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	BURMA - LoveToKnow Article on BURMA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the extreme north of Upper Burma the rainfall is rather less than in the country adjoining, Rangoon, and in the dry zone the annual average falls as low as 20 and 30 in.
		Forests.The forests of Burma are the finest in British India and one of the chief assets of the wealth of the country; it is from Burma that the world draws its main supply of teak for shipbuilding, and indeed it was the demand for teak that largely led to the annexation of Burma.
		The forests of Burma, therefore, are now strictly preserved by the governnlent, and there is a regular forest department for the conservation and cutting of timber, the planting of young trees for future generations, the prevention of forest fires, and for generally supervising their treatment by the natives.
	65.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BU/BURMA.htm (12417 words)

	SHAN STATES - LoveToKnow Article on SHAN STATES
		By section II of th~ Burma Laws Act 1898, the civil, criminal and revenue administration of each state is vested in the chief, subject to the restriction specified in.
		It is probable that their first settlement in Burma proper was in the Shweli valley, and that from this centre they radiated at a comparatively recent date N., W. and S.E. through Upper Burma into Assam.
		Upper Burmah and West Vun-nan (Calcutta, 1876); Cushing, S/ian Dictionary (Introduction); Bock, Temples and Elephants; Sir A. Phayre, History of Burmah; A. Colquhoun, 4cross Chrys (London, 1883), and Amongst the S/ions (1885); Diguet, Etude de la tongue Thai (Paris, 1896).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SH/SHAN_STATES.htm (1077 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Burma
		Burma is bounded on the east by China and Siam, on the West by Assam and Bengal.
		It is, therefore, bounded on the east by the Diocese of Dacca, on the north by Eastern Burma, on the west by Siam, and on the south by the sea.
		Monsignor Alexander Cardot, Bishop of Limyra, Vicar Apostolic of Southern Burma, was born at Fresse, Haute-Saône, France, 9 January, 1859, and educated in the seminaries of Luneil and Vesoul and of the Missions Etrangères.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03082a.htm (1454 words)

	Vacation in Burma with Asian Vacations - Myanmar History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Pyus, refugees from Tibe settled in upper Burma in the 1st century.
		Burma was divided into 2 regions: Burma proper, where Burmans were in a majority - which included Arakan and Tenasserim - and the hill areas, inhabited by other minorities.
		Burma became a unitary state with effective power in the hands of the Burman majority at the centre and lip service was paid to minority rights.
	www.vacationsinburma.com /history.html (7636 words)

	Burma and the Burmese
		Burma is defined not only by these rivers but also by the mountains and highlands of Upper Burma, and the contrasting climates of the dry interior of Upper Burma, known as the Dry Zone, and the wet deltas of Lower Burma.
		Burma's major agricultural crops are rice, beans and pulses (leguminous crops such as peas, beans and lentils), chilies, and edible oils (sesame, sunflower).
		Burma's capital, Rangoon, lies on one of the eight branches of the Irrawaddy that form Lower Burma's ___________ region.
	www.hawaii.edu /cseas/pubs/burma/burma.html (2904 words)

	LEGAL ISSUES ON BURMA JOURNAL No
		Three ethnic nationality groups, the Arakanese, Mon and Karen, shared lower and parts of upper Burma with the Burmans.There are many similarities between Arakan and Burman in terms of culture and language, and it may be that both are descended from common ancestors.
		Following the independence of Burma from the rule of British in 1948, socialism gained momentum in the world and the leaders of Burma at that time were mostly influenced by socialism, in which the state plays a great role in establishing society.
		The Union of Burma is to be divided into seven states and seven regions (similar to the division established by the military's 1974 constitution).
	www.ibiblio.org /obl/docs/LIOB05-Aung.Htoo.htm (8030 words)

	Southeast Asia to 1875 by Sanderson Beck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In 1215 the Thai state of Mogaung emerged in upper Burma; eight years later the powerful Shan state of Muong Nai was founded; and 1229 is the traditional date for the founding of the Thai Ahom kingdom of Assam.
		Burma had adopted Theravada Buddhism with some influences from Hinduism; their four classes were generally based on the ancient caste system.
		Burma agreed to the Treaty of Yandabo in February 1826.
	www.san.beck.org /2-12-SoutheastAsia.html (23104 words)

	Heaven and Hell: Burma's jade mines, Part 1
		The construction of the Great Pyramids in Egypt was a study in patience; that in Upper Burma today is on no less a scale, but involves deconstruction, the dismantling of entire mountains, step by step, bit by bit, stone by stone, one pebble at a time.
		Adventurous bands of Chinese soon discovered the source of the green stone, and from this date forward, considerable amounts of jadeite were transported from the mines to Beijing, where the world's finest jade carvers were located.
		Sketch map of Upper Burma, showing the authors' route to the jade mines at Hpakan.
	www.ruby-sapphire.com /heaven-hell-jade-burma.htm (2878 words)

	[No title]
		Burma’s fishing fleets need to upgrade their fishing equipment, to be able to make up for the decline in catches, said a fishery source.
		Burma’s tiger prawn farms are facing difficulties in competing with the Hawaii origin white lobsters.
		Burma and the establishment of Special Economic Zones (article) highlights the prospects to establish special economic zones, conservation of natural resources and infrastructure development projects in Burma.
	www.ibiblio.org /obl/docs3/LC2004-02.html (2145 words)

	Shan Herald Agency for News (S.H.A.N.) — THE SHAN FEDERAL PROPOSAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Shan State lies in the eastern part of the Union of Burma, with the Kachin State and the People’s Republic of China bordering it to the north, Laos and Thailand to the east, the Kayah State to the south, and the Districts of Yamethin, Mandalay and Shwebo bordering it to the west.
		In Upper Burma the Shans established the kingdoms of (Mong Kawng) Mongaung and (Mong Yang) Mohnyin, and in the Shweli basin, the Mao Kingdom.
		The Shans ruled Upper Burma from 1287 A.D. to 1531 A.D. In 1527 A.D. due to the attacks of the Sawbwa of Mohnyin on Ava, the Shans and Burmese of the area left their homes and descended southwards towards Toungoo, where they established a new city and Kingdom.
	www.shanland.org /resources/history/Publications/shan_federal_proposal_1961.htm (15255 words)

	Buddhist Nuns in Burma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		According to a legend in the Burmese historical chronicles, the Burmese race arose from the union of a Sakyan prince, a fugitive related to the Buddha, and the daughter of a local chieftain in the city of Tagaung in Upper Burma.
		The present nuns in Burma had a great period of revival and prosperity during the sasana reforms sponsored by King Mindon, who built the royal city of Mandalay and held the Fifth Buddhist Council there in the second half of the nineteeth century.
		After all, half the Buddhists of Burma are women, and the opportunity to practice their religion is an important feature of their lives.
	www.saigon.com /~anson/ebud/ebdha060.htm (1871 words)

	Democratic Voice of Burma: News (English) Front Page
		Mar 04, 2006 (DVB) - The actions of Burma’s military government which claims that it is heading towards democracy, are not sufficient, according to Christopher Hill, the Assistant Secretary of U.S. Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs.
		Mar 02, 2006 (DVB) — Australia Burma Council (ABC) which is made up mainly of exiled Burmese political activists, on 2 March, urged the international community, especially the regional governments, to support the call for political dialogue by the National League for Democracy (NLD) in a special statement issued on 12 February.
		Mar 02, 2005 (DVB) - Although Burma’s military junta, the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) claims that all ministerial departments are to operate from the new capital at Pyinmana-Kyappyay region from 7 March onwards, some departments including the prison administration, had returned to Rangoon due to unspecified difficulties.
	english.dvb.no /index.php (714 words)

	Upper Course (from Danube River) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		The division between Upper and Lower Burma was accentuated during 1852–85, when Lower Burma (comprising the extreme southern fringes of the country) became British Burma.
		Upper Hutt is for the most part residential, although it does have...
		Angola to the Atlantic Ocean; only economically important river in Angola; upper and middle course marked by rapids and falls, but lower river navigable by small steamers up to 160 mi (255 km) inland; seldom used for transportation due to shallowness in the dry season and shifting sandbar at mouth; Cambambe Dam (built 1963) provides...
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-231145 (930 words)

	BUDDHIST ARCHBISHOP FOR BURMA / tawsein2.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		AFTER the British annexation of Upper Burma in 1886, it was considered to be politically expedient to recognize the Buddhist hierarchy with the
		Under Burmese rule three per cent of the population of Upper Burma were monks, and in Mandalay itself there were 13,227 members of the Order, or about eight per cent of the total population.
		The Buddhist community of Burma is under a deep obligation to Sir Frederic Fryer, K.C.S.I., late Lieutenant-Governor for his kindly sympathy shown towards Buddhism, for reviving the Pali examinations, and for recommending the recognition of a Buddhist Archbishop for Upper Burma.
	www.triplegem.plus.com /tawsein2.htm (1132 words)

	Ruby & Sapphire from Burma (Myanmar) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Considered one of the most scenic areas in Burma, it is home to a number of colorful ethnic groups, as well as a variety of wildlife, including elephants, tiger, bear and leopard.
		Shortly after the annexation of Upper Burma in December, 1885, London jeweler, Edwin Streeter, was breakfasting in Paris and happened to overhear two men discussing the Burma ruby mines.
		On Patton's arrival in Burma, it was found that Gillanders, Arbuthnot and Co. of Calcutta and Rangoon, in conjunction with an unknown London jewel broker, had already offered two lakhs3 of rupees for the lease.
	www.ruby-sapphire.com /r-s-bk-burma.htm (7847 words)

	Reel_One
		Translation of a document purporting to relate to the concession of certain ruby mines in Upper Burma to French speculators.
		Correspondence relative to the position of affairs in Rangoon and the troubles prevailing in Upper Burma.
		Correspondence regarding the affairs of Upper Burma and the alleged negotiations between the Burma Govt.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~rdsaran/Reel_One.htm (680 words)

	Burma Auxiliary Force
		The Burma Auxiliary Force consisted of British and Anglo-Burmans and Anglo-Indians while the Burma Territorial Force was mainly Burmese.
		The guns were later replaced by 6-inch guns from England and the 18-pounders used to equip 5th Field Battery Royal Artillery, Burma Auxiliary Force, a battery of the the Field Brigade.
		On 23rd March 1942, they were amalgamated into a single battalion - the Burma Battalion, BAF consisting of the Rangoon, Tenasserim and Upper Burma Companies.
	homepages.force9.net /rothwell/burmaweb/BAF.htm (397 words)

	Conspiracy Theory: Gems & Junkies in Burma by R.W. Hughes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Throughout the 1950's, Burma was wracked by instability, not the least of which involved the two KMT divisions in the north, heavily supported by the CIA.
		By the mid-1970's, Burma languished among the poorest of the world's poor – a topsy-turvy unwonderland where the Mad Hatter ruled at gunpoint, while residents cowered under their teacups.
		And the owners are also back in Burma, albeit at a location underground, having been executed for the crime of removing a piece of earth from the country without informing the government.
	www.ruby-sapphire.com /burmese_politics.htm (6287 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Upper Burma, 1852-1886
		After having lost the southern provinces in the SECOND ANGLO-BURMESE WAR of 1852, Burma was reduced to the upper Irawaddy valley (UPPER BURMA).
		In 1867 a treaty was signed on trade and diplomatic relations with Upper Burma.
		In the THIRD ANGLO-BURMESE WAR of 1885, the country was conquered, in 1886 formally annexed by the British.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/seasia/uburma18521886.html (167 words)

	Lower Burma -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		historical and geographic division of Burma (Myanmar), referring to the southern coastal and delta region on the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea (as opposed to Upper Burma).
		It was the centre of the Mon kingdoms based at Pegu and was acquired by the British Indian government in 1826 and 1852.
		The Union of Myanmar (known abroad as the Union of Burma until mid-1989) is the land of the great Irrawaddy, or Ayeyarwady, River.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9049158 (920 words)

	Reel_Two
		of Upper Burma with the Chief Commissioner's remarks.
		Submission of papers on the subject of the settlement with China, of the boundary between Burma and that country.
		Consideration of the difficulty arising due to the Kachin Chiefs of Burma constituting and important factor in the boundary demarcation.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~rdsaran/Reel_Two.htm (588 words)

	Democratic Voice of Burma
		Local people at Taundwinggyi Township in central Burma have been forced to take part in the beautification of ancient pagodas as the structures are to be re-consecrated with umbrella raising ceremonies by General Khin Nyunt, the ‘Prime Minister’ of Burma’s military junta, State Peace and Development Council (SPDC).
		The order for forced labour was issued by the township authority chairman, U Hla Kyaing personally and the local people have been forced to clear bushes, paint trees white and repair paths around the ancient pagodas.
		Burma junta using school children to build roads
	english.dvb.no /news.php?id=2799 (181 words)

	ARMANDO PALACIO VALDES - LoveToKnow Article on ARMANDO PALACIO VALDES
		The headquarters town, Pakokku, stands on the right bank of the Irrawaddy, and has grown into importance since the British occupation.
		It is the great boat-building centre of Upper Burma.
		It may be described as the emporium of the trade of the Chindwin and, Yaw river valleys.
	1911encyclopedia.org /P/PA/PALACIO_VALDES_ARMANDO.htm (389 words)

	5 Days Upper Burma Irrwaddy Gorges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		On the upper deck an open sundeck, partly covered by sunshade, with comfortable rattan chairs invite to relax and enjoy the passing scenery.
		After breakfast, sit back in a deckchair and observe he diverse river life: teakwood and bamboo rafts, gold prospectors, cargo boats dating from the colonial times, the government ferry and faster private passenger boats.
		The origin of Burma as the legends say.
	www.visit-mekong.com /tours/myanmar/pk-5Dupper-burma-irrwaddy.html (906 words)

	Myanmar Burma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Burma and Beyond: The Luce Collection at the National Library of Australia
		Shrines of Burma: The Shway Sandaw of Prome
		The contribution of the Naval Brigade to the conquest of Upper Burma in 1885-1886
	www.myanmarburma.net /myanmars/indexmyanmars.htm (342 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Burma, ToC
		History of Burma (Myanmar), from Travel Burma (timetable); from Lonely Planet, from Asia Tours, 7 chapters; from geographia.com, scroll down for history and culture; from World Travel Guide
		Timeline Burma, 1057-2002, from BBC News; Timeline History of Burma, from timelines.ws
		Myanmar (Burma), from Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/seasia/xburma.html (239 words)

	AUXENTIUS OF CAPPADOCIA - LoveToKnow Article on AUXENTIUS OF CAPPADOCIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The administration of the royal province of Auvergne was organized under Louis XIV.
		At the time of the revolution it formed what was called a government, with t~vo divisions: Upper Auvergne (Aurillac), and Lower Auvergne (Clermont).
		AVA, the ancient capital of the Burman empire, now a subdivision of the Sagaing district in the Sagaing division of Upper Burma.
	www.1911ency.org /A/AU/AUXENTIUS_OF_CAPPADOCIA.htm (1468 words)

	Continuity in a cultural landscape: Upper Burma from the Neolithic to Pagan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Continuity in a cultural landscape: Upper Burma from the Neolithic to Pagan
		New archaeological maps of Upper Burma, created from a computer database that includes the results of recent field research and excavations, show a landscape dense with settlement.
		Largely in or between the Chindwin and Samon valleys, there are now dozens of sites yielding Neolithic materials such as polished stone rings or axes, sites with bronze materials such as axes, halberds and jewelry, and many sites where the finds overlap.
	www.timemap.net /~hudson/PhD_thesis.htm (397 words)

	Environmental History: Architecture of Burmese Buddhist Monasteries in Upper Burma and Northern Thailand: The Biography ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Environmental History: Architecture of Burmese Buddhist Monasteries in Upper Burma and Northern Thailand: The Biography of Trees, The
		Architecture of Burmese Buddhist Monasteries in Upper Burma and Northern Thailand: The Biography of Trees, The
		"The Architecture of Burmese Buddhist Monasteries in Upper Burma and Northern Thailand: The Biography of Trees." Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University, 2003.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3854/is_200410/ai_n9460525 (164 words)

	Bob Hudson- Archaeological Computing Laboratory- Uni of Sydney
		Abstract: The archaeological landscape of Upper Burma from the middle of the first millennium BC to the Bagan period in the 13th-14th century AD is a landscape of continuity.
		By the mid 11th century Bagan began to dominate Upper Burma, and the region began a transition from a system of largely autonomous city states to a centralised kingdom.
		Then again, Tibetan and Nepalese Buddhism, which is in some ways still quite close to Hinduism, especially with regard to religious iconography, sometimes features Buddhas with multiple arms or heads, such as this 14th Century Tibetan bronze of the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara.
	acl.arts.usyd.edu.au /~hudson/bobhpage.htm (1502 words)

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