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Schwa

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	Schwa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Schwa is the most common vowel sound in English, the unstressed vowel in many unstressed syllables, like the 'a' in about or the 'o' in synonym.
		It is a very short neutral vowel sound, and like all vowels, its precise quality varies depending on the adjacent consonants.
		In the Dutch language, the vowel of the suffix -lijk, as in waarschijnlijk ( probably) is pronounced as a schwa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mid_central_vowel (631 words)

	Schwa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In linguistics and phonology, schwa is the neutral, mid central unrounded vowel sound, exactly in the middle of the International Phonetic Alphabet vowel chart.
		The word "schwa" (pronounced "sh{{1}}wa", later "sh{{1}}va") originally referred to one of the niqqud vowel points used with the Hebrew alphabet, which looks like a vertical pair of dots under a letter.
		The schwa symbol is used in Azeri as a letter, representing a front a vowel.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Schwa (850 words)

	Merriam-Webster Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Unstressed \and\ often intrudes between a stressed vowel and a following \l\ or \r\ though it is not represented in the spelling, as in eel \'E(and)l\ and sour \'sau(-and)r\.
		This vowel, as in French patte "paw" and chat "cat," is intermediate between \a\ and \ä\ and is similar in quality to the \[a']\ heard in eastern New England.
		In some contexts, as when a stressed or unstressed vowel precedes and an unstressed vowel or \andl\ follows, the sound represented by t or tt is pronounced in most American speech as a voiced flap produced by the tongue tip tapping the teethridge.
	www.m-w.com /mw/help/pronguide.htm (3910 words)

	Search Results for "unstressed vowel"
		...The unstressed vowel of the third syllable of this word is spelled i, not a.
		A mid-central neutral vowel, typically occurring in unstressed syllables, as the final vowel of English sofa.
		Omission of an unstressed vowel or syllable, as in scanning a verse.
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch/+WwwFq31D5BGn55nmaVdincxzmwwwwmFqMqdc2nhnGnDqnnFqMqdc2nhnGnDqn (349 words)

	German Vowels
		Vowels followed by a single consonant or at the end of the word are mostly long if and only if they are stressed, also with quite some exceptions.
		For the vowel length in a prefix or first component of a compound word not carrying the primary stress, it makes a difference whether it is regarded as an unstressed prefix or as a first component with secondary stress.
		The two vowels serve as a surrogate for an umlaut, that is, for <ä>, for <ö>, or for <ü>.
	www.lrz-muenchen.de /~hr/lang/dt-vowels.html (4117 words)

	Unstressed vowels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A common mistake is to transcribe full vowels for English unstressed syllables.
		For a narrow transcription of a particular utterance, you would record the unstressed vowel as accurately as possible.
		Note: On some occasions, the two vowels of enough can be pronounced extremely similarly, especially when the word is being pronounced with unnatural slowness or carefulness or with more emphasis on the first syllable than it gets in normal speech.
	www.umanitoba.ca /faculties/arts/linguistics/russell/138/sec1/trans2.htm (932 words)

	The Arbdot spelling system
		Vowels with a circumflex may be either stressed or unstressed (but are usually stressed).
		In Arbdot, a stressed short vowel is indicated by a dieresis, a stressed long vowel by an acute accent, and an unstressed long vowel by a grave accent.
		The vowel of in RP is represented as a long e, even though technically it is a diphthong rather than a pure sound.
	www.wyrdplay.org /AlanBeale/Arbdot-ref.html (2536 words)

	PHONETICS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		When two weak vowels are together, it is typically the second vowel that is stressed, like the verb fuimos where the i is stressed in the first of the two syllables.
		These words consist of two syllables; with ciudad ending in the consonant d, the last syllable is stressed, thus leaving both weak vowels unstressed, and the o on the end of cuidado shifts the stress to the second syllable, - da-, again leaving the syllable with two weak vowels unstressed.
		If in a vowel combination such as weak + strong or strong + weak the weak vowel is stressed, the potential diphthong is broken, and each vowel constitutes a separate syllable, as in the word país ( pa-ís).
	www.virginia.edu /cla/AVDFproj/ADVFproj/varnerPHONETICS.htm (1877 words)

	Schwa in Phonological Theory
		Schwa is the unmarked vowel and Alderete assumes that there is a constraint which requires all vowels in the word to be unmarked (I will call this constraint TurnSchwa for the sake of simplicity, but it can of course be seen as an instance of the general constraint *Structure).
		A projection constraint relating the quality of the vowel to the rhyme structure of the syllable in which that vowel occurs is therefore to be preferred.
		The static evidence for this is that the vowel does not occur as the first segment of a word ([@Gal]), and that it does not occur immediately after a vowel* (*[hi@t]).
	www.vanoostendorp.nl /fonologie/schwaip.htm (6146 words)

	Effects on amplitude
		The amplitude is related to the vowel group; the peak-to-peak amplitude for the types of / a / is significantly smaller than for the / e /,/ i / and / u / groups.
		As follows from Fig.30 the rise slopes of the EGG pulses for stressed vowels are steeper than those of the unstressed ones.
		As shown in Fig.31, and as confirmed by statistical analysis, the effects are significant in all vowels except /a/.
	www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de /phonetik/EGG/pagel11.htm (1511 words)

	Serakus - Languages - Mekhael - Mekhael to Malknarh Sound Changes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		However, vowels behave as though they were in hiatus when seperated by a 'weakened' consonant, that is, a consonant that isn't being pronounced with its full strength.
		If one of the vowels is stressed and have a different degree of roundedness, the unstressed vowel may (at least allophonically) match the rounding of the stress vowel.
		Unstressed vowels in the second or penultimate syllables are especially prone to dropping.
	www.thegreatsleep.com /serakus/language/mekhael/malknarhsc.html (1685 words)

	SLIPS OF THE EAR
		Misperceptions of unstressed vowels are more common than misperceptions of stressed vowels, suggesting that the status of unstressed vowels in speech is relatively fluid.
		When unstressed vowels are added or lost, the shape of the target word changes, because adding or omitting unstressed vowels necessarily changes the number of syllables.
		The status of unstressed vowels is much more fluid in that they are readily lost or added and, particularly in function words, changed to make the word fit grammatical requirements.
	oak.cats.ohiou.edu /~bond/Slips.htm (6278 words)

	Hi Paul
		Schwa is the most common vowel sound in English, the unstressed vowel in many unstressed syllables, like the 'a' in about.
		Where precision is lacking in the pronunciation of short unstressed vowels, the representation should be generalized.
		The vowels in unstressed syllables often are diminished to a common extremely short mid lax vowel.
	www.foolswisdom.com /~sbett/shwa.htm (2816 words)

	Contemporary Liotan Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The unstressed nominative and genitive, and the stressed nominative, are shown below; the vowels in the last four columns are the vowels of the prepositional pronouns (see below).
		Kadhrein vowels were affected by two processes: simplification of diphthongs, and vowel affections or umlauts; as a result, the vowels were often much changed from the cognate words in the other languages.
		The seventh vowel /ø/ came into the language as a result of the principle of vowel harmony, whereby all vowels in a non-compound word were either front /e ø y/ or back /a o u/; /i/ was regarded as neutral and could occur with any other vowels.
	www.cix.co.uk /~morven/lang/l_others.html (6351 words)

	Amittai F. Aviram : Meter in English Verse
		Because of this gradation between vowels and consonants in practice, there are many cases where some apparent vowels may be treated as consonants or consonants as vowels to alter the normal number and structure of syllables in words containing those sounds.
		This fudge-factor effect is known as "elision" — the disappearing syllable is "elided" — and one of the commonest instances of it is in the vowel of the before the unstressed initial vowel of the noun modified by the article.
		Another instance of elision, fairly common in Donne, is the treatment of a final unstressed y (as in the suffix -ly) as the beginning of a glide into the unstressed vowel of the next word, so that both vowels together form one syllable.
	www.amittai.com /prose/meter.php (10747 words)

	Turkish spelling. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The vowel ı may also be pronounced by foreign speakers as a sound between an i / ɩ/ and an Ü /y/ (thus becoming a front vowel) as in the following examples: pahalı /pahalə/ (expensive) becomes /pahalı/ or /pahaly/.
		A vowel is placed between the two consonants which exist at the end of some words borrowed from Arabic or Persian (e.g.
		The vowel harmony of the language serves to provide a melodious effect, agglutination enhances the creation of new words and the orthography enables learners and users of the language to spell any Turkish word known or unknown correctly.
	www.spellingsociety.org /journals/j18/turkish.php (3819 words)

	Guide to Pronunciation
		This neutral vowel, called schwa, may be represented orthographically by any of the letters a, e, i, o, u, y, and by many combinations of letters.
		In the pronunciation of some French or French-derived words \and\ is placed immediately after \l\, \m\, \r\ to indicate one nonsyllabic pronunciation of these consonants, as in the French words tab le "table," pris me "prism," and tit re "title," each of which in isolation and in some contexts is a one-syllable word.
		This vowel is often anglicized as the \andr\ of bird by those who do not "drop their r's" or as the corresponding vowel of bird used by those who do (see the section on \ r \).
	www-ccs.cs.umass.edu /mw/Mwed00000005.html (3951 words)

	Valles Declension (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Note that in many cases, an acute accent the occurs in the singular is dropped in the plural.
		The heading "unstressed vowel" might actually be vowel in short syllable, with the other unstressed vowels falling under "stressed vowel".
		The unstressed objects might have different forms depending on whether they precede a consonant, a vowel, or follow the verb.
	home.earthlink.net /~jeffsjones/conlang/GenRom/Declen.htm (860 words)

	The WMM Spelling System
		Long vowels are written in one of two ways, with an acute accent (á, é, í, ó, ú) or as a digraph (ai, ee, ie, oa, ue).
		The accented character is used when the vowel is unstressed, at the end of a word (or a component of a compound word), and before another vowel.
		The vowels â, ô and û are used as in drâma, ôful and pûsh.
	www.wyrdplay.org /AlanBeale/WMM-ref.html (3893 words)

	color-code for pronunciation spelling
		Unstressed vowels similar to the a in ago, e in the, i in unit, o in tenor, u in undone - [blue]
		This color coding system is a variation on a common teaching approach where the long vowels are marked by a macron, the short vowels with a breve, and the silent letters with a slash.
		unstressed] Notice that fl letters are always followed by a consonant, they are never found at the end of a word or syllable.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/vangogh/555/Spell/color-code.html (2204 words)

	Weak Vowels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The weak vowels are confined to weak, unstressed, syllables.
		All the short and long vowels introduced already are all strong vowels and all occur in strong, stressed, syllables.
		These three weak vowels resemble the three finishing points of the three kinds of English diphthong; they are pronounced with the tongue in either a front close position, a back close position, or a central position.
	www.cf.ac.uk /encap/staff/tench/weakvowels.html (665 words)

	The Clayton's Vowel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Such vowels can't be heard as a, e, i, o or u, but they just makes a bit of a noise - for example, the sound represented by 'i' in 'valid', or by 'o' in 'carrot'.
		A Clayton's vowel with the short sound 'u' occurs at the beginning and end of the word banarna (banana), and also in jernalist (journalist), marjareen (margarine), cwota (quota) and tantalize (tantalise).
		The ending '-er' often sounds like an unstressed '-a' - for example, the sound at the end of 'butter' is like the sound at the end of 'cwota' (quota), or 'trorma' (trauma).
	www.e-speec.com /claytons.htm (223 words)

	The Mavens' Word of the Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The sound is that slight "uh" that so often serves as the vowel in an unstressed syllable.
		The word schwa itself comes from the Hebrew shewa, the name for a diacritical mark representing either the absence of a vowel or a neutral, unstressed vowel in that language.
		You can see--and hear--the schwa in its proper place in relation to other English vowels in a nicely done, conventionalized representation of where the different vowels are formed in the mouth in a vowel chart at the Web site of the Linguistics Department of the University of Texas.
	www.randomhouse.com /wotd/index.pperl?date=20010406 (541 words)

	Serakus - Languages - Rosakĕt Grammar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		If the root begins with a vowel, this vowel will always become "i" when the Literary Past prefix is added, and diphthongizes with that vowel according to regular spelling rules.
		For the nouns whose nominative singular form ends in /r/, the epenthetic vowel found before the nominative singular /r/ is reinserted after the /r/ in the plural form.
		If the vowel before the t is a diphthong, the /i/ is added after the diphthong in the plural form, as can be seen in the change esseit "book" to esseiit.
	www.thegreatsleep.com /serakus/language/rosaket/grammar.html (7697 words)

	Spanish pronunciation. A course for speaking better Spanish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Spanish words link between the last vowel of one word with the first vowel of the next when both vowels are different from each other.
		When the last vowel sound of a word is the same as the first sound of the next word, the two vowels run together as in the examples mentioned above.
		Note that vowel reduction between similar vowels may occur on all occasions to a greater or lesser degree and that the tendency to reduce vowels will differ from one accent to another.
	www.englishspanishlink.com /spanishpronunciation_test.htm (1010 words)

	Search Results for "unstressed vowel"
		It is because of a growing slovenliness in uttering the unstressed vowels that the British poet-laureate, Robert Bridges, is inclined...
		...is, the sound represented by the schwa varies, depending on the quality of the particular vowel that is unstressed and often on the sounds surrounding it.
		Drop the final silent e in the common words are, gone and were: ar, gon, wer.
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch/+kwwFq31D5BGn55nmaVdincxzm1wwwmFqMqdc2nhnGnDqnnFqMqdc2nhnGnDqn (300 words)

	48 sax
		K simplified this by using caps for the short vowels and lower case for the long vowels, this took care of 10 of the 14 pure vowels.
		In Spanglish, the vowel letter can have three different sounds depending on its location in a one or multi-syllable word and its position before a consonant or at the end of a syllable.
		Schwi is an unstressed ambiguous or indeterminate allophone of /I/ or /i:/.
	www.foolswisdom.com /~sbett/sax-fonograms.html (2493 words)

	elision -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Elision is used to fit words into a metrical scheme, to smooth the rhythm of a poem, or to ease the pronunciation of words.
		The two vowels may be either within one word, as in the...
		(Latin for striking out), in prosody, the slurring or omission of a final unstressed vowel that precedes either another vowel or a weak consonant sound, as in “heav'n”; may also be the dropping of a...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9032405 (387 words)

	O's In COLOMBIA \| Antimoon Forum
		The upside-down v sound in the IPA is extremely close to the central unstressed vowel (schwa).
		In theory, the v sound is a stressed vowel, and the schwa is unstressed, but to me this seems more like academic nitpicking than anything consistently supported by real-world phonology.
		In any case, there are no minimal pairs in English that contrast the v sound with the schwa, so you need not learn to make the distinction, and you don't have to recognize it when you hear it (many native speakers certainly don't).
	www.antimoon.com /forum/posts/5454.htm (1191 words)

	ORLAPUBS P. L80: PRONOUNCING FOREIGN WORDS IN ENGLISH
		Generally, a vowel has the reflex of the long vowel of Middle English before a consonant plus unstressed "i" and another vowel, as in tedious and menial.
		Examples of the reflex of the old long vowel are heard before another vowel, as in viaduct, via, pariah, prior, pious and piety (contrast pity), and in satiety.
		This is the result of the same vowel-shift that changed hus to house and the vowel in ride from and "ee" sound to the vowels found in different kinds of English today.
	www.orlapubs.com /AL/L80.html (1250 words)

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