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Topic: Unvoiced

	T - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about T (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In physics, symbol for tesla, the SI unit of magnetic flux density, equal to a flux density of one weber of flux per square metre.
		It was the 19th letter of the Greek and Latin alphabets, and the 22nd and last letter of the North Semitic alphabet, as it is in modern Hebrew.
		In English spelling it is also used in the diagraph th, for voiced and unvoiced dental fricatives.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /T (176 words)

	Method and apparatus for judging voiced and unvoiced conditions of speech signal - Patent 4074069 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In a prior art voiced/unvoiced detector the voiced and unvoiced conditions of a speech signal are determined dependent upon whether the peak value.phi.m =.phi.(T) of the autocorrelation coefficient.phi.(T) of a speech signal exceeds a certain threshold value or not wherein the delay time.tau.
		Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide an improved method of judging the voiced and unvoiced conditions of a speech signal, which is capable of judging at high accuracies the voiced and unvoiced conditions of a speech signal and is useful for a speech analysis system.
		Although, in the foregoing embodiments,.phi.(.tau.s)/.phi.(o) was used as one of the parameter for detecting voiced and unvoiced conditions, it is not necessary to exactly match the delay time.tau.s with the sampling period.tau.(s), and a small variation in.tau.s does not affect the operation of this invention.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4074069.html (4328 words)

	Voiced and Unvoiced Speech Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Speech is composed of phonemes, which are produced by the vocal cords and the vocal tract (which includes the mouth and the lips).
		Unvoiced signals, by contrast, do not entail the use of the vocal cords.
		Unvoiced signals, on the other hand, tend to be more abrupt like the stop consonants /p/, /t/, /k/.
	www.ee.ucla.edu /~dsplab/vus/over.html (380 words)

	Phonetic Transcription Workshop
		The unvoiced labiodental fricative is the initial consonant of fear.
		The voiced alveolar fricative is the initial consonant of zoo; the unvoiced alveolar fricative is the initial consonant of sue.
		The unvoiced postalveolar fricative is the initial sound of the second syllable of motion.
	www.uta.edu /english/tim/courses/4301f98/2sept.html (1750 words)

	Voiced or unvoiced - Patent Storm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A low-bit-rate coding technique for unvoiced segments of speech includes the steps of extracting high-time-resolution energy coefficients from a frame of speech, quantizing the energy coefficients, generating a high-time-resolution energy envelope from the quantized energy coefficients, and...
		A method and apparatus for encoding speech for communication to a decoder for reproduction of the speech where the speech signal is classified into steady state voiced (harmonic), stationary unvoiced, and "transitory" or "transition" speech, and a particular type of coding scheme is used for each...
		A voicing probability determination method is provided for estimating a percentage of unvoiced and voiced energy for each harmonic within each of a plurality of bands of a speech signal spectrum.
	www.patentstorm.us /class/704/208-Voiced_or_unvoiced.html (3735 words)

	[No title]
		As mentioned above, unvoiced stops differ from voiced stops in that they have an unvoiced excitation phase consisting of a noise burst (due to the turbulent release of air past the constriction) and a brief period of aspiration(a sort of whispering sound).
		In unvoiced fricatives, the vocal tract is excited by a steady flow of air which becomes turbulent (noisy) in a constricted region of the vocal tract.
		Voiced fricatives are similar to the unvoiced ones, except that the vocal chords vibrate, causing a period pulsing of the air passing through the turbulence inducing constriction.
	www.cim.mcgill.ca /~clark/nordmodularbook/nm_speech.html (4364 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although some typical voiced and unvoiced segments exist, most of them should be considered as combination of both voiced and unvoiced.
		The pulse train and the conjunction between unvoiced and voiced sections can be considered as some kinds of singularity in the time domain, so the coefficients can be localized by the wavelet decomposition.
		For some typical unvoiced segments, it is true that all the coefficients can be under the threshold and a pure white noise used as excitation.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~elec532/PROJECTS00/vocode/wavelet.html (1168 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Voiced and Unvoiced Speech Voiced speech is produced by an air flow of pulses caused by the vibration of the vocal cords.
		On the other hand, unvoiced speech, which is produced by turbulent air flow resulting from constrictions in the vocal tract, is characterized by a random aperiodic waveform with low energy and low correlation.
		With white noise, however, the difference between the structures of embedded unvoiced speech and background is not clear, therefore, as in the case of voiced/unvoiced classification, a 10th order moving average filter was used to pre-process the speech before applying the embedded technique.
	astro.temple.edu /~uche1/PRPOSAL/PROPOSAL_v4.doc (7317 words)

	FS1R - Download - Yamahasynth.com
		Those occurring in the pitched sound are called "voiced formants," and those occurring in the noise component are called "unvoiced formants." To summarise, realistic sound must contain both pitch and noise components, and movable formants and fixed formants must be considered for both of these components.
		In a sense, the Unvoiced tone generator is a type of noise generator, but it is not as simplistic as the noise generator found on an analog synthesiser.
		FSEQ tracks 1-8 contain pairs of data for the correspondingly-numbered voiced and unvoiced formants, and data from each track is sent to the Voiced and Unvoiced operators of the same number.
	www.yamahasynth.com /download/fs1r/s_guide.htm (3830 words)

	pda Pitch Detection Algorithm
		unvoiced to voiced coeff threshold set the correlation coefficient threshold which must be exceeded in a transition from an unvoiced classified frame of speech to a voiced frame as the unvoiced to voiced coeff threshold.
		voiced to unvoiced coeff threshold-ratio set the scaling factor used in determining the correlation coefficient threshold which must not be exceeded in a voiced frame to unvoiced frame transition, as
		The voiced to unvoiced coefficient threshold is determined by multiplying this scaling factor with the maximum cross-correlation coefficient of the previously voiced frame.
	www.festvox.org /docs/speech_tools-1.2.0/x2152.htm (753 words)

	Lojban Reference Grammar: Chapter 3
		In all cases except ``r'' the first IPA symbol shown represents the preferred pronunciation; for ``r'', all of the variations (and any other rhotic sound) are equally acceptable.
		As a permitted variant, any unvoiced fricative other than those already used in Lojban may be used to render the apostrophe: IPA [T] is one possibility.
		Note that if both consonants of an initial pair are voiced, the unvoiced equivalent is also permissible, and the voiced pair can be pronounced simply by voicing the unvoiced pair.
	www.lojban.org /files/reference-grammar/chap3.html (6284 words)

	Sinusoidal Modeling and Modification of Unvoiced Speech - Macon, Clements (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Abstract: Although sinusoidal models have been shown to be useful for time-scale and pitch modification of voiced speech, objectionable artifacts often arise when such models are applied to unvoiced speech.
		This correspondence presents a sinusoidal model-based speech modification algorithm that preserves the natural character of unvoiced speech sounds after pitch and time-scale modification, eliminating commonly-encountered artifacts.
		Macon and M. Clements, "Sinusoidal modeling and modification of unvoiced speech," accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 1997.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /240749.html (520 words)

	Welsh Mutations
		Unvoiced letters are "whispered"--that is, the vocal chords are not humming when the letter is said.
		Unvoiced short stop mutates to unvoiced partial stop (the letter changes to the letter immediately below): P-->PH, T-->TH, C-->CH Note that the corresponding mutation of a voiced short stop is considered a soft mutation.
		Unvoiced mutates to voiced for Soft Mutation (the lefthand letter changes to the righthand letter): LL-->L, RH-->R. This group involves two changes to the initial letter: from unvoiced to voiced, and from fricative (partial stop) to liquid.
	www.wku.edu /~rob.harbison/mut.html (864 words)

	Detecting Voiced/Unvoiced Segments
		There are several methods available to give an indication of where the voiced and unvoiced sections occur; the simplest way would be to use the mismatch error from the pitch-detection algorithm.
		Another, more formal approach to detecting voiced and unvoiced segments would be to detect the degree of harmonicity in the signal.
		This is easily quantifiable once the frequencies and amplitudes of each partial have been determined, as is the case after spectrally representing the input waveform.
	www.music.mcgill.ca /~wes/thesis/thesis/html/node22.html (315 words)

	Peter Huebner Institute of Academic Harmony - mechanics of the combination of the tone and the unvoiced consonant and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Integrated mechanics of the combination of the tone and the unvoiced consonant and the idea at the transition from the field of knowledge of the musical tone-space to the field of knowledge of our hearing
		Integrated mechanics of the combination of the tone and the unvoiced consonant and the idea at the transition from the field of knowledge of our hearing to the field of knowledge of the musical motif-space
		Integrated mechanics of the combination of the tone and the unvoiced consonant and the idea at the transition from the field of knowledge of the musical motif-space to the field of knowledge of our understanding
	www.academicharmony.com /11%20HarmonyPhilosophy/1104%20Art/731_Musicevolution/akdm_Semi_7311100.htm (489 words)

	Analysis/Synthesis
		Whispered speech is generated by setting the vocoder as if all speech were unvoiced (input to the synthesis filter is only "hiss-type energy").
		Below, a plot of voiced speech (top) is compared to a plot of unvoiced speech (bottom) in the time domain.
		Here, both voiced and unvoiced sounds are produced, but the voiced sounds are held at a constant pitch, yielding a monotone effect.
	ptolemy.eecs.berkeley.edu /~eal/audio/vocoder.html (798 words)

	Appendix: Changeless Speech
		'PH' represents an unvoiced bilabial continuant, such as would be produced by trying to pronounce 'f' as in 'fat' while blowing a fly off the end of ones nose.
		Due to the use of the 'TSH' glyph to represent the sound of 'C' before a front vowel in personal names of Latin origin, it is transliterated back to 'C' in such names in the Nikonorian manuscripts.
		The unvoiced affricative compound is the only one of these worthy of note.
	members.aol.com /booksnikon/apndxcon.htm (943 words)

	Unvoiced definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		"Unvoiced" definintion in "The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48"
		"unvoiced" definintion in "Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0"
		35 Moby Thesaurus words for "unvoiced": echoless, hush as death, hushed, inaudible, mousy, noiseless, quiescent, quiet, silent, soundless, still, still as death, stilly, subaudible, tacit, unarticulated, undeclared, unexpressed, unhearable, unmentioned, unproclaimed, unpronounced, unpublished, unrecorded, unsaid, unsounded, unspoken, unsung, untalked-of, untold, unuttered, unvocalized, unwritten, whist, wordless
	www.thedict.com /definition/Unvoiced (91 words)

	Phonology: Consonants
		Present-Day English has several consonant pairs that are articulated alike except that one is voiced and the other is unvoiced.
		Some examples are the phoneme spelled b in bat (voiced) and the phoneme spelled p in pat (unvoiced); the phoneme spelled d in dab (voiced) and the phoneme spelled t in tab (unvoiced); the phoneme spelled th in this (voiced) and the phoneme spelled th in thistle (unvoiced).
		Consonants may also be classified according to the manner of articulation and the point of articulation: that is, how and where the flow of air is stopped or impeded when the consonant is articulated.
	alpha.furman.edu /~wrogers/phonemes/phono/phcons.htm (178 words)

	DiplomaThesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Regions containing three or less voiced frames are not taken into consideration, despite their frames are counted as voiced.
		Isolated voiced frames as well as frames belonging to a voiced region are counted.
		Establishing the minimum frequency of periodicity as 50 Hz, the value for this parameter is 20 ms; intervals longer than that will be considered unvoiced.
	www-gth.die.upm.es /partners/sony/Features.html (611 words)

	LINGUIST List 9.681: Voiced/Unvoiced,Nouns (Fem),Syntax,Adpositions
		Explanations as to the difference between voiced and unvoiced sounds are often proffered in both training courses and the literature on the basis of "you can tell by feeling your larynx - there's vibration in the case of "voiced" and none in the case of "unvoiced".
		Anderson in his book "Cognitive Psychology and its Implications" (p58) talks of "Categorical Perception" and the fact that the difference between "voiced" and "unvoiced" categories is a 60 ms (microsecond) lag between release and voicing.
		He says that what we are perceiving when distinguishing between "voiced" and "unvoiced" sounds is this time lag.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/9/9-681.html (856 words)

	U.S. Pregrant 20020198705 - Detecting voiced and unvoiced speech using both acoustic and nonacoustic sensors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Systems and methods are provided for detecting voiced and unvoiced speech in acoustic signals having varying levels of background noise.
		The difference parameters are representative of the relative difference in signal gain between portions of the received acoustic signals.
		The systems identify information of the acoustic signals as unvoiced speech when the difference parameters exceed a first threshold, and identify information of the acoustic signals as voiced speech when the difference parameters exceed a second threshold.
	cxp.paterra.com /uspregrant20020198705.html (212 words)

	Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A corpus, assembled earlier of spoken ''Timit'' words, phrases, and sentences and recorded using simultaneously measured acoustic and EM-sensor glottal signals, from 16 male speakers, was used for this study.
		By inspecting the onset (or end) of unvoiced speech, using the acoustic signal, and the onset (or end) of voiced speech using the EM sensor signal, the average duration times for unvoiced segments preceding onset of vocalization were found to be 300ms, and for following segments, 500ms.
		An unvoiced speech period is then defined in time, first by using the onset of the EM-sensed glottal signal, as the onset-time marker for the voiced speech segment and end marker for the unvoiced segment.
	www.osti.gov /bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=15006006 (386 words)

	2pSC28. Palato-lingual contact patterns during voiced and unvoiced consonant production. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The timing of the initiation and cessation of vocal fold vibrations characterizes the voiced and unvoiced stops.
		The results of perceptual experiments, however, have revealed that other cues, such as the duration of preceding vowels, the patterns of the formant transitions in the following vowels, and the period of stop closures, may play important roles in differentiating these cognates.
		Therefore, the present study is to further investigate the role of the tongue articulatory movements during voiced and unvoiced consonant production in Japanese.
	www.auditory.org /asamtgs/asa96haw/2pSC/2pSC28.html (243 words)

	Patients' unvoiced agendas in general practice consultations: qualitative study -- Barry et al. 320 (7244): 1246 -- BMJ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Many of the unvoiced agenda items in our study that caused problem outcomes were related to treatment: not revealing that
		Victoria, Charlotte's mother, had several problem outcomes related to her five unvoiced agenda items (see box 2).
		Some of the poor outcomes in our study were associated with unvoiced agenda items.
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/320/7244/1246 (4256 words)

	Peter Huebner Institute of Academic Harmony - The physics of the unvoiced consonant in the musical fields of knowledge ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The physics of the unvoiced consonant in the musical fields of knowledge
		The physics of the unvoiced consonant at the transition from the force-field
		The physics of the unvoiced consonant at the transition from the field
	www.academicharmony.com /11%20HarmonyPhilosophy/1102%20Musicology%202/712Sound%20Analysis/akdm_Semi_7121100.htm (375 words)

	ESLweb
		Voiced past tense -ed: When the final sound of the verb is voiced, the past tense suffix is voiced as in booed, seemed, cried, and stirred.
		Unvoiced past tense -ed: When the final sound of the verb is unvoiced, the past tense suffix is unvoiced as in waxed, faked, worked, and mopped.
		Unvoiced plural /s/: When the final sound in the noun is unvoiced, the plural suffix is unvoiced as in cakes, plants, and cats.
	www.eslweb.net /topics/english.shtml (226 words)

	Laterals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		And there is an UNVOICED l in "clip" - to say it, you UNVOICE (or whisper) the l - sound.
		This is the sound of l when it follows the sounds p or k just before a vowel in a stressed syllable.
		LIGHT l and UNVOICED l are pretty much the same in both languages, and cause no trouble to Icelanders, - Icelandic uses a light l in front of vowels, and has an unvoiced l in the same place as English.
	www.hi.is /~peturk/KENNSLA/02/TOP/laterals.html (464 words)

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