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /people/bios/space/petro.html (913 words)

	The Space Library: SPACE SHUTTLE - The First 20 Years (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For all the novelty and complexity of the Space Transportation System (STS), Columbia’s 54-hour maiden voyage was straightforward and workmanlike for its crew, John Young and Bob Crippen.
		And quite a few were one-time flyers, people who dipped into the space program, then went back to academia or on to other careers.
		In truth, the United States is an extremely wealthy nation, and it generates more than enough money to do both.
	www.space.com /spacelibrary/books/library_smithsonian_020603.html (1545 words)

	United States History - The Space Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Space became another arena for competition after the Soviet Union launched Sputnik -- an artificial satellite -- in 1957.
		Kennedy responded by committing the United States to land a man on the moon and bring him back "before this decade is out."
		In the mid-1960s, U.S. scientists used the Gemini program to examine the effects of prolonged space flight on man. Gemini, Latin for "twins," carried two astronauts, one more than the earlier Mercury series and one less than subsequent Apollo spacecraft.
	countrystudies.us /united-states/history-123.htm (284 words)

	The Space Show hosted by: Dr. David Livingston
		Guenter Wendt, the guest on this Space Show program, is the author of "The Unbroken Chain" and was the pad leader during Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs.
		Wendt talked about his experiences with our space program, what he perceives to be the problems with today's space program and how best to move forward with a revised space program for the United States and the world.
		Guenter Wendt was born and educated in Germany and came to the United States in 1949, becoming an American citizen in 1955.
	www.thespaceshow.com /detail.asp?q=177 (586 words)

	United States Space Policy: Challenges and Opportunities
		Space exploration on the scale envisioned in the president’s plan is by necessity a cooperative international venture.
		Neither the president’s plan nor the prevailing thrust of existing U.S. space policies encourages the type of international partnerships that are needed.
		He directs the Space Policy Program, which facilitates discussions on the future of space policy in the United States.
	www.amacad.org /publications/spacePolicy.aspx (446 words)

	The History Channel Exhibits- Moonshots
		Beginning a global game of "keeping up with the Joneses," the United States launches its first artificial satellite, Explorer I. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) is christened as the successor to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, which, since 1915, had been responsible for researching the burgeoning aeronautical industry.
		NASA launches the Hubble Space Telescope, an initiative that has proved fruitful in determining such things as Hubble's constant, the rate at which the universe is expanding.
		The space shuttle Columbia’s 26th flight, a mission to deploy the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, is led by Air Force Colonel Eileen Collins, the first woman to command a shuttle mission.
	www.history.com /exhibits/moonshots/timeline.html (1112 words)

	National Park Service: Man in Space (Apollo Hardware Test Facilities)
		The Space Environment Simulation Laboratory (SESL) is in building 32 at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas.
		The major structural elements of the chamber are the rotatable floor, the 40 foot diameter access door, and the dual manlocks at the floor level and at the 31 foot level.
		The Space Environment Simulation Laboratory (SESL) has a significant association with the manned spacecraft program of the United States.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/butowsky4/space18.htm (871 words)

	MTSU McNair Scholars Program
		Becoming an astronaut in the United States space program is a major accomplishment for anyone, let alone an African-American from the small town of Lake City, South Carolina, but setting high standards and overcoming obstacles was part of life's journey for Ronald E. McNair.
		McNair, the second African-American in the NASA space program, was assigned as a Mission Specialist and flew on the successful 10th shuttle voyage in the space shuttle Challenger mission STS-41-B in 1984.
		The U.S. Department of Education, which administers the program, recognized the need to address the lack of sufficient numbers of doctoral students who come from low-income, first-generation backgrounds, and students from groups underrepresented in graduate education.
	www.mtsu.edu /~mcnair/mcnair.htm (980 words)

	Feature: 'Apollo' Program Lives On
		The space program got the United States' attention again less than a year later, though, with a simple phrase from Lovell: "Houston, we have a problem."
		Nearly 35 years after a near-disastrous space mission, Apollo 13 commander Jim Lovell says he has long since learned to see the mission as a success -- the way it is depicted in Ron Howard's 1995 movie "Apollo 13," now coming out in a 10th anniversary special-edition DVD.
		By 1970 space travel had become somewhat taken for granted, if not routine, by the U.S. public.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/lunar-05n.html (1078 words)

	CNN - The View from Space: Glenn's ageless appeal
		He told the hundreds of children gathered around a mockup of the space shuttle that they are the future of the space program in the United States.
		He also told the group that the future of the U.S. space program is not just in the United States; it's global.
		The Russian delays with the International Space Station are at the heart of the delay.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/space/9805/27/holliman/index.html (1063 words)

	New Mexico Museum of Space History
		Shuttle Camp® is held at the New Mexico Museum of Space History in Alamogordo, New Mexico near the birthplace of the United States space program.
		Sessions are conducted throughout the New Mexico Museum of Space History's facilities: The International Space Hall of Fame, Clyde W. Tombaugh Space Theater and Planetarium, and the John P. Stapp Air and Space Park.
		Programs are held at the Hubbard Space Science Education Building in June and July.
	www.spacehall.com /shuttle_camp.php (187 words)

	Space Coast Feline Network Apparel
		Space Coast Feline Clothing is 100% Cotton, quality materials.
		The cats are clad in the different astronaut suits from each program.
		A different design is on the front and back of the shirt (the back design is the "rear" view of the cats).
	www.spacecoastfelinenetwork.com /Merchandise/clothing.html (293 words)

	TeacherSource . Math . Math and the Space Program \| PBS
		This marked Glenn’s second voyage into space: his first was on February 20, 1962, when Glenn, one of the seven astronauts in the Mercury Program, piloted the United States’ first manned orbital mission aboard the Friendship 7.
		Manned Space Program Data Sheet for information from selected flights from Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and the Space Shuttle, answer the following questions.
		This space held the astronaut, his chair, and all of his equipment and instruments.
	www.pbs.org /teachersource/mathline/concepts/space/activity1.shtm (285 words)

	OSTP NSTC NATIONAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION POLICY
		Protection of space transportation capabilities employed for national security purposes will be pursued commensurate with their planned use in crisis and conflict and the threat.
		Civil and commercial space transportation capabilities identified as critical to national security may be modified at the expense of the requesting agency or department.
		For the foreseeable future, United States Government payloads will be launched on space launch vehicles manufactured in the United States, unless exempted by the President or his designated representative.
	www.ostp.gov /NSTC/html/pdd4.html (2548 words)

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