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Topic: Upper Nile

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	USAID Sudan: Upper Nile Trip Report
		The purpose of travel was to visit three locations in the Upper Nile region of southern Sudan to assess humanitarian conditions in the aftermath of the recent cessation of hostilities.
		Bieh State of Upper Nile has been very insecure for much of the last few years, largely due to conflict between Nuer factions and especially linked to the GOS-aligned militia of Simon Gatwich.
		NPA is working in Eastern Upper Nile with the indigenous Gajaak Relief and Development Organization (GARDO).
	www.usaid.gov /locations/sub-saharan_africa/sudan/upper_nile_report.html (1188 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Upper Nile
		Upper Nile (A'ali an Nil) is one of the 26 wilayat or states of Sudan.
		Upper Egypt is land upstream, or to the south and Lower Egypt is land downstream, or to the north.
		Upper Egypt is a narrow strip of land that extends from the cataract boundaries of modern-day Aswan to the area south of modern-day Cairo.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Upper-Nile (751 words)

	Upper Nile Kalaazar Eradication Association - Southern Sudan
		Upper Nile Kalaazar Eradication Association was founded in 2002 in Dingkar, Nasir County of Upper Nile State.
		UNKEA was one of the Community based organization engaged in the development and eradication of Kalaazar and Poverty.
		UNKEA is proud and privileged to have been given the opportunity to undertake the Youth Project in Mandeng Payam in Luakpiny/Nasir County, Upper Nile Region, Southern Sudan.
	www.unkea.org (270 words)

	Nile - MSN Encarta
		At the Sudanese capital, Khartoum, the White Nile is joined by the Blue Nile (Baḩr al Azraq), which flows about 1370 km (about 850 mi) from its source, Lake T’ana in the Ethiopian highlands, where it is known as the Abbai.
		Among wildlife, hippopotamuses are common in the upper Nile, while crocodiles are found throughout the river’s length.
		The 1959 Nile Waters Agreement resolved an international dispute concerning the equitable division of the river’s water among the countries of the region.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761558310/Nile.html (1050 words)

	The Potential of the Nile River Basin
		From Khartoum north to the Egyptian border and Aswan, the gradient of the Nile is steeper than south of Khartoum, and five of the Nile's six cataracts occur on this stretch.
		But the most distant origin point of the Nile waters is far to the south in the Kagera River Basin in Rwanda and Burundi, and the upper Nile flow comes from the catchment of the equatorial lake plateau.
		The proposals for waterworks in the Sudd, and in the upper Nile lake plateau region, are either partially built, or not built at all.
	www.aboutsudan.com /action/great_projects/potential_nile_river.htm (1203 words)

	Egypt: Destinations - The Upper Nile Valley from Talla to Qena
		Egypt: Destinations - The Upper Nile Valley from Talla to Qena
		Upper Nile Valley from South of El-Minya to Qena
		This area of the Nile River Valley represents the Northern region of Upper Egypt (Southern).
	touregypt.net /Nileb.htm (99 words)

	The Nile
		He had two forms: As the god of the Upper Nile Hap-Reset he wore a crown of lotus flowers, as Hap-Meht, the Lower Egyptian god, he was adorned with papyrus [3].
		The lowest Nile on record is dated by Martineau [13] to the year 966 CE and amounted to six and a half metres.
		The large wild animals living in the Nile, the hippos and crocodiles, or farther afield, the lions and ostriches [6] were hunted and their habitats destroyed.
	nefertiti.iwebland.com /geography/nile.htm (2309 words)

	FEWS NET Printing
		Western Upper Nile (Leech) is the area most affected due to increased fighting at the end of July and beginning of August.
		This is because most indigenous West upper Nile residents are restocking after losing and slaughtering most of their cattle during the 1998 food crisis.
		In general, humanitarian interventions in Western Upper Nile continued to be affected by insecurity and refusals by the GOS to allow flights into the country.
	www.fews.net /printing/print.aspx?docID=m1000688&f=sd (2046 words)

	Blue Nile Gorge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		The Northwestern and Southeastern plateaus of Ethiopia are separated by the Rift Valley.
		Along the western margin of the Northwestern Plateau in the Blue Nile Gorge, a 2000 m section of Mesozoic strata capped by massive Tertiary volcanics is exposed.
		At left, the Blue Nile River flows lazily in the bottom of the gorge.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /mesozoic/bluenile.html (264 words)

	MacGillivray Freeman's Mystery of the Nile
		They are incredibly polite and helpful and the all of the men on the Nile River Police escorts that we have had continuously clear down the river have been honest, professional, tremendous to work with and have actually been a lot of help and assistance.
		Down from Aswan and Luxor on the Nile in Upper and Middle Egypt there is so much water Hyacinth (an exotic aquatic plant that grows and spreads out incredibly fast) on the river that it is virtually impossible to pull off the river in many places.
		Since the Nile no longer floods much of the trash, plant matter, and debris that end up in the Nile are no longer washed down river but just accumulate along the river banks and in the slower moving eddys.
	www.nilefilm.com /dispatch/apr25.html (1080 words)

	Oil development and Khartoum's denial of humanitarian access to Western Upper Nile, December 20, 2001 :: ...
		Western Upper Nile is the area most directly affected by the massive oil development projects in which Talisman Energy (Canada), Petronas (Malaysia), China National Petroleum Corp., and Lundin Petroleum (Sweden) are operational partners with the Government of Sudan.
		The simple answer is that since the mid-1990’s, Western Upper Nile has come to be the central theater in Sudan’s unimaginably destructive civil conflict, and oil development---which began in earnest in 1997---is the reason.
		Oil development in Western Upper Nile is directly responsible for the attenuation and halting of a great deal of critical humanitarian relief to one of the most stricken populations in the world.
	www.sudanreeves.org /Sections-index-req-viewarticle-artid-409-page-1.html (1216 words)

	Nile History
		These colors reflect the fact that the desert sands have a reddish hue and the land around the Nile turned fl when the annual flood waters receded.
		he Upper Nile is divided into three tributaries: the White Nile, the Blue Nile and the Atbara River.
		The White Nile flows from Lake Victoria, Lake Edward and Lake George, and the Blue Nile originates in the Ethiopian mountains.
	www.nileriver.com /nile/nileinfo/default.htm (424 words)

	Select Medical IMAX Theater : Mystery of the Nile : History
		Even in ancient Greece, the source of the Nile was considered one of the earth’s most compelling mysteries, written about extensively by the 460 BC historian Herodotus, who believed the river sprang from between two massive mountains.
		Later, the Emperor Nero ordered his Centurions to follow the Nile in search of this rumored source, though these brave early explorers were bogged down in the swampy marshes of the Sudd (near the Ugandan border) and got no further.
		Historians explain that between the 4th and 17th centuries, the upper Nile in Ethiopia was largely forgotten by the rest of the world.
	www.whitakercenter.org /imax/Nile/NileHistory.asp (1127 words)

	Encyclopaedia Britannica: Sudan, history of the
		The first theory is that the lower Nile had its source at about latitude 20 N, flowing directly into the sea, while the upper Nile, issuing from Lake Victoria, flowed into an inland lake that covered the As-Sudd region in what is now The Sudan.
		According, to the second theory, the upper section originally flowed into a vast lake between Mount as-Silsilah and what is now Aswan; this was tapped by the lower section of the Nile after the so-called Sebile erosion.
		From records of antiquity it is generally accepted that at the end of the 4th millennium BC, kings of Egypt's 1st dynasty conquered upper Nubia south of Aswan, introducing Egyptian cultural influence to the region.
	www.ethiopians.com /abay/history.html (523 words)

	From UNDUGU to the Nile Basin Initiative:
		The history chronicles the lower riparians’ failure to accept propositions to engage in negotiations with the upper riparians, and the lower riparians strategy of equivocation, avoidance, and hostility to deflect the issue of equitable utilization of the basin’s resources in preference for preservation of the status quo.
		Indeed the outcome of recent efforts towards cooperation confirms the continuing tension between upper riparians' demand for an equitable share of the basin’s waters and lower riparians’ preference for maintaining the status quo, most recently on the basis of a perceived lack of comprehensive knowledge concerning the basin.
		The 250 million people living in the Nile Basin states were rapidly increasing at three and six-tenths percent a year, the extensive environmental degradation, and the looming demand for equitable sharing of the Nile waters was becoming imminent.
	www.addistribune.com /Archives/2004/01/30-01-04/From.htm (2786 words)

	Western Upper Nile Information Desk Report Number 001
		Geographically, Western Upper Nile falls within the great Upper Nile region and occupies the West bank of the Nile river, it is inhabited by two different ethnic groups who are mainly the Nuer's and Dinka's people's of Southern Sudan.
		Western Upper Nile region is one of the most richest part of Southern Sudan in Oil production and other un-utilized mineral resources, for which the Oil exploitation in Western Upper Nile by the government of Sudan is one of the major factors of the conflict in the Sudan.
		They call themselves, SPLA Western Upper Nile because they are collaborating with the SPLA who are mainly from Dinka ethnic group and does support them with little ammunitions to enable them resist and defend themselves from the government of Sudan occupational policies of Western Upper Nile and its Oil.
	southsudanfriends.org /ORCD/WUN001.html (1009 words)

	Egypt Nile River Cruises & Sightseeing Tours \| 4-day, 5-day and 8-day Nile river cruises on 4 star, 5 star ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Nile river cruises begin in Aswan or Luxor, covering a distance of 200 kilometers.
		Throughout your Nile River cruise you will be accompanied by a knowledgeable tour guide who will provide in-depth insights and a comprehensive understanding of the ancient kingdoms.
		The Upper Nile valley is one great waterway, with insignificantly small irrigation canals scattered along its length.
	www.sunshinediving.com /nile_cruises/nile_cruises.htm (1154 words)

	The Military Situation in Sudan’s Western Upper Nile Oil Regions: An Assessment, January 24, 2002 :: sudanreeves.org ...
		It remains the case that independently verified intelligence concerning the military situation in Western Upper Nile is exceedingly difficult to come by.
		This is true for large sections of the Greater Nile concession areas as well (see "Report of an Investigation into Oil Development, Conflict and Displacement in Western Upper Nile, Sudan," October 2001, by Georgette Gagnon [Canada] and John Ryle [United Kingdom]).
		In a separate action, in Central Upper Nile, the SPLA claims that earlier in January its forces engaged two government convoys: "a flotilla of barges on the Bar el Zeraf and a land convoy from Malakal town advancing towards Leer" (Leer is at the southern end of Lundin’s elevated all-weather road).
	www.sudanreeves.org /Sections-req-viewarticle-artid-423-allpages-1-theme-Printer.html (1710 words)

	Doctors Without Borders: Life in the Field
		In 1997, oil exploration and growing inter-factional rivalries among armed groups in the south led to an escalation in the conflict and a disastrous new phase in the humanitarian crisis.
		Western Upper Nile is a region in which violence, malnutrition and infectious disease go hand-in-hand.
		Cattle, the lifeblood of the south Sudanese economy and diet, are looted by roving soldiers, and the severity and reach of epidemics is intensified by displacement and the destruction of public health structures and supply lines.
	www.doctorswithoutborders.org /ng/ep2/ep2_region.html (1044 words)

	Ancient Egypt - Geography: through 1886 (Pre-Aswan Dam)
		Emanating from Lake Victoria (3720 feet), the Nile flows through Lake Albert (2030 feet) of western Uganda, and northward through southern Sudan as the Mountain Nile to Lake No. Here several smaller tributaries join the river forming the White Nile which flows quietly through the grassy plains of central Sudan to Khartoum.
		The Blue Nile drains the high mountains (13,000+ feet) of Ethiopia, with the help of the Atbara River, which flows into the Nile approximately 150 miles north of Khartoum.
		The Upper Nile valley is one great waterway, with insignificantly small irrigation canals scattered along its length.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /stc-link/AE/geography.html (684 words)

	Committee on Conscience \| Analysis \| Briefing on Sudan: Fighting in Western Upper Nile and the Prospects for Peace
		But the scale of the government offensive in Western Upper Nile casts into doubt the very basis of the Machakos talks, which is a good-faith determination to achieve a just peace.
		Second, the fighting highlights that we have to understand better the spoiler role that the government-supported militias in the Western Upper Nile oil fields can play, are playing and will play, not just while these negotiations are going on, but also if a peace agreement is signed.
		But Khartoum is doing what it is doing in Western Upper Nile and other places, in my view, to find a way of frustrating the mediators, the international community, give up on Sudan.
	www.ushmm.org /conscience/analysis/details.php?content=2003-02-05&menupage=Sudan (14617 words)

	River Nile Cruise plus Cairo and Pyramids, Egypt
		We are pleased to offer this wonderful combination of a relaxing deluxe cruise on the timeless, romantic Nile with a visit to the stunning temple at Abu Simbel (one of Egypt's most striking sites) and a cruise on the open waters of Lake Nasser.
		The most dramatic of all the sights in this remote area is the famous temple at Abu Simbel, where in the 1960s a team of engineers rescued the temples and statues built by Ramses II from the rising waters after the damming of the Nile at Aswan.
		Sail to Kasr Ibrim and visit the upper temple here and the ruins of the ancient citadel and an orthodox cathedral, which was transformed into a mosque in the 14th century.
	www.cruisingholidays.co.uk /nile.aspx?nid=T211 (563 words)

	Upper Nile Region Diorama \| American Museum of Natural History
		Fires such as the one at right in this scene were sometimes deliberately set by local tribesmen to open the ground for easier hunting and to stimulate new growth of grasses.
		Earthen nests built by termites are a common sight in the Upper Nile Valley.
		Also appearing, in the sky are a pair of comb ducks Sarkidiornis melanotus (far left), flying behind a flock of three whiteface ducks Dendrogyona viduata; a pair of saddle billed storks Ephippior hynuchus sene galensis (far shore): in the river, white pelicans Pelecanus gnocrotalus; and an African kite Mulucus migrans, flying at extreme right.
	www.amnh.org /exhibitions/dioramas/uppernile (525 words)

	Egypt: Destinations - The Upper Nile Valley from Talla to Qena
		Upper Nile Valley from South of El-Minya to Qena
		This area of the Nile River Valley represents the Northern region of Upper Egypt (Southern).
		It is interesting from the standpoint that the area contains some of the oldest artifacts and the capital of the Old Kingdom, but also has a rich Christian and Islamic tradition.
	www.touregypt.net /Nileb.htm (99 words)

	MSF Hong Kong - News and Special Reports
		Little has changed when you look at the health of the populations of the Upper Nile, a region particularly affected by the conflict.
		MSF's clinics in Upper Nile are running at full capacity to provide basic health care to the population, but still can just reach a small portion of the population.
		It is of the utmost importance to exploit the window of opportunity brought by the peace agreement put an end to the suffering of the people in Upper Nile.
	www.msf.org.hk /news/special_upper_Nile_stories.htm (388 words)

	Toward Freedom - Oil and Violence in Sudan Drilling, Poverty and Death in Upper Nile State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Displaced residents of Upper Nile State had reason to hope for dramatic change after the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in January 2005 between the Government of Sudan and the SPLM.
		For the next 20 years, the fields in Western Upper Nile were to be the main focus of interest for the Sudanese oil industry.
		Most of Upper Nile consists of fl cotton soil that is swampy in the wet season and forms deep cracks in the dry season.
	towardfreedom.com /home/content/view/1016/1 (3420 words)

	Nile River
		The Blue Nile, originating in Ethiopia, joins the White Nile at Khartoum, Sudan; from this point the Nile runs northward through Sudan and Egypt and empties into the Mediterranean Sea.
		The Nile is the longest river in the world, measuring 6695 km (4160 mi) from its remotest headstream in Burundi to its mouth at the Mediterranean Sea.
		II The Ruvyironza River of Burundi is regarded as the ultimate source of the Nile.
	www.multimedia-publishing.com /nile_river.htm (1277 words)

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