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Unocal Corporation

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1965

December 27

In the News (Wed 15 Feb 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

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Pakistan

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	Unocal Corporation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Unocal was one of the key players in the CentGas consortium, an attempt to build a pipeline to run from the Caspian area, through Afghanistan and probably Pakistan, to the Persian Gulf.
		Unocal is also the third largest member of the recently completed and opened Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline from the Caspian to the Mediterranean Sea.
		Unocal was charged with numerous human rights violations in the construction of the Yadana Pipeline in Myanmar, also known as Burma.
	sugarland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Unocal_Corporation (504 words)

	Unocal Corporation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Unocal Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Chevron Corporation, based in El Segundo, California, was founded in 1890 as the Union Oil Company of California.
		Unocal and Chevron completed their merger on August 10, 2005.
		Unocal was one of the key players in the CentGas consortium, an attempt to build a pipeline to run from the Caspian area, through Afghanistan and probably Pakistan, to the Indian Ocean.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Unocal (586 words)

	Unocal Pulls Out of Aghanistan
		In addition, Unocal has closed its offices in three of the four Caspian region republics in which it operated, making it the first large foreign oil company in the world to retreat from the area.
		When Unocal joined the project in 1995, it was viewed by many analysts as the most audacious gambit of the 1990's oil rush on the Caspian.
		Unocal initially took a positive view of the movement's triumph, but then retreated when world attention focused on the ruling clerics' treatment of women, who are forbidden to work or attend school.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Lobby/6160/news/12-5-98unocal.html (792 words)

	UNOCAL
		In considering Unocal's motion for summary judgment, the federal district court found that Unocal was in fact aware of the forced labor, and also benefited from its practice.
		To this, Unocal argued that any forced labor or other human rights violations that may have occurred were perpetrated by soldiers of the Burmese military, not employees of Unocal, and therefore Unocal should not bear any financial responsibility for the violations.
		Thus, ILRF argued that Unocal was jointly and severally liable for the acts of the military regime as the military security forces were acting as an agent for Unocal.
	lrights.igc.org /projects/corporate/unocal (458 words)

	Challenging Corporate Rule Petition to revoke UNOCAL'S charter
		Unocal knew or should have known and could have reasonably foreseen that its military partner would use forced labor to clear the land for the pipeline route, build related infrastructure in the area, and provide security for the pipeline.
		Unocal knew or should have known and could have reasonably foreseen that its military partner would steal property and food from villagers and would forcibly relocate whole villages without compensation, creating a flood of refugees to Thailand.
		Unocal is liable for these violations by its military and business partner under traditional common-law doctrines of conspiracy and agency, and under international law doctrines of joint participation and individual responsibility for crimes against humanity.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Controlling_Corporations/ChallengeCorpRule_UNOCAL.html (6822 words)

	Unocal v. Mesa Petroleum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Unocal's exchange offer was commenced on April 17, 1985, and Mesa promptly challenged it by filing this suit in the Court of Chancery.
		Specifically, Unocal contends that its board of directors reasonably and in good faith concluded that Mesa's $54 two-tier tender offer was coercive and inadequate, and that Mesa sought selective treatment for itself.
		Furthermore, Unocal argues that the board's approval of the exchange offer was made in good faith, on an informed basis, and in the exercise of due care.
	www.law.unlv.edu /faculty/rlawless/mergers/unocal.htm (4003 words)

	About the Union Oil Company of California (Unocal) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Unocal is one of the largest oil companies in Indonesia, a country ruled for 33-years under General Suharto, "the most brutal dictatorship" in Asia.
		Unocal is one of many U.S. corporations that have operated in Indonesia despite the brutality.
		Unocal said any such partnership would be in the future, adding that it only does business with governments officially recognized by the United States.
	www.colorlines.com /waronyouth/Pages/unocal.html (856 words)

	US Oil Company Unocal Liable for Human Rights Abuses in Burma - Global Policy Forum - Social and Economic Policy
		There are days when Unocal Corp. probably wished it had never heard of the Yadana project - a 254-mile pipeline that transports 525 million cubic feet of natural gas a day from four offshore platforms in the Andaman Sea, across the southern panhandle of Burma, into an energy plant in Thailand.
		Unocal is just one of a handful of human rights cases involving U.S. companies that are wending their way through the courts; however, this is the first case of its kind to face a jury.
		However, the court dismissed the case on grounds that Unocal could not be held liable for the abuses because it didn't have control over the military.
	www.globalpolicy.org /socecon/tncs/2002/10unocal.htm (3509 words)

	EarthRights International - Resource Center: Doe v. Unocal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Unocal and compensate the villagers who sued the firm for complicity in forced labor, rape, and murder.
		Unocal argued to the state court that the federal court’s dismissal barred plaintiffs’ state case because federal and state law are the same.
		In March of 2005, Unocal agreed to compensate the plaintiffs in a historic settlement that ended the lawsuit.
	www.earthrights.org /unocal/index.shtml (890 words)

	Unocal
		What Unocal did not disclose, however, was that the project used the Burmese military to provide security and other services, a military that was notorious for torture, murder, rape, and the pervasive use of forced labor.
		Unocal claims to be committed to the respect for human rights and the environment in all of their activities and the promotion of responsibility for these ideals everywhere.
		Unocal's relationship with the military became public only after it was sued by victims of the pipeline project.
	www.foe.org /WSSD/unocal.html (625 words)

	Free Burma # Unocal Information
		Unocal is developing similar cooperative business concepts as we focus on bringing known resources to the fast-growing Asian energy markets and increasing our resource base in the region.
		Unocal had repeatedly tried to cover up these spills, but was finally caught by the state's Office of Oil Spill Prevention and Response.
		Unocal has recently sold its California oil wells and increased its investments in S.E. Asia and Azberijan where there are no offices of Oil Spill Prevention and Response to catch their toxic messes.
	www.ibiblio.org /freeburma/boycott/oil/unocal.html (1085 words)

	Mother Jones: The Taliban, Unocal and a Pipeline
		Unocal's strategy was straightforward enough: in 1996, the company cobbled together a coalition of six energy companies and the government of Turkmenistan, and went head to head with an Argentinian rival, in a race to win Afghanistan's blessing for a $2 billion gas-pipeline project.
		Unocal has long been criticized for doing business in countries with repressive governments, and the company wasn't afraid to pursue the Taliban.
		In 1997, the Unocal vice president in charge of the pipeline project was quoted as saying that his company had provided "non-cash bonus payments" to members of the regime in return for their cooperation.
	www.webcom.com /hrin/magazine/pipeline.html (817 words)

	UNOCAL
		The CA Attorney General sued Unocal for "unlawful discharge into marine and state waters, failure to report discharges, destruction of natural resources, failure to warn and exposure to known carcinogens, public nuisance, unauthorized disposal of hazardous waste, and labeling violations for ‘recycled’ diluent." On July 22, 1998, Unocal agreed to pay $43.8 million.
		Unocal argues that they are not responsible for the actions of the Burmese government in this matter and that the pipeline will benefit the people by providing them with new jobs and economic growth.
		Unocal gave $50,000 recently to support Proposition 21 in California, which, after its passage in March 2000, will allow fourteen year-olds to be tried and convicted as adults in court.
	www.stanford.edu /group/SICD/Unocal/unocal.html (1470 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Bridas and Unocal still fighting over Turkmenistan-Pakistan pipeline
		Unocal wants the suit dismissed on the grounds that Turkmenistan and Afghanistan -- rather than the United States -- should have jurisdiction over the case.
		Unocal has a 46.5 % stake in the 2 bn cfpd project, along with Saudi Arabia's Delta Oil Co. with 15 %, Pakistan's Crescent Group with 3.5 %, and the Turkmen government with 7 %.
		Unocal says it is waiting for a recognised government to establish control, rather than ally itself now with any of the warring factions.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/company/cnc75005.htm (492 words)

	Unocal - SourceWatch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Unocal is not the only company involved with this project, known as the Yadana Natural Gas Pipeline Project.
		This was challenged and in Febuary of 2003, the decision was to be left to a panel of eleven judges.The Department of Justice entered a brief on behalf on Unocal in opposition to the use of the ATCA for reasons like this.
		Before Unocal was able to make their first bid in the region, Bridas, an Argentinian oil company headed by an ambitious Carlos Bulgheroni struck a deal with the Rabbani government which gave him a thirty year agreement on an 875 mile pipeline.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Unocal_Corporation (2613 words)

	CRG -- Getting used to the idea of double standards: The underlying maxim is "we will punish the crimes of our enemies ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Although UNOCAL claims it abandoned the pipeline project in December 1998, the series of meetings held between U.S., Pakistani, and Taliban officials after 1998, indicates the project was never off the table.
		Karzai's ties with UNOCAL and the Bush administration are the main reason why the CIA pushed him for Afghan leader over rival Abdul Haq, the assassinated former mujaheddin leader from Jalalabad, and the leadership of the Northern Alliance, seen by Langley as being too close to the Russians and Iranians.
		Beginning in late 1997, Unocal was a member of a multinational consortium that was evaluating construction of a Central Asia Gas pipeline between Turkmenistan and Pakistan [via western Afghanistan].
	globalresearch.ca /articles/MAD201A.html (2744 words)

	IT'S ALL ABOUT OIL!
		Unocal, as you know, is one of the world's leading energy resource and project development companies.
		At Unocal, we believe that the central factor in planning these pipelines should be the location of the future energy markets that are most likely to need these new supplies.
		Unocal and other American companies like it are fully prepared to undertake the job and to make Central Asia once again into the crossroads it has been in the past.
	www.whatreallyhappened.com /oil.html (1884 words)

	Earthrights International - Burma Project: Unocal Case (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Unocal et al., seeks to hold Unocal liable for damages in connection with a widespread pattern of human rights abuses by the Burmese army.
		Unocal can no longer deny their complicity in crimes against humanity," said Katie Redford, an attorney for the Doe plaintiffs with EarthRights International.
		Judge Lew's decision to dismiss was based on a determination that although Unocal knew of the crimes committed by its business partner, the Burmese military, it did not exercise control over the militaryfs decision to commit the abuses and did not engage in a conspiracy to commit the crimes.
	www.earthrights.org /unocal/pr091100.shtml (353 words)

	Unocal in Indonesia: oil and gas operations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Unocal drilled the deepest water exploratory well in Indonesia in a water depth of 6,722 feet in the Makassar Strait.
		Unocal started commercial gas operations in Indonesia in 1973 with the completion of the Santan Terminal, which processes gas at the liquids extraction plant.
		Unocal is pursuing other opportunities to supply gas to generate electricity and refinery steam.
	www.unocal.com /globalops/indonsa.htm (1155 words)

	Unocal Can Be Held Liable For Human Rights Crimes in Burma, Says Appeals Court
		Unocal case, 11 Burmese villagers allege that Unocal, a California based oil company, can be held liable for human rights abuses associated with its Yadana gas pipeline project in Burma.
		A September 2000 decision in Federal District Court established that Unocal "knew or should have known that the Burmese military did commit, was committing and would continue to commit" these abuses for the benefit of Unocal's project, but nevertheless found Unocal could not be held liable because it did not control the Burmese military's actions.
		It also found that forced labor such as that employed by the Burmese military on behalf of the Unocal pipeline is the "modern equivalent of slavery." The decision follows a June 2002 decision in related state lawsuit, in which California Superior Judge Victoria Chaney held that plaintiffs' claims may proceed to trial.
	www.minesandcommunities.org /Action/press56.htm (1460 words)

	Unocal unit signs gas sales agreement for new Bangladesh production (Unocal Corporation) - Pressi.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Unocal Bangladesh Blocks 13 and 14, Ltd., is operator and, together with Unocal Bangladesh, Ltd., has a 100-percent working interest in the production sharing contract (PSC) covering the field.
		Unocal, through subsidiaries, is producing approximately 140 mmcf of natural gas per day from the Jalalabad field on block 13 for the Bangladesh domestic market.
		The statements are based upon Unocal's current expectations and beliefs and are subject to a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward looking statements.
	www.pressi.com /int/release/76518.html (794 words)

	Unocal Corporation -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Unocal Corporation, based in (additional info and facts about Los Angeles, California) Los Angeles, California, was founded in 1890 as the Union (A slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water) Oil Company of California.
		Unocal was founded on October 17, 1890, when it was incorporated in (additional info and facts about Santa Paula, California) Santa Paula, California, as the Union Oil Company of California.
		The company was formed by the merger of co-founders Lyman Stewart, (additional info and facts about Thomas Bard) Thomas Bard, and Wallace Hardison's holdings.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/u/un/unocal_corporation.htm (230 words)

	Administrative Law Judge Dismisses Complaint Against Unocal for Alleged Anticompetive Practices Related to Carb Gasoline
		In issuing his decision, the ALJ stated that Unocal’s conduct constituted “petitioning” of a governmental authority and was therefore entitled to antitrust immunity under the Noerr-Pennington doctrine.
		According to the complaint, Unocal’s alleged misrepresentations harmed competition and led directly to the acquisition of monopoly power for the technology to produce and supply California “summer-time” RFG, which is mandated from (approximately) March through October.
		In the absence of Unocal’s alleged fraud, the FTC staff’s complaint contended, either CARB would not have adopted RFG regulations that substantially overlapped with Unocal’s patent claims, the terms on which Unocal was later able to enforce its proprietary interests would have been substantially different, or both.
	www.ftc.gov /opa/2003/11/unionoil.htm (751 words)

	t r u t h o u t - ISSUES - Zalmay Khalilzad and the Bush Agenda
		Legal action was brought against Unocal in 1997 by Burmese refugees for human rights abuses which the refugees claimed were committed by the Burmese military hired by Unocal to protect their operations.
		Petitioners claimed that Unocal committed hundreds of violations of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, treated U.S. workers unethically and unfairly, engaged in a pattern of illegal deceptions of the courts, stockholders and the public, and "usurped political power," undermining U.S. foreign policy.
		According to L.A. Weekly, Unocal also gave nearly a million dollars to the University of Nebraska's Center for Afghan Studies, which Unocal stated was not used to "provide pipeline constructions skills training." Unocal said the money was used to provide "basic job skills training and education" for Afghans and elementary schooling for their children.
	www.truthout.org /docs_01/01.14A.Zalmay.Oil.htm (1751 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Afghanistan, Pakistan and Turkmenistan sign gas pipeline study memo
		Its last public statement on the matter was issued on September 14, 2001; that statement addressed charges that Unocal had worked too closely with the Taliban militia, Afghanistan's former leaders, and reiterated that the company was no longer involved in the pipeline plans.
		In the 1990s, Unocal of the United States and Bridas of Argentina both made attempts to form consortia to build a Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan gas pipeline.
		Unocal finally backed out of CentGas, the consortium set up to build the pipeline, in late 1998 after international financial institutions made clear that they would not help cover the cost of the project as long as Afghanistan was racked by armed conflict.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/news/nts22628.htm (859 words)

	BBC News \| BUSINESS \| Afghanistan plans gas pipeline
		Mr Razim said US energy company Unocal was the "lead company" among those that would build the pipeline, which would bring 30bn cubic meters of Turkmen gas to market annually.
		Unocal - which led a consortium of companies from Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Japan and South Korea - has maintained the project is both economically and technically feasible once Afghan stability was secured.
		"Unocal is not involved in any projects (including pipelines) in Afghanistan, nor do we have any plans to become involved, nor are we discussing any such projects," a spokesman told BBC News Online.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/business/1984459.stm (445 words)

	FindLaw's Writ - Sebok: Unocal Announces It Will Settle A Human Rights Suit
		Last month, Unocal announced that it had agreed, in principle, to settle a long-standing suit that had been brought against it by human rights groups on account of its efforts to build a pipeline in Myanmar.
		In September, the trial judge in that case rejected Unocal's last effort to dismiss the case, and cleared the way for a jury to be empanelled.
		Indeed, many commentators have argued that the risks to Unocal of bad publicity arising from the testimony of the villagers were so high that a settlement made better sense from an economic point of view.
	writ.news.findlaw.com /sebok/20050110.html (2204 words)

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