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Topic: Unmanned space mission

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	Unmanned space mission - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Since the early 1970s, most unmanned space missions have been based on space probes with built-in mission computers, and as such may be classified as embedded systems.
		Most American unmanned missions have been coordinated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and European missions by the European Space Operations Centre, part of ESA (the European Space Agency).
		Unmanned space missions may be divided into two classes: artificial satellites, which orbit the Earth, and space probes, which leave Earth's orbit to explore other worlds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Unmanned_space_mission (260 words)

	Human spaceflight - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Human spaceflight is space exploration with a human crew and possibly passengers, which is in contrast to robotic space probes or remotely-controlled unmanned space missions.
		Apollo 10 was the next mission, and it tested the lunar landing craft in lunar orbit without actually landing.
		Missions carried out by the United States are both governmental (NASA) and civilian (Scaled Composites, a California-based company).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manned_space_mission (576 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Unmanned space mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Some missions are more suitable for unmanned missions rather than manned space mission (additional info and facts about manned space mission) s, due to lower cost and lower risk factors.
		Since the early 1970s, most unmanned space missions have been based on space probes with built-in mission computers, and as such may be classified as embedded system (additional info and facts about embedded system) s.
		Most American unmanned missions have been coordinated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (additional info and facts about Jet Propulsion Laboratory), and European missions by ESOC (additional info and facts about ESOC), part of ESA (additional info and facts about ESA) (the European Space Agency).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/u/un/unmanned_space_mission.htm (1465 words)

	Giotto mission - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Giotto was a European unmanned space mission from the European Space Agency, intended to fly by and study Halley's Comet.
		The spacecraft is derived from the GEOS research satellite built by British Aerospace, and modified with the addition of a dust shield as proposed by Fred Whipple and comprising a thin aluminium sheet separated by a space and a thicker Kevlar sheet.
		The mission was given the go-ahead by ESA in 1980, and launched on an Ariane 1 rocket (flight V14) on 1985 July 2 from Kourou.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Giotto_mission (906 words)

	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Unmanned space mission - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Unmanned missions are often more effective in carrying out scientific and observational missions than manned space missions, due to lower cost and lower risk factors.
		Most American unmanned missions have been coordinated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and European missions by ESOC, part of ESA (the European Space Agency).
		Giotto mission - Flyby of the Halley comet (1986).
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/un/Unmanned_space_missions (214 words)

	Space Mission Design solar foci gravity lense deep space
		The following is a plan for an unmanned deep space mission to a distance of 550 Astronomical Units (AU) from the Sun and beyond.
		TAU mission objectives include the investigation of the location and properties of the heliopause, the properties of the interstellar medium, and the detection of low energy cosmic rays.
		The mass of the Hubble space telescope (11.2 metric tons) as an estimate for the mass of the payload for this mission.
	www.tsgc.utexas.edu /archive/design/foci (2890 words)

	Cluster mission - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Cluster mission is an European Space Agency (ESA) unmanned space mission mission to study the Earth's magnetosphere using four identical spacecraft flying in a tetrahedral formation.
		The first four Cluster spacecraft were lost in the Ariane 5 flight failure on 1996 June 4, leading to the rebuilding of four new spacecraft and their successful launching in 2000 on Soyuz-Fregat rockets.
		One goal of the mission was to improve the forecasting of space weather and the interruptions caused by the solar wind.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cluster_mission (429 words)

	Space probe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A space probe is an unmanned space mission in which a spacecraft leaves Earth's orbit.
		The first successful space probe was the Soviet Luna 1, which studied the Moon in 1959.
		Subsequently, space agencies in the United States, Europe and Japan have flown probes to nearly every planet in the solar system and several asteroids and comets.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_probe (393 words)

	Aurora Programme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Aurora Programme of the European Space Agency is an ambitious programme of manned and unmanned exploration of the Solar system, and particularly Mars.
		Member states commit to participation for five-year periods (the first is 2005-2009), after which they can change their level of participation or pull out entirely.
		Arrow missions are technology demonstrator missions focused on developing a certain technology needed for the Flagship missions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aurora_Programme (405 words)

	Space Exploration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Space Exploration is the science and engineering of spacecraft and space probes used for investigation of physical conditions in space and in celestial bodies - e.g.
		Space exploration, or astronautics, is interdisciplinary in that it draws upon the findings of such fields as physics, astronomy, mathematics, chemistry, biology, medicine, electronics, and meteorology.
		The Space Shuttle is a reusable rocket-launched vehicle designed to transport people and cargo between Earth and orbiting spacecraft, and then to return to the Earth's surface by gliding down and landing on a runway.
	kosmoi.com /Space/Exploration (1561 words)

	Cassini-Huygens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cassini-Huygens is a joint NASA/ESA/ASI unmanned space mission intended to study Saturn and its moons.
		The total cost of the Cassini-Huygens mission is about US$3.26 billion, including $1.4 billion for pre-launch development, $704 million for mission operations, $54 million for tracking and $422 million for the launch vehicle.
		NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) performed a joint study of the potential mission from 1984 to 1985.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cassini-Huygens (4678 words)

	::: MBO ::: CHINESE MOON PLANS ::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		China has revealed plans to launch an unmanned space mission to the moon within the next two-and-a-half years.
		A manned mission to the moon is not currently a goal for China, although ultimately the world's most populous nation will send people on lunar expeditions, according to Ouyang.
		China has so far launched four unmanned space flights, the last of which, Shenzhou IV, successfully returned to earth on January 5 after a 162-hour mission.
	www.tcin.com /mbo.nsf/print/CHINESE+MOON+PLANS (340 words)

	AFP-991121-Space-Mission
		It was the first of "several" unmanned test flights to be carried out before China attempts to place the first Chinese national in space, the semi-official China News Service reported.
		The three-stage space craft, which was composed of a propulsion unit and an orbital and re-entry vehicle, was monitored by the Beijing-based command center and four survey ships located around the globe.
		Chinese space industry officials said this summer that China would be ready to launch its first manned space flight early next century.
	www.taiwansecurity.org /AFP/AFP-991121-Space-Mission.htm (561 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Science -- Idaho professor's Saturn experiment – 18 years in the making – ...
		The mission to study Saturn and its moons was launched in 1997 from Cape Canaveral, Fla., a joint effort by NASA, the European agency and the Italian space agency.
		Last Friday, Huygens, the European space probe sent to the surface of Saturn's moon Titan, transmitted the first detailed pictures of the frozen surface.
		Even so, he said the overall space mission was a huge success, and the Europeans in particular were thrilled with the success of their Huygens probe.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/science/20050120-1416-lostinspace.html (513 words)

	United Space Alliance - Today in Space History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Soviet Lunar program had 20 successful missions to the Moon and achieved a number of notable lunar "firsts": first probe to impact the Moon, first flyby and image of the lunar farside, first soft landing, first lunar orbiter, and the first circumlunar probe to return to Earth.
		Lunar flyby missions (Luna 3, Zond 3, 6, 7, 8) obtained photographs of the lunar surface, particularly the limb and farside regions.
		The purpose of the photography experiments on the lunar landers (Luna 9, 13, 22) was to obtain closeup images of the surface of the Moon for use in lunar studies and determination of the feasibility of manned lunar landings.
	www.unitedspacealliance.com /calendar/pages/1121.htm (182 words)

	Unmanned space mission - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Unmanned programs through the ages (first mission year given, if known):
		Muses-A mission (Hiten and Hagoromo) - Lunar orbital and hard-landing probes (1990-1993).
		Giotto mission - Flyby of Comet Halley (1986)
	open-encyclopedia.com /Unmanned_space_mission (408 words)

	CNN.com - 2010 moon mission for China - May 20, 2002
		China is already training 12 astronauts to prepare for the nation's first manned space mission, which it aims to launch by 2005.
		The latest targets come as Beijing plans to create a space industry and earn the prestige of joining the United States and Russia as the only nations to have sent humans into space.
		In 2001, in its second unmanned mission, China sent a monkey, a dog, a rabbit and snails into orbit aboard the Shenzhou II.
	edition.cnn.com /2002/TECH/space/05/20/china.space (387 words)

	Space Mission Acronym List and Hyperlink Guide
		There are a lot of mission descriptions in the Mission Requirements and Data Systems Support Forecast (501-803) from the Mission Management Office (Code 501) of the Mission Operations and Data Systems Directorate (MO&DSD, Code 500) at NASA GSFC.
		Spacecraft Missions (not working last time I checked) from the Center for Space Research (not working last time I checked, but apparently still valid, see Center for Space Research) at the University of Texas at Austin.
		Space Research Institute (IKI) is the leading organization of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the field of investigations of Outer Space, Solar System planets and other objects of the Universe.
	ranier.hq.nasa.gov /Sensors_page/MissionLinks.html (900 words)

	India, Russia plan unmanned moon mission - News From Russia - News From Russia
		Joint space research is emerging as a thrust area of Indo-Russian cooperation in science and technology, with India and Russia agreeing to pool efforts for an unmanned space mission to the moon and the setting up of a space navigation system.
		A memorandum of understanding signed today between ISRO and the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, Rosaviakosmos, on the sidelines of the Prime Minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee's visit to Russia, calls for massive Russian input in ISRO's moon mission programme.
		The Soviet Union was the first to send automatic probes to the moon, photograph its back side, and to bring lunar rock probes to the earth, even though the United States was later the first to land a man on the moon.
	www.gateway2russia.com /st/art_167186.php (466 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Space - Apollo 12
		Launched on the 14th of November 1969, Apollo 12 was the second manned landing on the Moon.
		Its main aim was to land close to Surveyor 3, an unmanned probe which had landed 3 years earlier.
		Upon return to Earth on the 24 of November, it was discovered that bacteria, sealed inside Surveyor during construction, had actually survived the time in space and on the Moon; a testimony to the durability of life.
	www.bbc.co.uk /science/space/exploration/missiontimeline/apollo12.shtml (323 words)

	Mars 1 - TheBestLinks.com - June 19, Soviet Union, Space exploration, Unmanned space mission, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Mars 1 (1962 Beta Nu 1) was an automatic interplanetary station launched in the direction of Mars, the first of the Soviet Mars probe program, with the intent of flying by the planet at a distance of about 11,000 km.
		The probe recorded one micrometeorite strike every two minutes at altitudes ranging from 6000 to 40,000 km due to the Taurids meteor shower and also recorded similar densities at distances from 20 to 40 million km.
		Magnetic field intensities of 3-4 gammas with peaks as high as 6-9 gammas were measured in interplanetary space and the solar wind was detected.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Mars_1.html (603 words)

	China's former president Jiang seeks limelight from manned space mission
		China's plan to send its people into space dates back to 1970, but the program was cancelled due to lack of funds.
		The 77-year-old leader has closely followed the space program over his past 13 years in power and travelled to the Jiuquan Launch Center for China's third unmanned space mission on March 25, 2001.
		Analysts said a successful space mission could help boost the legitimacy of the communist party and one of the main beneficiaries will be Jiang.
	www.spacedaily.com /2003/031012013241.13bnqxtn.html (636 words)

	SPACE.com -- Lawmaker Urges NASA on Hubble Mission
		NASA had once planned to repair worn out parts with either a manned space mission or using a robotic arm that would attach itself to the telescope.
		"This is a very important mission for us to continue and complete," he said during a tour of the Hubble lab, which holds the robotic arm that could be used to fix the telescope.
		The plan calls for an unmanned spacecraft to dock with Hubble and extend a robotic arm controlled by technicians on Earth that would perform tasks.
	www.space.com /news/hoyer_hubble_050330.html (547 words)

	Space Exploration Merit Badge
		Discuss with your counselor an unmanned space exploration mission and an early manned mission.
		Tell about each mission's major discoveries, its importance, and what we learned from it about the planets, moons, or regions of space explored.
		Design an unmanned mission to another planet or moon that will return samples of its surface to Earth.
	www.meritbadge.com /mb/107.htm (324 words)

	SuperMOCA Road Show Demonstration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Only one operations center, one ground terminal, and one spacecraft with payload are shown, however, a given space mission may be supported by a network of multiple operations centers, ground terminals, spacecraft and payloads.
		Furthermore, the systems implemented for these space missions are mostly specialized for each individual mission or mission set.
		The Space Project Mission Operations Control Architecture (SuperMOCA) task is a NASA-sponsored activity that is developing an architecture and a set of technologies and associated open system specifications (including SMS) for monitor and control of remote space systems and supporting remote ground terminals.
	supermoca.jpl.nasa.gov /supermoca/html/supermoca_road_show_demonstrat.html (676 words)

	An Indian on moon in 20 years?
		The issue would be discussed with National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) officials at a joint Indo-US workshop in Bangalore in June this year on peaceful exploration of space and on areas of scientific and business cooperation.
		While the scientific value of another mission to the moon might be limited considering that probes have been exploring Earth's satellite since the 1950s, the mission would undoubtedly be a landmark for India's engineers.
		The Space comittee should think several times before wasting huge fund on this project.60% of indians are strugling for one time food, no basic amenities...
	ushome.rediff.com /news/2004/feb/12moon.htm (699 words)

	outlookindia.com \| wired
		Experts in charge of China's manned space programme said the return of the spaceship represents "a complete success" of the fourth test flight of the program, which began in 1992.
		During the flight, the spaceship was tracked and controlled by the Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Centre through its four 'Yuanwang' aerospace survey ships stationed in the atlantic, pacific and indian oceans and its ground control stations, according to the experts.
		All the systems for manned space flights, including an astronaut system and life-support sub-system have been fitted on the spaceship and tested, said the experts.
	www.outlookindia.com /pti_news.asp?id=109724 (684 words)

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