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Topic: Universal Dialectic

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	Universal dialectic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The idea of a universal dialectic is related to the Taoist concept of taiji or "supreme ultimate".
		Accordingly, the term "universal dialectic" can be seen as part of an attempt to Westernize the concept of Taiji in regard to the fundamental role and nature of complementary opposites in the ongoing process of creation.
		Proponents of the universal dialectic concept maintain that the discovery of shared metaphysical ground may be of benefit to students of both Eastern and Western philosophy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Universal_dialectic (134 words)

	Dialectical monism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dialectical monism is an ontological position which holds that reality is ultimately a unified whole, distinguishing itself from monism by asserting that this whole necessarily expresses itself in dualistic terms.
		For the dialectical monist, the essential unity is that of complementary polarities which, while opposed in the realm of experience and perception, are co-substantial in a transcendent sense.
		To establish its premises, dialectical monism posits a Universal Dialectic, which is seen as the fundamental principle of existence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dialectical_monism (506 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Dialectic
		It has always, moreover, connoted special aptitude or acuteness in reasoning, "dialectical skill"; and it was because of this characteristic of Zeno's polemic against the reality of motion or change that this philosopher is said to have been styled by Aristotle the master or founder of dialectic.
		After five or six centuries of fruitful development, under the influence, mainly, of this deductive dialectic, theology has again been drawing, for a century past, abundant and powerful aid from a renewed and increased attention to the historical and exegetical studies that characterized the earlier centuries of Christianity.
		Thus, according to Kant, our necessary and universal judgments about sense-data derive their necessity and universality from certain innate, subjective equipments of the mind called categories, or forms of thought, and are therefore validly applicable only to the phenomena or states of sense-consciousness.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04770a.htm (1599 words)

	Library - Online Library
		Dialectical Reason transcends the level of methodology; it states what a sector of the universe, or, perhaps, the whole universe is. It does not merely direct research, or even pre-judge the mode of appearance of objects.
		Dialectical Reason legislates, it defines what the world (human or total) must be like for dialectical knowledge to be possible; it simultaneously elucidates the movement of the real and that of our thoughts, and it elucidates the one by the other.
		Dialectical Reason is neither constituent nor constituted reason; it is Reason constituting itself in and through the world, dissolving in itself all constituted Reasons in order to constitute new ones which it transcends and dissolves in turn.
	www.nu.ac.za /ccs?3,28,10,802 (9032 words)

	The Aletheian Institute - EPISTEME - The Universal Dialectic
		Dialectical Monism is an ontology or metaphysics which attempts to describe the world at a fundamental level.
		Dialectical monism, although a philosophical rather than a scientific position, demands the greatest respect for the 'real' physics of modern science, considering that it is largely based on interpreting such physics.
		In light of the Universal Dialectic concept, we see that the problem of duality (dualism and pluralism) versus Oneness (monism) may be solved in the context of dialectical monism.
	naturyl.humanists.net /diamon.html (1768 words)

	G.W.F. Hegel -- Social and Political Thought [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		At this stage the universally right is abstract and one-sided and thus requires a move to a higher level of self-consciousness where the universally right is mediated by the particular convictions of the willing subject.
		However, right as an abstract universal and welfare as abstract particularity, may collide, since both are contingent on circumstances for their satisfaction, e.g., in cases where claims of right or welfare by someone may endanger the life of another there can be a counter-claim to a right of distress.
		The moments of universality, particularity, and individuality initially are represented respectively in the institutions of the family, civil society, and the state.
	www.iep.utm.edu /h/hegelsoc.htm (14441 words)

	Ecology, Desire and Revolution: An Interview with Chaia Heller (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		You are currently pursuing a Ph.D. in anthropology at a major university, yet the post-structuralist intellectual environment of the university is marked by a disregard for a radical politics focusing on a revolutionary universal theory and instead focuses exclusively on the post-structuralist project of describing, analyzing, and problematizing, focusing almost exclusively on the particular.
		What happens is the inability of a social movement to take the next step towards the universal and towards the political — the classical sense of the political as the citizen and subject acting within a citizens assembly to manage his and her everyday life within a community.
		They start to compete with each other when we become unable to understand the dialect between the universal and particular; when we feel we have to choose between being an anarchist who is interested in the general liberation of humanity and a feminist interested in the particular liberation of women.
	perspectives.anarchist-studies.org /6Chaia.htm (2983 words)

	Eugenia L. Bassani - BIOFISICA E PULSOLOGIA
		Through the “dialectic system” and through the “ten numbers” CTM faces the problem of the system’s complexity and reaches the “uniqueness” of the vital dynamics, as well the infinite variety in the aspects of life.Through these numbers CTM describes the general laws and principles of life which ensure its continuous flow.
		At the Centre is found the “harmony within nature”, which is the role of the therapist according to CTM; the dialectics' dualism favours the reunion of separate elements and the definition of its complementarity, or else their opposition and contradiction.
		It is the dialectic which operates in favour of the understanding and the organization of a multitude of vital dualisms and, at the same time, considers its constant relativity occurring inside the union of contraries or in the contradiction of the unity.
	www.eugeniabassani.it /eb/en/cap_09.htm (965 words)

	International Catholic University: 32.12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Thus, rhetoric and dialectic seem superior to demonstration in that each can argue both sides of an issue and can discuss anything, but ultimately both are less perfect than demonstration because their conclusions are only probable.
		It begins with a more universal principle, "the harder good is the better good," and concludes to a more particular conclusion, "virtue is better than pleasure." Thus the enthymeme and the syllogism are alike because both begin from the more universal and conclude to the less universal.
		That kind of premiss does not have the universality that is required for the syllogism, but it is the appropriate material for an enthymeme because the enthymeme has a conclusion that is less certain than that of the syllogism.
	home.comcast.net /~icuweb/c03212.htm (3898 words)

	Aristotle's Logic
		These expressions are parallel to those with which Aristotle distinguishes universal and particular terms, and Aristotle is aware of that, explicitly distinguishing between a term being a universal and a term being universally predicated of another.
		Whatever is affirmed or denied of a universal subject may be affirmed or denied of it it universally (katholou or "of all", kata pantos), in part (kata meros, en merei).
		Gymnastic dialectical contests were sometimes, as the name suggests, for the sake of exercise in developing argumentative skill, but they may also have been pursued as a part of a process of inquiry.
	www.science.uva.nl /~seop/archives/spr2000/entries/aristotle-logic (10608 words)

	[No title]
		In dialectic it is different: a man is a 'sophist' because he has a certain kind of moral purpose, a 'dialectician' in respect, not of his moral purpose, but of his faculty.
		As a matter of fact, it is a branch of dialectic and similar to it, as we said at the outset.
		Dialectic does not construct its syllogisms out of any haphazard materials, such as the fancies of crazy people, but out of materials that call for discussion; and rhetoric, too, draws upon the regular subjects of debate.
	eserver.org /philosophy/aristotle/rhetoric.txt (20842 words)

	20th WCP: Poetry, History, and Dialectic
		Aristotle claims that the art of dialectic sketched in the Topics contributes to philosophical knowledge because it can be used to find indemonstrable first principles from common opinions: "for, being capable of examining, dialectic has a path to the principles of all disciplines" (õB¤ £œŸæ›à¤) (I.2.101b3-4).
		Aristotle never mentions a science of history; rather, he claims that history concerns the particular rather than the universal (9.1451b6-7), a sure indication that it is not a science, for science is of the universal.
		The dialectic of the Topics is not an explicit concern here, but it is presupposed at every juncture.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Anci/AnciHal1.htm (4244 words)

	20th WCP: The Life, Work and Death of Self-Consciousness in Hegel's Master-Slave Dialectic
		In this dialectical move, Hegel has articulated one of the most profound and paradoxical truths of human existence, namely that an awareness of death and finitude is the inception of man's potential differentiation of self from his natural origins and the beginning of man's self-consciousness.
		The particular and immediate being of the 'This'(Sense-Certainty), the universal Thing with its many properties (Perception), and the self-eliciting forces (Understanding) were all dialectical consequences of consciousness' certainty regarding the Truth of this other.
		Indeed, the natural finitude of man constitutes the dialectical possibility of man's freedom from slavish nature in and through his work, and the latter is likewise the means by which Life as self-conscious redeems itself from its own slavish 'in-itself'.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Anth/AnthWate.htm (4018 words)

	The Dialectic - Communism: a New Critique and Counterproposal
		The history of the universe and mankind and also all natural phenomena are the process of the dialectical development of the self- realization of the Absolute Spirit.
		For the universe was created by God and it is headed for purpose and develops by the autonomy of the Principle itself.
		According to the Communist dialectic, it movement arises only because of a conditional cause given from the outside (for example, heat), and not because of the essential contradiction within the thing, then the movement appears as repetitive movement.
	www.tparents.org /library/unification/books/cncc/cncc-03.htm (2540 words)

	Symmetry in Psychology
		Dialectical psychology posits that we go through life continually encountering and reconciling contradictions, which arise out of the classical Heraclitean dialectic of change and incompleteness.
		Dialectical thinking consists of an exploration of contradictory possibilities that results in a cognition that reduces cognitive dissonance.
		This of course is of the nature of the dialectical pair, whose first component strips away the overlap of concepts and whose second component penetrates quickly to the commonality and exploration of alternatives that characterizes intelligence.
	www.mi.sanu.ac.yu /vismath/hoffman (3552 words)

	hegel
		This dialectic process of otherness and return is discovered in history, and is exemplified in Hegel's work on civilisation, religion, and philosophy.
		In the course of this, H argues that Christianity is the Absolute religion since its creeds embody essential elements of the Idea - eg the Trinity is a representation of movements of the Universal (Father) to the particular (Son) to the recovery of the particular in the community (Holy Ghost).
		H also believed in the need for a monarchy, as the universalist symbol of the State, and, to give due weight to the need to preserve the concept of the particular and individual, an actual hereditary person had to be it.
	www.arasite.org /hegel.html (2203 words)

	Mumblings of a Platonist » Ancient (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Socrates at 533a appears to warn Glaucon off but, immediately after this warning (still at 533a, in fact) he proceeds to tell him what a power of dialectic is and, I want to argue, at 533b-d, he tells him the path of dialectic (as compared to the path of practical concerns or mathematics…).
		This problem has usually been overlooked by students of Plato’s dialectic; and the reason is probably that they have taken him as meaning that question-and-answer is essential only to teaching and not also to discovery.
		So, again, it seems odd that he would be talking about the nature of the dialectic rather than the object of knowledge reached by the method of the dialectic.
	www.platonicrelationship.com /blogger.php?cat=4 (11375 words)

	Mortimer Adler's Syntopicon
		Particulars and universals in predications or judgments: the quantity of propositions; the universal, the particular, and the singular judgment
		Dialectic as the pursuit of truth and the contemplation of being
		The distinction of rhetoric from dialectic and sophistry: the rhetorician and the philosopher
	www.robotwisdom.com /ai/syntopicon.html (6073 words)

	Rhetoric (Aristotle)
		No other of the arts draws opposite conclusions: dialectic and rhetoric alone do this.
		Let us now try to give some account of the systematic principles of Rhetoric itself-of the right method and means of succeeding in the object we set before us.
		The infallible kind is a 'complete proof' (tekmerhiou); the fallible kind has no specific name.
	academics.triton.edu /uc/files/rhetoric.html (20828 words)

	Dao De Jing (Tao Te Ching)
		Being the valley of the universe, Always true and resourceful, Return to the state of the uncarved block.
		Approach the universe with Dao, And evil is not powerful, But its power will not be used to harm others.
		It is the meeting ground of the universe, The mother of the universe.
	naturyl.humanists.net /ttc.html (5512 words)

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