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Topic: Updraft

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	Updraft - StormWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		If this updraft is being fed from underneath by inflow air it may grow into a thunderstorm.
		Stormchasers are interested in strong updrafts, which can rise all the way to the stratosphere where it meets warmer air.
		Updraft can continue as long as its "food source", the inflow of warm moist air, continues.
	stormwiki.unk.edu:16080 /index.php/Updraft (189 words)

	Reducing the intensity of typhoons in China
		Usually the moisture in the updraft of a tornadic region is acidic (pH < 7) because of the carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere, and therefore the liquid wall of the bubbles in the graupel carries a background of positive charge because of the abundance of hydronium ions.
		is the mobility of the hydronium ion in the updraft.
		Updraft intensity is proposed suppressed by seeding the updraft of the typhoon with a basic solution of NaOH, the objective being to neutralize the typical acidic pH of the moisture in the updraft.
	www.angelfire.com /super/cavityqed/dalian_files/dalian.html (3733 words)

	Updraft/Downdrafts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In the isolated case the split is manifested first as an elongation of the updraft, followed by the emergence of downdraft at low levels by 50 minutes.
		The frontal convective downdraft reaches the surface to the west and northwest of the updraft.
		This updraft is anticyclonic, and grows while propagating westward (rather than northwest in the isolated case; all directions relative to the original parent cells) under the influence of low-level northerly winds behind the front.
	redrock.ncsa.uiuc.edu /~jewett/Sqln/wminmax.html (434 words)

	YOJOE.COM \| Updraft
		Updraft was released as part of the ninth series (1990), packaged exclusively with the Retaliator hi-tech attack copter.
		Updraft came with a dark gray handgun and a gray helmet.
		Updraft's body mold is entirely original and not made up from previous molds.
	www.yojoe.com /action/90/updraft.shtml (69 words)

	SKYWARN Storm Spotter Guides Online
		The rotating updraft of a supercell is called a mesocyclone, and helps the supercell to produce extreme severe weather events, such as giant hail (more than 2 inches in diameter), strong downbursts of 80 mph or more, and strong to violent tornadoes.
		Updraft rotation results in the gustfront wave, with warm surface air supplying a continual feed of moisture to the storm.
		Whichever is the case, the rotating updraft is on the leading storm flank, with heavy precipitation falling into the west and southwest flanks of the mesocyclone.
	spotterguides.us /advanced/advanced05.htm (3394 words)

	NWS Norman, Oklahoma - Weather Glossary for Storm Spotters
		Cloud motion in the tail cloud is away from the precipitation and toward the wall cloud, with rapid upward motion often observed near the junction of the tail and wall clouds.
		Compare with beaver tail, which is a form of inflow band that normally attaches to the storm's main updraft (not to the wall cloud) and has a base at about the same level as the updraft base (not the wall cloud).
		The WER is a sign of a strong updraft on the inflow side of a storm, within which precipitation is held aloft.
	www.srh.noaa.gov /oun/severewx/glossary4.php (4121 words)

	Torrefaction
		The goal of the proposed project is to study the gasification of agricultural residues using a laboratory scale updraft gasifier.
		The principal advantages of updraft gasifiers are their simple construction and high thermal efficiency: the sensible heat of the gas produced is recovered by direct heat exchange with entering feed, which thus is dried, preheated and pyrolysed before entering the gasification zone.
		As in the updraft fixed-bed gasification of biomass the different physical and chemical processes are stratified along the reactor height in the order of combustion, gasification, devolatilization and drying (from the bottom), a first set of experiments will be carried for fixed-bed pyrolysis through a laboratory scale reactor.
	hem.fyristorg.com /zanzi/updraft.html (708 words)

	CJ's Place of Interests - Thunderstorms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		As precipitation is produced in the updraft, the strong upper level winds literally blow the precipitation downwind.
		The area near the main updraft (typically towards the rear of the storm) is the preferred area of severe weather formation.
		If the clouds in the main updraft area are sharply outlined with a distinct cauliflower appearance, then the clouds are probably associated with a strong updraft which may produce severe weather.
	www.midtel.net /~cjworeth/thunder2.html (1949 words)

	Entrainment and Detrainment Paper
		The humidity which is significant for the buoyancy of the updraft is the humidity in the immediate vicinity of the updraft, not the humidity at a distant sounding.
		The velocity of an updraft is proportional to the square root of its diameter (8).
		With an initial updraft diameter of 400 m for oceanic updraft and 800 m for continental updrafts, the maximum velocities would be 4.6 m/s for oceanic updrafts and 13.3 m/s for continental updraft, which agrees with the velocities of the 10% strongest updraft reported by Lucas et al.
	www.vortexengine.ca /Entrain/Ent_paper.htm (8827 words)

	1990 Updraft - Hasbro G.I. Joe or Cobra Toy Action Figure
		His pistol was cool for the time, but was bastardized into a plethora of neon colors in 1993 and 1994 and has lost much of its originality in the process.
		Updraft works better, expecially at the helm of the Tomahawk as his colors match and he looks more like the type of pilot who would be able to maneuver a Tomahawk in rescue, extraction, or combat missions.
		However, in other cases, molds are quickly becoming stale and the some of the most popular molds in the history of the line are starting to be thought of with contempt by collectors who have grown tired of seeing the same figure over and over.
	home.att.net /~mjtaber/joe/90updraft.htm (1142 words)

	OKWMDP: Cloud Physics
		One of the factors influencing the influx of water vapor is the updraft speed.
		Updraft speed is proportional to parcel buoyancy, and parcel bouyancy is a funtion of the temperature difference between the parcel and its environment.
		Particles suspended in the updraft may eventually grow large enough to overcome the upward velocity of the updraft and fall to the ground as precipitation.
	www.evac.ou.edu /okwmdp/physics.html (1273 words)

	Gas Producers (Gasifiers)
		Disadvantages of updraft gas proucer are excessive amount of tar in raw gas and poor loading capability.
		Unlike downdraft and updraft gasifiers, the ash bin, fire and reduction zone in crossdraft gasifiers are separated.
		Although updraft, downdraft or crossdraft gas producers have been the most commonly built types, there is a wide variety of gasifiers which do not really fit into any of these categories and are classified as other gas producers.
	members.tripod.com /~cturare/gas.htm (511 words)

	Thunderstorms
		Thus, updrafts and new updraft developement occur on the downwind(east) side, where the squall line is moving into unstable inflow air.
		The heaviest rain and largest is usually adjacent to the updraft and near the leading edge of the squall line.
		The rotating updraft is known as the mesocyclone.
	www.angelfire.com /mi/adamsherman/thunderstorms.html (1085 words)

	Lemon Technique
		As updraft increases in strength, it rises with less of a slope and ascends to greater heights.
		The strong updraft is able to penetrate higher without the effects of the wind shear.
		Precipitation forms in the mid-levels of the storm and is carried downwind of the updraft.
	weather.cod.edu /sirvatka/lt.html (651 words)

	Thunderstorms - Don't Flirt'em...Skirt'em
		The updraft then becomes the "burner chamber," drawing fuel from below until its fuel source is exhausted or an intermediate layer of dry stable air is encountered.
		The buoyancy of the air is decreased until the updraft becomes a downdraft.
		If, in the mature stage, the updraft and downdraft areas remain equally balanced, the mature stage may then become a "steady state" thunderstorm cell in which extreme turbulence and large hail may predominate.
	www.faa.gov /ats/afss/newyork/tstorms.htm (1043 words)

	Types of Thunderstorms: single cell, multicell clusters, multicell lines and supercells
		Nevertheless, arrangement of storms within the spectrum is dependent on updraft strength, here represented by different colors; relative frequencies of these updraft strength categories, as indicated by differing lengths on the upper bar graph; and relative threats of the updraft categories, here represented by the lengths on the bottom bar graph.
		Thus, while a "strong" updraft is less common than a "weak" updraft, the relative threat to life and property is greater with the "strong" updraft storm.
		The "intense" updraft storm is almost invariably the supercell, a storm capable of producing the most devastating weather, including violent tornadoes.
	ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu /(Gh)/guides/mtr/svr/type/home.rxml (538 words)

	Vertical draft - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An updraft or downdraft (air pocket) is the vertical movement of air as a weather related phenomenon.
		Updrafts and downdrafts are some of the main causes of in-flight turbulence in planes, and are one reason airlines try to avoid regions of bad weather.
		Extreme cases, known as downbursts and microbursts are responsible for many airplane crashes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Updraft (358 words)

	Severe Information
		The updraft is trying to force the clouds into the stronger winds aloft and essentially forces this to happen.
		If your updraft is weak it will not be able to create a more crisp anvil, so looking at the anvil from a distance can tell you something about the updraft creating it.
		This is the visually clear area north of the updraft between the updraft and forward-flank downdraft/rain core.
	www.extremeinstability.com /storminfo.htm (4149 words)

	An Introduction to Cyclic Storms: one updraft weakens as a new one intensifies
		one updraft weakens as a new one intensifies
		At the same time, a new rotating updraft (B) is developing several miles to the east along the intersection of the RFD gust front and the stationary front (referred to as a pseudo-warm front).
		The cyclonically curving cloud bands inflowing to (B) and a "beaver's tail" oriented east-west in the cloud shadows near the pseudo-warm front are important visual supercell signatures that spotters are likely to observe.
	ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu /(Gh)/guides/mtr/svr/torn/cyc/home.rxml (352 words)

	Trigger and updraft/downdraft properties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Updraft gets 50% of its low-level air from the most unstable layer and the remaining 50% from layers between this source layer and the LFC of a source layer parcel.
		Updraft air affects grid-scale temperature, moisture, winds, and cloud water only in detrainment layer.
		Amount of air in downdraft compared to updraft increases from 0% to 30% with increasing shear averaged over depth of cloud layer (uses formula from Fritsch and Chappell, 1980).
	meted.ucar.edu /nwp/pcu2/avncp2a.htm (342 words)

	index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Updraft Technologies specializes in the design of innovative new products in several core areas.
		Updraft Technologies has developed core technologies in the GSM cellular area.
		Specifically, Updraft has written an extensive Matlab simulation of the Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3 processing done in GSM.
	www.updrafttechnologies.com /index.htm (156 words)

	Thunderstorm Life Cycle
		As the updraft develops, precipitation is produced in the upper portions of the storm.
		The mature stage is marked by a co-existence of updraft and downdraft within the storm.
		If the wind speed is sufficiently strong (usually 30 miles an hour or greater) and veering of the wind with height is present, then horizontally-oriented "rolls" may develop in the lower levels of the atmosphere.
	www.tsgc.utexas.edu /stars/tslife.html (1068 words)

	www.myspace.com/updraft
		And it is only a matter of time before Updraft finds the record label home that will help them share their classics with the world.
		Their unique ability to progress from soft, melodic verses into explosive choruses, which are equally melodic, is sure to set them apart from the myriad identical emo-rock bands currently on the market.
		Updraft heralds a return to the kind of classic rock that a rare few new bands have delivered in the last two decades.
	www.myspace.com /updraft (816 words)

	Buoyancy and CAPE Print Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Because precipitation loading can subtract significantly from positive buoyancy, the initial effect of precipitation is to drag air downward, as shown in the animation, and initially, it is the most significant contributor to the strength of a downdraft.
		The magnitude of precipitation loading depends both on the amount of moisture in the parcel and on the strength of the updraft, which initially suspends the precipitation.
		Updrafts dominate during the early portion of an ordinary cell’s life cycle; downdrafts dominate in the later stages
	meted.ucar.edu /mesoprim/cape/print.htm (2770 words)

	SEVERE THUNDERSTORM STRUCTURE
		Some of the moisture in a strong updraft is lofted so high into the troposphere that it is not able to drop back down immediately.
		The most violent rain and hail in a supercell tend to be on the outer edge of the updraft on the downdraft side of the storm.
		Due to the rapidly rising air and the verticality of the rising air, the cloud base is close to the ground within the wall cloud.
	www.theweatherprediction.com /severe/structure (801 words)

	Solar updraft tower - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A solar updraft tower power station would directly impact a significant area of land if it were designed to generate as much electricity as is produced by modern power stations using other technology such as burning coal.
		Another inefficiency is that reflection of light off the top of the canopy implies a loss of 7.7 per cent of incoming solar energy, as calculated by the fresnel equations, if the canopy is made of common glass.
		The inverse of the solar updraft tower is the downdraft-driven energy tower.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Solar_updraft_tower (1658 words)

	The Dynamic Mode of Cloud Seeding
		If the updraft is not strong enough to sustain the rain in the supercooled region until it freezes naturally,most of it will fall back toward the warmer parts of the cloud without freezing.
		The greater precipitation mass in the upper portion of the tower eventually moves downward along with the evaporatively cooled air that was entrained from the drier environment during the tower's growth phase.
		When the ice mass reaches the melting level, some of the heat released in the updraft during the glaciation process is reclaimed as cooling in the downdraft.
	rams.atmos.colostate.edu /gkss_node3.html (1944 words)

	Questions and Answers about Hail: Basics
		Hail is precipitation that is formed when updrafts in thunderstorms carry raindrops upward into extremely cold areas of the atmosphere and freezes into ice.
		Hail is a form of precipitation that occurs when updrafts in thunderstorms carry raindrops upward into extremely cold areas of the atmosphere where they freeze into ice.
		One ingredient necessary for the development of large hail is a strong updraft – one that can support the weight of a hailstone long enough for it to grow to a large size.
	beta.nssl.noaa.gov /primer/hail/hail_basics.html (1310 words)

	A LABORATORY SIMULATION OF THE THUNDERSTORM DOWNBURST USING CARBON-DIOXIDE
		One observation by Lemon and Doswell (1) showed that prior to tornadogenesis the updraft increases, thereby increasing the water (raindrop) and ice (hail) content surrounding the updraft in the upper region of the thunderstorm (see figure 11d).
		Overshooting Top model (figure 11c) may be the cause for the decreasing updraft in the upper levels of the supercell thunderstorm.
		With the rotating updraft setting the stage for tornadogenesis, field observations by tornado chase teams and frequent observations of downburst or microburst damage patterns near tornado damage tracks point to the RFD (including downburst) as the possible trigger for tornadogenesis.
	oas.ucok.edu /OJAS/01/papers/tidwell01.htm (5714 words)

	Handouts - Chimney Draft Problems; Too Much Updraft
		When you've got a chimney flue with an extra-strong updraft attached to a stove with an air control that doesn't turn down far enough to compensate, it can be very hard to control your rate of burn.
		The problem with barometric dampers is, the reduced updraft might adversely affect the secondary burn, reducing efficiency and increasing emissions.
		By turning the handle, the disc may be oriented parallel with the flow of exhaust (no resistance), perpendicular to the flow (maximum resistance), or at any angle in between.
	www.chimneysweeponline.com /hoxdraft.htm (646 words)

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