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 | | Schroeder feels that the “most significant feature of upaya is that liberation does not stem from a metaphysical vision of humanity or a ‘mystical’ union with truth” (4-5). |
 | | “Upaya was developed to counter this approach,” Schroeder writes, “and thinkers like Nagarjuna, Lin-chi, and Dogen, and texts such as the Lotus Sutra and Vimalakirtinirdesa use the doctrine of upaya to attack those Buddhists who try to establish fixed metapractical criteria” (Schroeder 150). |
 | | In this regard, the Mahayanists argue from the perspective of upaya, saying that there is no fixed methodology or doctrine to argue about, and that any attempt to institute a monolithic form of praxis not only violates the teachings of the Buddha, but destroys the ability to respond compassionately. |
| individual.utoronto.ca /jlindstrom/coursework/upaya_essay_2002_05_08.doc (6985 words) |
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