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Topic: Universal Basic Income

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	The Universal Welfare State
		The basic income would be regarded as a dividend, not a hand-out, and should be indexed.
		In the short term, the introduction of a universal basic income would be likely to see an increase in labour supply as people now on benefits (excluding GRI) and parents with partners who receive the GMFI would find their effective marginal tax rate halved.
		The provision of a universal basic income financed by a moderately high flat tax is an effective means of distributing incomes in a modern industrialised society.
	keithrankin.co.nz /kr_ubi91.html (6142 words)

	MichiganDaily.com
		The economic feasibility of instituting a sustainable Universal Basic Income program hinges on an empirical question: Since such a proposal would probably be financed by a heavy progressive income tax, enough people would have to want to pursue work that would generate an income that could be taxed so that the system could be perpetuated.
		Universal Basic Income would also compensate people who perform socially beneficial (but unpaid) labor and give people who might be more useful volunteering the opportunity to share their valuable skills with society.
		Universal Basic Income would also erode the coercive aspects of marriages where only one partner is the "bread-winner." When one person controls the income two people live on, that person potentially has more control over the relationship than the other.
	www.pub.umich.edu /daily/2001/jan/01-16-2001/edit/03.html (723 words)

	A New Fiscal Contract? Constructing a Universal Basic Income and a Social Wage.
		The introduction of a universal basic income, the removal of the concept of gross income, and the introduction of a single benefit abatement regime, constitute a solution to the problem of the poverty trap.
		A basic income system is particularly well adapted to the MMP environment, in which parties have to brand themselves, and in which coalition governments are accountable for the way they blend their policy manifestos.
		Income tax can be seen as a "just tax", in that it "takes from persons what they have no just right to possess" (Steiner 1992, p.81) and allocates to the owners of the public domain, who do have a just right to possess.
	keithrankin.co.nz /krnknubi1new.html (4486 words)

	Connecting Research to Policy - A Basic Income for All Canadians
		The economic justifications for a universal basic income are many and varied, most notably administrative simplicity, a more equitable sharing of the tax burden, the urgent need to support activities that are low paying but socially useful, and greater flexibility in the organization of work.
		It is often suggested that the basic income would not respect the "worth ethic" or that it may run contrary to the requirement for "reciprocity" that is a fundamental of society.
		In summary, the universal basic income can be seen as a full alternative to the strategy of employment grants that governments have increasingly favoured in recent years.
	policyresearch.gc.ca /page.asp?pagenm=v6n1_art_11 (917 words)

	Universal Basic Income: its Core and Essence
		The name "Universal Basic Income" arises in New Zealand from a paper I wrote in 1991 (The Universal Welfare State; incorporating proposals for a Universal Basic Income); a paper that spells out both the positive (ie analytical) and normative (moral philosophical) basis for the introduction of a UBI in New Zealand.
		The Universal Basic Income brand is more than this core idea of universality; more than the equivalence of explicit benefits paid through the Social Welfare arm of Government and the implicit benefits paid through the Inland Revenue arm of Government.
		Whereas in my 1991 paper I treated the UBI as simply a citizens income, with the SBI as an addition to it, the UBI concept has evolved to the point where the UBI, as a benefit, is the sum of the Citizens Income and the SBI.
	pl.net /~keithr/rf98_UBI_core.html (1144 words)

	Social Wage Tax Credits: a path to a Universal Basic Income.
		It is this universal approach, ironically, that most efficiently achieves the target that the tax cuts were supposed to be directed towards: low income workers and parents of dependent children.
		Universal benefits can serve the interests of those who favour a low social wage, but only so long as the benefits are low, linked to the elimination of all other forms of income support, and funded from the social wage by reducing other items of public expenditure.
		Low private incomes arise on account of different private inheritances, different prices attributed to different skills, unemployment, entrepreneurial failure (which is essential in an innovating economy) and other misfortune, and differing perceptions of the importance of private income as measures of contribution and personal worth.
	keithrankin.co.nz /krnknbyonpov.html (3480 words)

	Keith Rankin's Papers on Universal Basic Income etc
		A Basic Income for All, submitted to the NZ Herald; April 1998.
		Deriving a Universal Income from the Student Loan Scheme, 12 September 1998.
		Universal Basic Income: its Core and Essence, 23 March 1998.
	ubi.wairaka.net (642 words)

	A Modest Universal Basic Income Proposal
		In raising the average and marginal rate of income tax to 39%, it is a proposal that should be most attractive to a left-of-centre political party.
		As well as integrating income taxes and benefits, the proposal effectively integrates the student loan living allowance and the student loan repayment regime (see "Deriving a Universal Income from the Student Loan Scheme").
		Retired persons with significant privately-sourced income will be worse off under the UBI package on account of the loss of tax concessions (which will have been integrated with the UTC) and on account of the GMTB part of their pension being means tested.
	pl.net /~keithr/rf98_UBIat39percent.html (1577 words)

	Universal Basic Income: a System of Tax Reform
		Proportional income tax at the upper rate combined with a social dividend set at the maximum is always more equitable than the graduated tax scale from which it derives.
		Replacing graduated income tax scales with a proportionate scale in which all market income is taxed at the corporate rate renders the concept of personal tax meaningless.
		Redefining income tax as production tax is a key step that makes it possible for citizens to reclaim their economic inheritance by way of a meaningful fiscal contract between citizens and producers; a contract that defines the public share of national income on a constitutional basis.
	keithrankin.co.nz /KRankin1998conf.html (4431 words)

	The Invisible Hand, Money and the Universal Income
		The left-wing perspective is that the market does not recognise some basic human values such as a right for everyone to have their basic needs met or a right to full participation in society.
		A universal payment ensures that those who earn income are always better off than those who live on the UBI so UBI can be as high as a society wants it to be without creating resentment.
		An income tax system which has a 19.5% tax rate for the first $38,000 of income and 33% for income over $38,000 can be thought of as a system which taxes all income at 33% and gives those with incomes over $38,000 a benefit of $5,130 ($12,540 - $7,410) each year.
	www.esr.org.nz /events/even2000/ubi.html (2288 words)

	Scoop: Keith Rankin: The New American debate
		A Basic Income for All (http://bostonreview.mit.edu/BR25.5/vanparijs.html) – is by Europe's most prominent UBI advocate, Philippe van Parijs, who holds the Hoover Chair of Economic and Social Ethics at the Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium.
		Basic Income European Network, an organisation of the 'libertarian left' that occupies a space on the political spectrum in Europe that has been ignored in the United States and in those countries (like New Zealand) which take their intellectual lead from the USA.
		It was in 1991 that I coined the name 'universal basic income' for use in a paper that I submitted to a symposium on basic income held that year at Waikato University.
	www.scoop.co.nz /stories/HL0012/S00078.htm (1986 words)

	Universal Basic Income
		Sally Lerner strongly supports the concept of a Universal Basic Income (UBI) because she believes it will let paid and unpaid work to be shared more fairly and could open up employment for the low-skilled while giving them sufficient income to participate in society.
		While upgrading basic literacy, numeracy and computer skills can be viewed with more favour than specific training for jobs that may never materialize, there are concerns about raising the hopes for employment of those in training programs without some certainty that secure, adequately-waged jobs will be available for them.
		Sally Lerner is a lecturer at the University of Waterloo in Canada, and a co-convenor of the Futurework conference, an internet forum where many employment and community economic development activists meet and share ideas.
	www.jobsletter.org.nz /jbl07610.htm (1627 words)

	Guaranteed minimum income - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is sometimes known as a "Basic Income Guarantee (BIG)", "universal basic income", "citizen's income scheme", or just a basic income (the term "guaranteed annual income" is often used in the United States), but these systems also often include a method of paying for the income as well.
		The current model of progressive income taxes used throughout the western world could be eliminated, but the system would still be progressive, since those at the lower end of the wage scale would pay less in taxes than they would receive in guaranteed income.
		The basic income guarantee in Brazil is being slowly implemented in a series of phases.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Basic_income (903 words)

	A Basic Income for All
		And if enacted, a basic income would serve as a powerful instrument of social justice: it would promote real freedom for all by providing the material resources that people need to pursue their aims.
		Though the details vary, the basic idea of a negative income tax is to grant each citizen a basic income, but in the form of a refundable tax credit.
		Green-alternatives should also be attracted to basic income proposals, for a UBI can be viewed as a general subsidy financed by the market and state spheres to the benefit of the autonomous sphere.
	www.bostonreview.net /BR25.5/vanparijs.html (6129 words)

	Universal Basic Income, Newsletter 4 - August 1996
		The Universal Basic Income (UBI) is sometimes also referred to as a Citizens Income, and is in concept a term used to describe how every person in a particular country receives an income as of right, paid for from the general taxation system.
		A Universal Basic Income (UBI) (which already exists in the form of Government Superannuation) is a means of automatically delivering a regular income to each man, woman and child replacing all state financed benefits and resulting in the abolition of all state funded agencies.
		A Universal Basic Income, at a level to allow meaningful participation in addition to providing for daily needs in a context of collectively funded basic services such as health and education opportunities and housing support would lead to the development of such a climate.
	users.iconz.co.nz /iwgordon/newsltrs/ubinl4.htm (7379 words)

	Family values through free cash - Minnesota Daily
		Take Universal Basic Income: The proposal that every person in the United States (from Bill Gates to the homeless guys begging for change outside the liquor store) should receive an unconditional income - regardless of whether he or she works.
		Universal Basic Income isn't just a windfall for housewives either - it makes life easier on creative folks such as artists, musicians, writers and actors, who often have difficulty supporting themselves doing what they actually want to be doing.
		The biggest challenge to establishing a Universal Basic Income is the "freeloader" objection (one that, admittedly, is going to resonate with a lot of people) - but the benefits of a Universal Basic Income far outweigh the disadvantages.
	www.mndaily.com /articles/2004/12/13/11694 (975 words)

	Vivant
		The basic income guarantee (BIG) is the guarantee that all citizens will receive an unconditional income on an individual basis, without means test or work requirement.
		The "Citizen's Income Trust" promotes debate on the feasibility of a citizen's income by running seminars and conferences, publishing a newsletter and other publications, maintaining a library of resources, and responding to requests for information.
		Basic Income Guarantee Australia (BIGA) is an Australian University research web-site promoting a universal basic income guarantee as a just path to poverty elimination, economic security and solidarity in Australia and internationally.
	www.basicincome.be /Portal?language=e (643 words)

	Livable Income For Everyone-Links
		South Africa Unions: "a basic income grant of R100 a month to each unemployed person as a means of extending the social security net can also be a huge contribution to alleviating poverty.
		The debate between Sally Lerner (Basic Income author) and Jim Stanford (Labour economist) is no longer available on the CCPA website.
		Basic Income by Lerner, Clark and Needham, 1999
	www.livableincome.org /links.htm (639 words)

	The Chronicle: 1/16/2004: Lending a Lasting Hand
		The most controversial of the plans is the universal basic income, whose best-known contemporary proponent is Philippe van Parijs, a professor of economic and moral philosophy at the Catholic University of Louvain, in Belgium.
		A final objection to the basic income is that it would weigh down the economy by reducing people's incentive to learn new skills.
		"Basic income grants and the earned-income tax credit have a negative impact on human capital formation -- both theoretically and according to empirical evidence," says Robert A. Moffitt, a professor of economics at the Johns Hopkins University, who is generally skeptical of Mr.
	chronicle.com /free/v50/i19/19a01401.htm (2952 words)

	Universal Basic Income, New Zealand
		It involves giving all citizens, a basic level of income, as of right, with no means test, and regardless of age, gender, marital or work status.
		An alternative approach is to give all citizens a basic level of income with no means test, regardless of age, gender, marital or work status, or income level.
		Basic Liberal Rights and the Environment - Marc Davidson uses references from Robert Nozick, John Locke and Thomas Paine to support the right to environmental utilisation space as the foundation for a basic income.
	users.iconz.co.nz /iwgordon/ubinz.htm (904 words)

	The Free Liberal: Green Party calls for Basic Income
		Along with the basic income, however, everyone would be getting a monthly reminder that we’re all stakeholders with a direct interest in making government smaller and more efficient.
		The term “negative income tax” was coined by Milton Friedman, who called for it in Capitalism and Freedom as the best and most efficient way to help the poor; he has regularly reaffirmed his support.
		Basic income and the promise of an extra $600 or $800 a month could be the key to motivating and mobilizing ordinary Americans.
	www.freeliberal.com /archives/000452.html (791 words)

	What is Basic Income?
		A basic income is an income unconditionally granted to all on an individual basis, without means test or work requirement.
		But it is the inability to tackle unemployment with conventional means that has led in the last decade or so to the idea being taken seriously throughout Europe by a growing number of scholars and organizations.
		Social policy and economic policy can no longer be conceived separately, and basic income is increasingly viewed as the only viable way of reconciling two of their respective central objectives: poverty relief and full employment.
	www.etes.ucl.ac.be /BIEN/BI/Definition.htm (277 words)

	A Basic Income for All [Free Republic]
		Entering the new millennium, I submit for discussion a proposal for the improvement of the human condition: namely, that everyone should be paid a universal basic income (UBI), at a level sufficient for subsistence.
		By universal basic income I mean an income paid by a government, at a uniform level and at regular intervals, to each adult member of society.
		What further occurs is universal enforced servitude to enable an expanding irresponsibility--which is what we are seeing in America with the present expansion and overwhelming of social services to support a 33.8% out of wedlock birth rate.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3a06d1f86c35.htm (8336 words)

	Universal Basic Income (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In complete contrast, if the state paid everyone a basic wage then there would be no need to pry into the way people live their lives, or to claw back the basic wage.
		The basic income system would avoid these savage clawbacks by letting everyone keep their basic living wage, and then merely taxing extra income at a standard tax rate.
		In effect, a basic living wage for everyone would be just a fairer version of the current system.
	www.jobsletter.org.nz /jbl07611.htm (811 words)

	USBIG NEWSLETTER VOL
		Posters arguing for an unconditional universal basic income under the title "Freedom instead of full employment") were spread on the walls of Frankfurt's underground stations in November 2003 and some of them survived there for several weeks.
		His more ambitious 2001 citizen's income proposal, instead, was approved with some amendments by the Senate in December 2002 and by the relevant commissions of the Chamber of Deputies in September and November 2003.
		Or one needs to devise more observable alternative proxies of income poverty, such as the number of light bulbs, the quality of the material used for the house or how well fed the children look, at the expense of discouraging systematically a diligent use of the modest resources poor households have.
	widerquist.com /usbig/25JAN-FEB2004.htm (4142 words)

	Basic Income Poverty Issues Society
		- Advocates a global basic income provided under the authority of the United Nations.
		- Papers and information relating to the promotion of a universal basic income as a form of tax benefit reform.
		- Research about basic income from the Department of Environment and Resource Studies at the University of Waterloo.
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Society/Issues/Poverty/Basic_Income (228 words)

	QUT \| BIGA \| Universal Basic Income New Zealand UBINZ
		In September 1991, Michael Goldsmith organised a Saturday conference on Basic Income proposals at the University of Waikato.
		The name "Universal Basic Income" was used in Keith Rankin's paper, presented to that conference.
		The paper, "The Universal Welfare State; incorporating proposals for a Universal Basic Income", was widely circulated before publication.
	www.basicincome.qut.edu.au /aboutbiga/ubinz.jsp (318 words)

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