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Topic: Upper Silesia

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	SILESIA - LoveToKnow Article on SILESIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The decisive factor in the separation of Silesia from Poland was furnished by a partition of the Polish crowns territories in 1138.
		Silesia is divided by a projecting limb of Moravia into two small parts of territory, of which the western part is flanked by the Sudetic mountains, namely the Altvater Gebirge; while the eastern part is flanked by the Carpathians, namely the Jablunka Gebirge with their highest peak the Lissa Hora (4346 ft.).
		Silesia, and by the Oder, with its affluents the Oppa and the Olsa.
	3.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SI/SILESIA.htm (5079 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Silesia
		In the earliest period Silesia was inhabited by Germans, the tribes being the Lygii and the Silingii.
		In 999 Silesia was conquered by the Poles.
		During the decade of the forties the sect of "German Catholics" developed from Silesia as the starting-point; this sect was founded at Laurahutte in Upper Silesia by the ex-chaplain, John Ronge.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13790b.htm (1447 words)

	Printable Version on Encyclopedia.com
		Except in the south, Silesia is largely an agricultural and forested lowland, drained by the Oder and its tributaries.
		Silesia, with Moravia, was temporarily detached from the Bohemian crown and was ruled by Hungary.
		By the Treaty of Berlin (1742), Maria Theresa ceded all of Silesia except Teschen and present Czech Silesia to Prussia; this cession was ratified by the Treaty of Dresden (1745).
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:silesia (1152 words)

	Silesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Silesia was originally a Polish province that became a possession of the Bohemian crown in 1335, passed with that crown to the Austrian Habsburgs in 1526, was taken by Prussia in 1742, and was returned to Poland in 1945.
		Silesia is now divided into nine Polish provinces, with capitals at Katowice, Bielsko-Biala, Opole, Wroclaw (Breslau), Walbrzych, Legnica, Jelenia Góra, Zielona Góra, and Kalisz; the remainder forms part of Brandenburg and Saxony Länder (states) of Germany and part of the Severomoravský kraj (region) of the Czech Republic.
		Silesia was subsequently reacquired by Bohemia, however, and it passed to the Habsburgs in 1526 with the accession of the Austrian archduke Ferdinand (later Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand I) to the Bohemian throne.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/Silesia/Silesia.html (1141 words)

	Silesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 990 Silesia was incorporated into Poland by Mieszko I (although some historians are moving the date to 999 and rule of Boleslaus I, duke of the Polanie (Polans; from "pole" - "a field") and later king of Poland).
		In 1327, Duke Henry VI of Wroclaw and the Upper Silesian dukes recognized the overlordship of the king of Bohemia (John of Luxemburg).
		Silesia remained part of the lands of the Bohemian crown until 1742, under kings of Czech, Polish and German dynasties.
	usapedia.com /s/silesia.html (1816 words)

	History of Silesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Silesia/ which was divided in 1202 into Lower and Upper Silesia /, became in the 14th century one of the richest countries of Europe, being strictly connected with the Czech Kingdom.
		In 1526 Silesia, previously part of the Czech Kingdom/ since 1339/ became part of the Hapsburg monarchy and after 1742 it became Prussian, except the southern part of Upper Silesia which remained under Austrian rule /the so-called Austrian Silesia/.
		Due to mentioned German colonization, the Lower Silesia /western part of the region/ became German in the 19th century in terms of nationality, whilst the Upper Silesia /both its Prussian and Austrian parts/ in the majority remained Slavic.
	www.rams.pl /ras/RuchAutonomiiSlaska/eng/history/HistoryofSilesia.htm (676 words)

	ipedia.com: Upper Silesia Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Upper Silesia is the south-eastern part of Silesia, an historical and geographical region in Poland and the Czech Republic.
		Upper Silesia (Polish Górny Śląsk, German Oberschlesien) is the south-eastern part of Silesia, an historical and geographical region in Poland (Opole Voivodship and Silesian Voivodship) and the Czech Republic (Silesian-Moravian Region).
		Upper Silesia was formerly a Prussian province, later Autonomous Silesian Voivodship.
	www.ipedia.com /upper_silesia.html (177 words)

	BSP: Newsletter 96:2:pq6 Poland - Upper Silesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Upper Silesia covers 6650 m2 (2.1% of Poland) with a population of 3.9 million (10.6% of the total Polish population).
		The concentration of industrial plants in the area of Katowice (the capital of Upper Silesia) province is one of the highest in the world (one industrial plant per 2.2 km2).
		In Poland, infant mortality is in the range of 15, in Silesia 16.2, in Rozbark, a district of a heavily industrialised city Bytom 53.
	www.b-s-p.org /bspnews/962/962-16.htm (413 words)

	The Social/Cultural Society of the Germans in the Opole District
		Silesia: in the course of a millennium of history under the rule of different states and empires, unites the cultural heritage...
		Silesia: in the course of a millennium of history under the rule of different states and empires, unites the cultural heritage of numerous peoples and dynasties.
		The Hultschin district in the South of Upper Silesia was ceded to the new state of Czechoslovakia without referendum.
	www.tskn.vdg.pl /en/en_history.htm (915 words)

	SILESIA - Online Information article about SILESIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		bishop of Breslau, are predominant in Upper Silesia and Glatz; the Protestants prevail in Lower Silesia, to the west of the Oder, and in Lusatia.
		In 1815 it was enlarged by a portion of Lusatia, which had become detached from Silesia as far back as the rrth century and since then had been annexed to the kingdom of Saxony.
		The province is traversed by the Vistula, which rises in the Carpathians within eastern Silesia, and by the Oder, with its affluents the Oppa and the Olsa.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SHA_SIV/SILESIA.html (4849 words)

	szczep
		Thorough the centuries Upper Silesia, and its various regions have changed their national status time and again, has been the place of contact or collision of many cultures, has found itself in the domain of influence of various political and economic systems.
		In the area of Upper Silesia, the consequences of the urbanization and industrialization of the region organized by the German at the turn of the century are in existence and have their own dynamics.
		Upper Silesia is not only one of the most degraded regions of Poland but also one of the problematic areas of Europe.
	www.sunderland.ac.uk /~os0hva/szep.htm (6235 words)

	Silesia on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Mining and hydrological transformations in Upper Silesia from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century.
		Upper Silesia was the center of Polish coalmining.
		Upper Silesia was the center of Polish coalmining.Keywords:kid children girl 3 to 13 years people person juvenile child child 3 to 13 years girl human being population childhood teenage boy
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s/silesia.asp (1868 words)

	Silesian - TheBestLinks.com - Czech Republic, Czech language, Dialect, Ethnologue, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Silesian (Upper Silesian) is spoken by the Silesian ethnic group (both Polish, Silesian and German nationalities) living in the region of Upper Silesia.
		Silesian is spoken in the region of Silesia in south-western Poland and north-eastern Czech Republic and in a couple of place all around the world.
		At present the Silesian is commonly spoken in the area between historical border of Silesia on the east, and line Sycow - Prudnik on the west, as well as in Rawicz area (Chazacy).
	www.thebestlinks.com /Silesian.html (511 words)

	Eastern Silesia 1918 - 1920
		This decision incensed the Czechoslovak legions in Russia.
		Because the Eastern Silesia was last area with unknown borders in Bohemia/Moravia, it was needed to wait with the monetary reform replacing the Austrian currency with the Czechoslovak one for a setting of borders.
		Because the Parisian Conference set the borders in Eastern Silesia and exact date of their validity, the Czechoslovak Finance Minister Rašín was allowed to prepare the monetary reform for Feb. 26, 1919.
	czechphilatelist.tripod.com /snejdarek (3705 words)

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		Especially in Upper Silesia modern architecture - also called "International Style" was instrumentalized in the nationalist contest for the mutual boasting of national cultural achievements and the demonstration of progress and economic dynamism.
		In 1931 in Oppeln (Opole), there was erected a new seat for the government of the Prussian province Upper Silesia, and this occurred according to a modern architectural scheme presented by the governmental architect Lehmann.
		Furthermore, both parts of Silesia and of the German Provinz Posen shared a common psychological barrier as border provinces which, on the one hand, wanted to overtop their not-beloved neighbor, and on the other hand had to promote themselves within their own countries.
	www.artmargins.com /content/feature/stortkuhl.html (4333 words)

	H-Net Review: Catherine Epstein on Die Grenzen der Nationen: Identitätenwandel in ...
		Upper Silesia's past and present ethnic, religious, and political complexities have led to a fascinating range of responses to the nationalizing impulse.
		The rest of Upper Silesia was divided between Germany and Poland.
		Upper Silesians, for example, were not only removed from positions of local political power, but were also hindered in their educational and professional advancement.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=85641088555981 (1731 words)

	Our patron Wojciech Korfanty
		Wojciech Korfanty (1873-1939) was a political leader who played a major role in the national reawakening of the Poles of Upper Silesia and who led their struggle for independence from Germany.
		He was a Polish nationalist and activist, known for his irredentist policies after World War I. He was opposed to the policy of Germanisation in Upper Silesia before the war, and was one of the chief advocates of returning Upper Silesia to Poland after the war.
		Korfanty defended the rights of German minority in Upper Silesia, because he believed that the prosperity of minorities enriches the whole society of the region.
	www.g3siemianowice.internetdsl.pl /angielski/Patrona.html (487 words)

	Silesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		of Saxony was incoporated into Silesia, while the northernmost part of Silesia, the enclave of Swiebodzin (Schwiebus) became part of the Province of Brandenburg (marked in red on the map of Brandenburg).
		German inhabitants of the province either escaped or were expelled from Silesia after 1945 and Poles from the formerly Polish regions in the East settled there.
		The map shows the territory of Silesia at the beginning of the 20th century.
	www.polishroots.org /genpoland/sil.htm (290 words)

	lore_history11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		During this period, the Silesians are said to have formed their ethnic identity; they then constituted about half the population of Upper Silesia, with Germans being about 45 percent and Moravians the remainder.
		For the Silesians, it would be their own homeland; for the Germans, it would exempt the rich industrial area of Upper Silesia from wartime reparations.
		The Treaty of Versailles, which ended the war, ordered a plebiscite in Upper Silesia to determine if the area should be part of Germany or of Poland.
	www.ajploch.org /lore_history11.html (741 words)

	Part I: First Polish Americans Find Hope in Texas
		Poverty: Upper Silesia was a region known for the poverty of its peasant class.
		At the same time, Upper Silesia was hit by a potato blight that caused potatoes, a staple in the Polish diet, to rot in the fields.
		With virtually all the Upper Silesian immigrants settled in Texas by early 1857, the next 5 years were a trial - not only of their ability to adapt to the new social and physical environment, but also to their capacity to stick together as a social group.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /classroom/PM/PM.html (10163 words)

	Silesia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A.D. 500, and Silesia was an integral part of Poland by the 11th cent.
		King Boleslaus III (reigned 1102–38), of the Piast dynasty, divided Poland into four hereditary duchies (of which Silesia was one) for the benefit of his sons.
		The Thirty Years War (1618–48) brought untold misery to Silesia under successive Saxon, imperial, and Swedish occupation.
	www.bartleby.com /65/si/Silesia.html (1189 words)

	instytut historii english version
		The Archeology and Prehistory of Silesia-Region (mostly the Upper Silesia in the Stone Age and Middle Ages)
		Project description: Studies are focused on the issues of ecclesiastical stucture in Upper Silesia during the Middle Ages, the period of the reign of Przemyślidzi from Opava, history of Silesian cartography, urban heraldry, settlements in Upper Silesia and the "break" in Silesian history in 13-th Century
		Research is focused on: the consequences of World War II for the Upper Silesia, demographic structure of the voivodeship, the local State machine, social and political life in the region, developments in economy.
	www.us.edu.pl /uniwersytet/jednostki/wydzialy/wns/historia/english.html (720 words)

	National Identity and Weimar Germany: Upper Silesia and the Eastern Border, 1918-1922:0803244290:Tooley, T. ...
		Plebiscites were held during 1920 and 1921 in areas of mixed ethnicity: Germans and Danes in Schleswig, Germans and Poles in the districts of Allenstein and Marienwerder and in Upper Silesia.
		In this work, T. Hunt Tooley examines the German attempt to influence the outcome in Upper Silesia in March 1921 -- within the constraints of the Treaty of Versailles, which forbade the national states involved to make such attempts.
		We see the first international effort of a defeated Germany, acting through the new Weimar government, to face issues concerning the definition of the new national state, of citizenship, and of what it meant to be German.
	www.ecampus.com /bk_detail.asp?isbn=0803244290 (198 words)

	News - Exhibition and Scientific Session The DisplacedNew Society in Warmia and Mazury 1945-1949”, Olsztyn, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Deportations of the Upper Silesians to the USSR in 1945
		On the 18th of November 2003 in the Upper Silesia Museum in Bytom, exhibition “Deportations of the Upper Silesians to the USSR in 1945” was opened.
		Micha³ Czarski — Marchal of Voivodeship of Silesia, Mr.
	www.ipn.gov.pl /eng/eng_news_high_silesia.html (534 words)

	Partition of Upper Silesia decided (October 1921) - Biografie Willy Brandt
		Even after the conclusion of the Versailles Peace Treaty the Polish minority in Upper Silesia protested against the political and territorial dominance of the German ethnic majority.
		Against this background the League of Nations Commission, on 20 October 1921, follows a recommendation of the League of Nations Council and decides that the portion of Upper Silesia belonging until then to the German Reich should be partitioned between Germany and Poland.
		The partition of Upper Silesia unleashes a wave of indignation in Germany.
	www.willy-brandt.org /bwbs_biografie/index.php?l=en&p=wg&m=2&id=748 (188 words)

	Silesian Autonomy Movement - Ruch Autonomi Slaska
		Silesia is a Central European country partitioned between three states: Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany.
		Upper Silesia - 18.400 sq.km).It borders Saxony and Brandenburg (Germany), Wielkopolska and Małopolska (Poland), Moravia and Bohemia (the Czech Republic) and Slovakia.
		The situation is different in Upper Silesia, where about 40% of the inhabitants are ethnic Silesians.
	www.republikasilesia.com /RAS (920 words)

	Mixed identities in Upper Silesia - 02-01-2004 - Radio Prague
		The constant shifting of Silesia across Polish and German borders over several centuries has created a unique ethnic mix and a regional self-consciousness.
		But after the fall of communism in 1989, they were able to express their long pent-up feelings of national identity.
		Silesia is also close to the hearts of the non-ethnic Germans of Silesia too.
	www.radio.cz /en/article/49035 (685 words)

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