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Topic: Universal Networking Language

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	Universal Networking Language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In machine translation, Universal Networking Language (UNL) is an artificial pivot language, that relies on the semi-automatic translation from the initial text in a natural language into its pivot equivalent.
		BabelCode, UNL and KCE (by Carnegie Mellon University) are all more or less based on knowledge representation theory but apply it in different levels.
		UNL is not the first attempt to use a pivot for machine translation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Universal_Networking_Language (486 words)

	[23 Nov 1998]: PRESS BRIEFING ON UNIVERSAL NETWORKING LANGUAGE
		Puntikov said UNL was a computer language which would be understood and interpreted by a computer programme.
		Senta said the Language was currently only available to the network of scientists and researchers working to help improve the technology and quality of the service.
		Senta said that in the early stages, UNL was not intended for translating poetry or Shakespeare.
	www.un.org /News/briefings/docs/1998/19981123.unl.brf.html (767 words)

	UNL
		The Universal Networking Language (UNL) project is an international enterprise under the auspice of the United Nations University (UNU) in Tokyo.
		For this the UNL has been defined as a digital metalanguage for describing, summarizing, refining, storing and disseminating information in a machine-independent and human-language-neutral form.
		UNL can be seen as a kind of mark-up language which represents not the formatting but the core information of a text.
	www.iai.uni-sb.de /iaien/en/unl.htm (254 words)

	UNL.Ru :: Introduction of the Universal Networking Language
		The design of the UNL system and its core software applications is being created by the UNL Center at the Institute of Advanced Studies of UNU.
		The first four years (1996-1999) are devoted to creating the UNL core system and of the conversion modules for a dozen natural languages, including the six official languages of the United Nations.
		The UNL Center is fully operational, and has begun implementing an experimental software system, in collaboration with research institutes and R&D companies all over the world which conduct researches in several languages: Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Hindu, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Mongolian, Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish.
	www.unl.ru /introduction.html (667 words)

	UNL Conference
		The UNL international conference at Goa from Nov 25-29 was organized by the UNDL foundation of Switzerland, TRANSCULTURA of Brazil and IIT Bombay, India.
		The overall theme for development of a Universal Networking Language(UNL) is “building universal knowledge” to facilitate a dialogue for reciprocal knowledge and transcultural understanding among civilizations for building peace, development and welfare for all nations.
		The UNDL propounds the theory that universalization could be achieved while keeping intact the local concept and context of a community while translating their language into other languages.
	www.tdil.mit.gov.in /UNLconference.htm (1431 words)

	PCQuest : Technology : Many Languages on the Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		People speak different languages and the number of natural languages along with their dialects is estimated to be close to 4,000.
		Decoding the UNL expressions into a sentence of any target language is done using word dictionary and the generation rules of the target language.
		UNL has been found to be very useful for various multilingual information tasks as well as document processing applications.
	pcquest.ciol.com /content/technology/102091204.asp (1019 words)

	ipedia.com: Machine translation Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Human languages consist of morphology (the way words are built up from small meaning-bearing units), syntax (sentence structure), and semantics (meaning).
		It is often argued that the problem of machine translation requires the problem of natural language understanding to be solved first.
		Given enough data, most MT programs work well enough for a native speaker of one language to get the approximate meaning of what is written by the other native speaker.
	www.ipedia.com /machine_translation.html (764 words)

	Universal Language to scale Tower of Babel - The Times of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Universal Language, according to computer scientists, will end the reign of English as the de facto language of the internet.
		This means that once the word âloveâ is converted into the Universal Language, it can emerge as pyar in Hindi or prem in Marathi or bhalobasha in Bengali, depending on which language the user wants.
		A translation of the above Hindi sentence in the Universal Language will specify exactly whoâs giving sweets to whom.ââ One of the target users of the Universal Language, besides urban internet users, is the rural farmer who would be able to use the net in his mother tongue.
	timesofindia.indiatimes.com /articleshow/578697.cms (517 words)

	kerala education profile
		According to UNL experts, each sentence from a natural language text can be represented as a "hyper-graph with concept words (known also as universal words) as nodes and relations as arcs." (If you are unfamiliar with the concept of graphs, hyper-graphs and so on, check out http://www.nist.gov/dads/HTML/graph.html).
		Once the UNL technology is in place and available widely, a netizen can compose content in his native language through a UNL-editor, which will automatically convert the document into the intermediary language with the help of a language server.
		Thus once the UNL components are available as browser plug-ins, anyone on the Net can read any foreign texts in a language of his choice.
	www.keralaeducation.com /HTML/towardslanguage.htm (869 words)

	UNL Symposium 2001 - Geneva
		I am very pleased to be able to be with you at the inauguration of this new and exciting venture which is the Universal Networking Language (UNL) Foundation.
		This is mostly the cost of translation for six official languages by simultaneous interpreters, by translators and editors.
		Those with advanced languages skills could be deployed into other areas of common understanding, perhaps even working to perfect the machine models.
	www.itu.int /osg/sg/speeches/2001/01unl.html (793 words)

	ILSP - R&D projects - UNL
		Since 1996, the UN has supported the project Universal Networking Language (UNL), which aims to develop a technically flexible multilingual Machine Translation System for WEB applications.
		After the first concrete results were obtained, UN created a group of cooperating institutions, called UNL Society, with about two hundred members all over the world.
		ILSP is a member of this group since 2001 and represents Greece and the Greek Language.
	www.ilsp.gr /unl_eng.html (83 words)

	[lojban] Universal Networking Language (fwd)
		Ein Vorteil von Lojban gegenueber UNL ist, dass immerhin ein paar Dutzend Gurus bereits in dieser Sprache kommuniziert und in Lojban ueber die Verbesserung von Lojban nachdenkt.
		Here is the nearest thing to a detailed description available to the public (looks like a translation from the Japanese): # UNL represents information expressed in sentence as a set of relations # between meanings expressed by words.
		Vocabulary of UNL consists of; # - UW (Universal Word), that represents a word meaning # - Relation label, that represents a relationship between UWs # - Attribute label, that expresses further definition or # additional information of UW which appears in sentence.
	www.fitug.de /debate/9811/msg00297.html (401 words)

	RE: [Mt-list] Fwd: Universal Networking Language (UNL), other Interlingu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The latter is more practical for the system but moves the burden to the user; that's why a Win32 programmer has to consult MSDN and search the Usenet for relevant discussions (and sample code therein) before he could reliably develop for a certain application field (e.g.
		LingoX is a foreign language writing aid inspired from the controlled language authoring process and, more indirectly, from the "IntelliSense" feature seen in Microsoft Visual Studio.
		When the user types in a foreign language anywhere in Windows, the program intercepts keyboard input and display under the blinking cursor the "usage syntax" information for the last word/phrase he has typed.
	www.mail-archive.com /mt-list@eamt.org/msg00756.html (910 words)

	Book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Abstract: Universal Networking Language (UNL) is an interlingua-based framework aimed to facilitate semantic processing of natural language by a computer.
		The UNL initiative is a research project supported by the Institute of Advanced Studies of the University of the United Nations University.
		The volume is useful for UNL experts as well as for researchers and students in natural language processing, computational linguistics, and related areas.
	www.cicling.org /2005/UNL-book (682 words)

	INFO: UNL (Universal Networking Language) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		UNL http://www.unl.ias.unu.edu/eng/brochure/top_e.html UNL (Universal Networking Language) is a language that - with its companion "enconverter" and "deconverter" software - enables communication among peoples of differing native languages.
		Just as easily, any UNL text can be "deconverted" from UNL into native languages.
		United Nations University's UNL Center will work with its partners to create and promote the UNL software, which will be compatible with popular network servers and computing platforms.
	www.xlation.com /mailing-lists/xr/Nov1999/msg00041.html (183 words)

	CHINA
		According to the statistical data, the users of domestic computers mostly are higher educated (at least graduated from secondary schools), because knowledge of foreign language is needed in applying computers.
		Among the networking users, 25.3% are in Beijing, 11.5% in Guangdong province, 7.8% in Shanghai.
		But the products of the second kind are the direction of developing machine translation, their main users are government offices, large and medium scale enterprises, colleges and universities, and scientific research institutions, and will finally be expanded to broad private users, so the development has a great future.
	www.cicc.or.jp /english/hyoujyunka/mlit3/7-1.html (2010 words)

	Asia/Pacific Computer Services - links about Spoken Languages, Speech Recognition, Translation
		It is an artificial language that replicates the functions of natural languages in human communication.
		Of course, English, as the preferred language of exchange in the scientific and commercial world, will maintain its very considerable advantage, but its advantage will no longer be absolute, since only slightly more than 10% of human beings master English as their first or second language!
		An introduction to the Thai language - Thai belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family.
	www.notestracker.com /Links/SpokenLanguages.htm (4289 words)

	Campus Diary
		A one day symposium on Universal Networking Language (UNL) was held in the IIT Bombay Guest House on the 10th April 2001, which was organized by the UNL research team of the Computer Science and Engineering Department working under Prof.
		The UNL effort has been initiated by the United Nations in which 18 countries are participating with the aim of alleviating the problem of language barrier on the Internet.
		Goolam Mohamedbhai, Vice Chancellor, University of Mauritius, visited IIT B on the 2nd April and discussed the possibilities of collaboration between the two institutions, specifically in areas of Computer Science, information and Communication Technology, Systems and Control and Management.
	www.iitbombay.org /info/news/may01.htm (1422 words)

	links.html
		"coedition to share text revision across languages and improve MT a posteriori" -Christian Boitet and Wang-Ju Tsai, 1/9/2002, Taipei Taiwan, COLING2002.
		"An Introduction to UNL (Universal Networking Language)" - Wang-Ju Tsai, Verein der Taiwanesen in Deutschland, Strasburg, France, 01/11/2001.
		"On UNL as the future "html of the linguistic content" and the reuse of existing NLP components in UNL-related applications with the example of a UNL-French deconverter", Sérasset G. and Boitet Ch.
	www-clips.imag.fr /geta/User/wang-ju.tsai/unllinks.html (516 words)

	Laboratory for Intelligent Internet Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		International Symposium on Universal Networking Language, Shanghai, China, November, 2001.
		Universal Networking Language Workshop, Geneva, Switzerland, January, 2001.
		Invited paper at DNIS 2000: International Workshop on Databases in Networked Information Systems, University of Aizu, Japan, December 2000.
	www.it.iitb.ac.in /~vivekananda/testpages/laiir_pubs.html (1155 words)

	FYI: UN Universal Networking Language
		Hi, The following sounded like it may be of interest to EC and Finance folk.
		Networking Language (UNL) for describing the relationships between
		They claim that the aim of this language is
	www.omg.org /archives/finance/msg00648.html (126 words)

	Universal Networking Language - Above Top Secret Conspiracy Community
		The UN is trying to decentralize machine translation with the Universal Networking Language.
		The user's corresponding browser add-on will then spot this text and request a translation from a UNL server.
		There was a news story about Bill Gates making a billion dollar commitment to UN efforts to get the third world on-line.
	www.abovetopsecret.com /forum/thread31377/pg1 (554 words)

	Constructing Better Document Vectors Universal Networking Language (UNL) (ResearchIndex)
		Using semantic relations provided by UNL for document representation.
		Abstract: Encoding a document in a vector is a very crucial step for any vector space model based IR (Information Retrieval) system.
		1 Conversion of English Language Texts to Universal Networking..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /558466.html (533 words)

	Web Resources for Universal Networking Language (UNL) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		An "enconverter" for codifying Brazilian Portuguese into UNL and a "deconverter" for decodifying UNL into Brazilian Portuguese.
		Universal Networking Language (UNL) a Means to Bridge the Digital Divide
		Multilingual documents management by using Universal Networking Language UNL on Alignment Gestion Tool OGA
	www.peterindia.net /UniversalNetworkingLanguage.html (70 words)

	Creating a Universal Networking Language Module within an Advanced NLP System (ResearchIndex)
		Creating a Universal Networking Language Module within an Advanced NLP System (2000)
		The environment has several NLP applications, including a machine translation system, a natural language interface to SQL type databases, synonymous paraphrasing of sentences, syntactic error correction module, and a computer-assisted language learning tool.
		Emphasis is laid on a new module of the processor responsible for the interface with the Universal Networking Language, a recent product by the UN University intended for the...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /431824.html (293 words)

	Interling - Interlingual Machine Translation Using UNL
		This site will be devoted to the topic of my Diploma thesis, Robustness in Natural Language Generation: The German Realization of UNL Expressions.
		Universal Networking Language (UNL) project for interlingual machine translation.
		The software used differs fundamentally from the UNL Development Set distributed by the project management.
	www.interling.de (108 words)

	Fall in blog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Hoy, al leer el ultimo post de Bido sobre la influencia del idioma en la Base de Datos de ISI, he recordado el proyecto patrocinado por la Unesco: UNL (Universal Networking Language).
		Otra opciÃ³n del sistema UNL es que el proveedor de la informaciÃ³n sÃ³lo tenga la base documental y que los Â«generadoresÂ» de cada lenguaje se encuentren en el ordenador personal.”
		En reseÃ±as antiguas sobre el UNL, indicaban que en el 2005 este proyecto serÃa una realidad.
	fallinblog.webcindario.com (1755 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Universal Networking Language Summer School, Mumbai, India, April, 2003
		Leading Marathi Channel of Dooradarshan "Sahyadri" covered the Indian Language Technology Activities at IIT Bombay in March 2004.
		Universal Digital Library Conference, IIIT Allahabad, 19-20 March, 2005
	www.cse.iitb.ac.in /~pb/honors.html (411 words)

	Re: [lojban] Universal Networking Language (fwd) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		John Cowan wrote: > Sounds pretty crude and primitive compared to Lojban.
		How do you see a possibility of outperforming the UNL vaporware?
		Prev by thread: [lojban] Universal Networking Language (fwd)
	www.fitug.de /debate/9811/msg00308.html (91 words)

	Update Information For Conlang Of Universal Networking Language
		Update Information For Conlang Of Universal Networking Language
		PC Magazine Editors' Choice for web survey software.
		This form cannot be submitted unless JavaScript is enabled.
	www.langmaker.com /db/mdl_universalnetworkingla_form.htm (146 words)

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