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	Palatinate
		The Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz) is a larger area 300 km to the east, containing the cities of Regensburg and Amberg.
		In the Golden Bull of 1356, the Palatinate was made one of the secular electorates, and given the hereditary offices of Archsteward of the Empire and Imperial Vicar of the western half of Germany.
		Due to the practice of division of territories among different branches of the family, by the early 16th century junior lines of the Palatine Wittelsbachs came to rule in Simmern[?], Kaiserslautern[?], and Zweibrücken[?] in the Lower Palatinate, and in Neuburg[?] and Sulzbach[?] in the Upper Palatinate.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pa/Palatinate.html (668 words)

	Bavaria - LoveToKnow 1911
		The smaller or western portion, the Palatinate, is bounded on the E. by the Rhine, which divides it from the grandduchy of Baden, on the S. by Alsace, and on the W. and N. by a lofty range of hills, the Haardtgebirge, which separate it from Lorraine and the Prussian Rhine province.
		The districts of Lower Bavaria, Upper Bavaria and the Upper Palatinate are almost wholly Roman Catholic, while in the Rhine Palatinate, Upper Franconia, and especially Middle Franconia, the preponderance is on the side of the Protestants.
		Albert's rival was George's son-in-law, Rupert, formerly bishop of Freising, and son of Philip, count palatine of the Rhine; and the emperor Maximilian I., interested as archduke of Austria and count of Tirol, interfered in the dispute.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Bavaria (9169 words)

	The Kingdom of Bavaria
		Its tributaries in Bavaria from the south are the Iller, a stream rich in fish, the Lech, the Isar, and the Inn; from the north its tributaries are the Wörnitz, the Altmühl, the Regen, and the Vils.
		Farming in lower Bavaria and cattle-breeding in Swabia, Upper Bavaria, and Middle Franconia are the chief occupations, while the wines of Franconia and the Palatinate and the fruit and vegetables of Bamberg have a high reputation.
		Among the authorities for the Rhine Palatinate are: Häusser, "Geschichte der rheinischen Pfalz" (Heidelberg, 1845), 2 vols.; Remling, "Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer" (Mainz, 1852), 4 vols.; Hilgard, "Urkendenbuch zur Geschichte der Stadt Speyer" (Strasburg, 1885); Molitor "Urkendebuch bezüglich zur Geschichte der Stadt Zweibrücken" (Zweibrucken, 1888).
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/b/bavaria,kingdom_of.html (4068 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Rhenish Palatinate
		In the Carlovingian period the count palatine was merely the representative of the king in the high court of justice.
		For the Palatinate little was gained by the war, which lasted until 1505; only the city of Neuburg on the Danube with its environs was ceded to the sons of Rupprecht, who had fallen in battle, as the "New Palatinate", while the rest was given to Upper Bavaria.
		The occupation of the Palatinate by the French (1688-89) was also to the advantage of the Catholics, as the French gave them complete or joint possession of a number of churches, and the title to the property thus attained by the Catholics in many places was upheld by the Peace of Ryswick.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11415b.htm (1900 words)

	Palatinate 14th-18th Centuries (Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Upper Palatinate and the electoral vote were taken from Frederick and transferred to Bavaria, but at the Peace of Westphalia (1648) a new vote was created for Frederick's successor, Charles Louis, and the Rhenish lands, devastated in the war, were returned to his control.
		In 1803, Maximilian ceded the palatine lands east of the Rhine to Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, and Nassau, but in 1806 he became king of a much-enlarged Bavaria, and at the Congress of Vienna (1815) he recovered part of the Rhenish Palatinate west of the Rhine, including Speyer and other enclaves.
		The Palatinate continued to be ruled by Bavaria (as an exclave) until 1945 when the area became a part of the new state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/de-pf_hi.html (930 words)

	Bavaria - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Bavaria is divided into seven administrative districts: Upper and Lower Bavaria; Upper, Middle, and Lower Franconia ; Swabia ; and the Upper Palatinate.
		Upper Bavaria, with Munich as its capital, rises to the Bavarian Alps, along the Austrian border, and culminates in the Zugspitze, Germany's highest peak.
		The Rhenish Palatinate was separated from Bavaria and was later made part of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-bavaria.html (1391 words)

	Palatinate. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Rhenish Palatinate flourished in the 15th and 16th cent., and its capital, Heidelberg, was a center of the German Renaissance and Reformation.
		The election (1619) of Elector Frederick V (see Frederick the Winter King) as king of Bohemia precipitated the Thirty Years War, in which the Palatinate was ravaged both by the imperial forces under Tilly and by the Protestant army under Mansfeld.
		In 1803, Maximilian ceded the palatine lands E of the Rhine to Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, and Nassau, but in 1806 he became king of a much-enlarged Bavaria, and at the Congress of Vienna (1815) he recovered part of the Rhenish Palatinate W of the Rhine, including Speyer and other enclaves.
	www.bartleby.com /65/pa/Palatina.html (628 words)

	Location of the Palatinate/s in the German Nations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Palatinate is a native or inhabitant of the Palatinate, a district west of the Rhine." I guess the residents of UP & LPE no longer call themselves Pfalzers.
		Palatine is one of the 7 hills on which Rome was built.
		Palatine a native or inhabitant of the Palatinate, a district west of the Rhine." I gather from meaning #2 that a county Palatine (like Lancashire England) means a county that has the right to self government -- sovereign except in foreign matters.
	members.fortunecity.com /kilian3/Killian/palatinate.html (1337 words)

	The Palatine - Palatinate
		The slope of the Palatine forest (Pfaelzer Wald) is one of the biggest wine-producing areas in Germany.
		The Palatinate became one of the principal battlegrounds, and Frederick lost the Upper Palatinate and the electoral vote to the duke of Bavaria.
		The Palatinate was devastated in 1688-89 by the troops of Louis XIV in the War of the Grand Alliance.
	naff.bravepages.com /palatine.html (509 words)

	Palatinate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A palatinate is a territory administered by a count palatine, originally the direct representative of the sovereign, but later the hereditary ruler of the territory subject to the crown's overlordship.
		During a later division of territory among the heirs of Duke Louis II of Upper Bavaria in 1294, the elder branch of the Wittelsbachs came into possession of both the Rhenish Palatinate and the territories in the Bavarian "Nordgau" (Bavaria north of the Danube river) with the centre around the town of Amberg.
		In the Golden Bull of 1356, the Palatinate was recognized as one of the secular electorates, and given the hereditary offices of Archsteward (Erztruchseß) of the Empire and Imperial Vicar (Reichsverweser) of the western half of Germany.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Palatinate (1062 words)

	Early Germans
		The Palatinate was originally a feudal district whose ruler, the Count Palatine, a prince of the Holy Roman Empire, exercised all prerogatives of a king.
		The first Count Palatine ruled from 945 until 996, and although the office was not hereditary it appears to have been held mainly by his descendants until the death of Count Herman III in 1155.
		In 1214, on the death of the reigning count, the Palatinate was given by the German King Frederick II to Otto, the infant son of Louis I, Duke of Bavaria.
	www.enerspace.com /early_germans.htm (2701 words)

	New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. II: Basilica - Chambers \| Christian Classics Ethereal ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Upper Bavaria received its first Protestant citizens in the early part of the nineteenth century, but in consequence of the rapid growth of Munich in recent years the Protestants of that city alone numbered 78,000 in 1900.
		The Upper Palatinate was not completely converted to Roman Catholicism in 1622–28, since the duchy of Sulzbach and the imperial city of Regensburg retained congregations of both confessions who used the same churches; but with the increase in population the proportion of Protestants steadily declined.
		The Reformed Church in the Palatinate first regained official recognition together with the Lutherans at the general consistory at Worms in 1815, and the Bavarian government created a consistory at Speyer on Dec. 15, 1818, for the "Protestant Churches of the Palatinate," a presbyterial and synodical constitution being introduced at the same time.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/encyc02.bavaria.html (917 words)

	Jacob Diery-Derry, The Palatine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Palatinate, Or German PFALZ, was, in German history, the lands of the Count Palatine, a title held by a leading secular prince of the Holy Roman Empire.
		Geographically, the Palatinate was divided between two small territorial clusters: the Rhenish, or Lower Palatinate, and the Upper Palatinate.
		The Upper Palatinate was located in northern Bavaria, on both sides of the Naab River as it flows south toward the Danube, and extended eastward to the Bohemian Forest.
	www.fullmooncustomcycles.com /Jacob_Diery-Derry.html (769 words)

	AllRefer.com - Palatinate, Germany (German Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Rheinpfalz or Niederpfalz), often called simply the Palatinate, is a district (c.2,100 sq mi/5,440 sq km) of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate (Ger.
		The Rhenish Palatinate extends from the left bank of the Rhine and borders in the S on France and in the W on the Saarland and Luxembourg.
		The name of the two regions came from the office known as count palatine, a title used in the Holy Roman Empire to denote the secular prince who ruled a region in the absence of the Holy Roman Emperor; the title was used in other European countries during the medieval and early modern periods.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Palatina.html (294 words)

	Wittelsbach. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		After the defeat of the elector palatine, known as Frederick the Winter King of Bohemia, his electoral voice was transferred (1623) to Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria, who also received the Upper Palatinate.
		He was succeeded by the duke palatine of Zweibrücken, senior member of the Palatinate branch, who thus united all Wittelsbach lands under his sole rule and who in 1806 became king of Bavaria as Maximilian I.
		Empress Elizabeth of Austria, wife of Francis Joseph, and Queen Elizabeth of the Belgians, consort of Albert I, issued from a collateral line of the dynasty, and the Wittelsbachs have intermarried for centuries with all the royal families of Europe.
	www.bartleby.com /65/wi/Wittelsb.html (573 words)

	German Genealogy: Rheinland-Pfalz/Rhineland-Palatinate, the History
		In legend, the Palatine Hill in Rome was said to be the one on whose foot the twins Romulus and Remus were deposited when they escaped the flood of the Tiber River.
		This territory, called the Rhenish or Lower Palatinate [German, Pfalz], was gathered on both sides of the Rhine River between the Main and the Neckar, with its capital at Heidelberg until the 18th century.
		After this event, the Palatinate's power grew and it became the leading state in the empire, a fact which was recognized by making its ruler an hereditary elector in 1356.
	www.genealogienetz.de /reg/RHE-PFA/rhein-p-his.html (1235 words)

	CHAPTER I Our German History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Upper Palatinate was the sight of many battles and was heavily damaged were villages were repeatedly burnt down.
		Modern day Upper Palatinate is described as an administrative district between the Fichtelmountains Fichtelgebirge and the Lower Bavarian hill country, between the Czech border and the Frankenalb, with riches only in the extreme south, somewhat bare and withdrawn in the center and in the north, our Upper Palatinate covers 9691 square kilometres.
		The inhabitants of the Upper Palatinate are said to be little talkative but once they are convinced of something they can be very persistent and effective in their actions.
	home.comcast.net /~alsturm/Wurzeln/chapter_i_our_german_history.htm (8900 words)

	Lauser Notes
		The Pfaltz Valley is in the Palatinate, in the southwestern part of Germany, dissected by the Rhine River.
		The historical Electoral Palatinate was a much larger territory than that which later became known as the Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz), on the left bank of the Rhine.
		The territorial authority of the count palatine was reduced to his counties along the Rhine, from then on called County Palatine of the Rhine.
	www.ortlauserfamilies.org /lauser_notes.htm (862 words)

	Upper Palatinate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The capital of the Upper Palatinate was Amberg.
		As a result of the Elector Palatine Frederick V's abortive claim to the Bohemian throne in 1619-20, the Upper Palatinate, along with the rest of his lands, were declared forfeit to the Emperor and, along with the Electoral title, given to the Duke of Bavaria.
		Although the Lower Palatinate was restored to Frederick's son by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the Upper Palatinate remained under the Elector of Bavaria, and has remained a part of Bavaria ever since.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Upper_Palatinate (280 words)

	The German Palatinate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The first Count Palatine of the Rhine was Hermann I, who received the office in 945.
		Frederick was driven from Bohemia and in 1623, deposed as Elector Palatine.
		It defines "Palatinate" as: the territory of a Palatine".
	hometown.aol.com /doughinkel/palatinate.html (1433 words)

	Hendrick Mattice, 1709, Early Immigration, Immigration
		The Rhenish Palatinate which historically comprised territory for the most part west of the Rhine River in central Germany, was in 1947 incorporated into the west German State of the Rhineland-Palatinate.
		The Upper, or Bavarian, Palatinate is the region west of Bohemia and north of the Danube River.
		The name Palatainate is derived from the ancient and medieval office of count palatine, a nobleman who held judical powers and had charge of the various imperial castles where Holy Roman emperors stayed while traveling; hence the term became associated with the districts where the counts palatine were sovereign representatives.
	www.fortunecity.com /millenium/greendale/152/hhnotes.htm (345 words)

	Page 1
		In simple terms a Palatine is an inhabitant of a German area known as Palatinate which is nestled in the hills of vineyards along the west side of the Rhine River and is presently found in what is called the Rhineland-Palatinate [Pfalz]area in the year 2000.
		In 1214 the Palatinate was given to the Wittelsbach and their lands border was west of the Rhine River to the French border which included parts of Baden and Hesse [but not Speyer] down to Saaarland, Bavaria, which took in east of Czechoslovakia by the Bohemian Forest
		In 1803 Maximillian ceded the Palatinate lands east of the Rhine River to Baden, Hesse and Nassau.
	www.remmick.org /Palatinate/Page1.html (3615 words)

	The Palatinate (die Pfalz)
		The Palatinate is a region in southwestern Germany.
		The Palatinate was a center both of the Protestant Reformation (it was at the Palatine city of Worms that Luther refused to recant) and of the Catholic Counterreformation.
		In 1801 the Palatinate was divided among three kingdoms: The Rheinpfalz west of the Rhine went to France.
	jrhuber.com /pfalz.htm (406 words)

	The Thirty Years War: The Palatinate and Westphalia
		In this compact, the Palatinate was placed under truce until July 1621 and the Union formally abandoned the defense of the Palatinate unless Frederick should renounce his pretensions to the Bohemian throne.
		Although the Battle of White Mountain had sealed the fate of Frederick’s Bohemian possessions and Spínola’s attacks his lands in the Rhenish Palatinate, there still remained to him one German county: the Upper Palatinate, lying between Bohemia and Bavaria.
		Mansfeldt, having fled the Upper Palatinate, turned his face toward the Lower.
	www.pipeline.com /~cwa/Palatine_Phase.htm (1853 words)

	Upper Palatinate
		Oberpfalz/Upper Palatinate is an area in the north east corner of nowadays Bayern/Bavaria (towards the border to Tschechien).
		It was built in 1410 by division of Pfalz/Palatinate in four parts (the four sons of Elector and Roman King Ruprecht).
		In 1648 Oberpfalz/Upper Palatinate was lost again and became bavarian.
	www.krebs-onl.de /pfalz/upper.htm (121 words)

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