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Topic: Upper Silesian

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	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Silesian
		Silesian (Upper Silesian) is spoken by the Silesian ethnic group (both Polish, Silesian and German nationalities) currently living in the region of Upper Silesia.
		Silesian is spoken in the region of Silesia in south-western Poland and north-eastern Czech Republic and in several other places all around the world.
		At present the Silesian is commonly spoken in the area between historical border of Silesia on the east, and line SycÃ³w - Prudnik on the west, as well as in Rawicz area (Khazaks).
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Silesian (507 words)

	Upper Silesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Upper Silesia (Czech: Horní Slezsko; German: Oberschlesien; Latin: Silesia Superior; Polish: Górny Śląsk; Silesian: Górny Sloonsk) is the southeastern part of Silesia, a historical and geographical region of Poland (Opole Voivodship and Silesian Voivodship) and of the Czech Republic (Silesian-Moravian Region).
		The region is situated in the Silesian highlands, between the upper Oder and upper Vistula rivers.
		Upper Silesia was a province of the Kingdom of Poland in the High Middle Ages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Upper_Silesia (353 words)

	H-Net Review: Catherine Epstein on Die Grenzen der Nationen: Identitätenwandel in ...
		Upper Silesia's past and present ethnic, religious, and political complexities have led to a fascinating range of responses to the nationalizing impulse.
		Upper Silesians, for example, were not only removed from positions of local political power, but were also hindered in their educational and professional advancement.
		A Silesian village, Berlinska notes, is immediately recognizable: the large, whitewashed houses are awash in flowers; spruce and other trees grace carefully tended lawns; and garden dwarves, small wind mills, and inanimate deer and storks dot the landscape.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=85641088555981 (1731 words)

	Silesian Museum - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		On February 6th 1948 at a conference of the directors of Silesian museums in Katowice it was decreed unanimously thet there was the need to construct a new building for the Silesian Museum and the commitee was elected, whose task was specified as the implementation of this construction.
		One of the greatest champions of the cause of restitution of the Silesian Museum in Katowice was the etnographer Józef Ligeza, co-worker of Tadeusz Dobrowolski, later for many years director of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom.
		In 1950 as the result of propietary and organizational changes in Poland, The museum in Bytom was designated as the Upper Silesian Museum and the museum in Wroc³aw as the Silesian Museum (the name retained until 1971, when it was designated a National Museum).
	www.muzeumslaskie.art.pl /ang/muzeum-1.htm (460 words)

	Who is Krystian Lupa?
		Lupa was born in the darkest year of World War II in the Upper Silesian town of Jastrzebie Zdroj, located on the border between Poland and the Czech Republic and a short distance from Auschwitz/Oswiecim.
		Upper Silesia is the most urbanized, industrialized, and prosperous part of Poland, and the so-called Katowice complex of a dozen or more cities at its heart is the largest urban center in the country, with more than double the population of Warsaw.
		While Upper Silesia has suffered some of the world's most severe environmental problems, the area immediately around Jastrebie Zdroj retains one of the most beautiful natural settings in Poland, and stands apart from the rest of the country in part because of the predominance of Protestants (though ethnically Polish) in the region.
	www.amrep.org /articles/4_2/wholupa.html (1864 words)

	szczep
		Thorough the centuries Upper Silesia, and its various regions have changed their national status time and again, has been the place of contact or collision of many cultures, has found itself in the domain of influence of various political and economic systems.
		In the area of Upper Silesia, the consequences of the urbanization and industrialization of the region organized by the German at the turn of the century are in existence and have their own dynamics.
		Upper Silesia is not only one of the most degraded regions of Poland but also one of the problematic areas of Europe.
	www.sunderland.ac.uk /~os0hva/szep.htm (6235 words)

	Polish Ecological Club - Upper Silesian Branch
		PKE's basic aims are to minimize health threats to the inhabitants of Upper Silesia, restore and protect the natural environment, and create conditions for sustainable economic development through a strategy based upon a respect for human and natural resources and the region's historical heritage.
		The PKE Upper Silesian Branch is the largest branch within the structure of the national PKE organization and is organized into 16 local chapters.
		PKE, Upper Silesian Branch, acts as a pressure group through direct action by educating the public and organizing campaigns.
	www.zb.eco.pl /GB/16/pke.htm (538 words)

	The Social/Cultural Society of the Germans in the Opole District
		In 1526, Bohemia with its Silesian provinces fell under rule of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty and remained for 200 years under the influence of Vienna.
		The Hultschin district in the South of Upper Silesia was ceded to the new state of Czechoslovakia without referendum.
		Many German Silesians, still convinced, that the status quo would only be a temporary arrangement, opted under pressure for Polish citizenship to save their lives and belongings.
	www.tskn.vdg.pl /en/en_history.htm (915 words)

	Poland - NATURAL RESOURCES
		The largest coal deposits are located in Upper Silesia in the southwestern part of the country, where large-scale mining began in the nineteenth century.
		Silesian deposits, generally of high quality and easily accessible, accounted for about 75 percent of the country's hard coal resources and 97 percent of its extraction in the 1980s.
		A number of unprofitable Upper Silesian mines also were to be closed in the early 1990s.
	countrystudies.us /poland/48.htm (1224 words)

	languagehat.com: SILESIANS.
		For Berlin, the Silesians became "in-between people" and, for Warsaw, a "nationally labile population." Policies of enforced Germanization and Polonization took hold on either side of the borders of Upper Silesia.
		Silesian is traditionally one of the more distinct dialects in Poland, hard for other Polish speakers to understand (and closely related to Czech Silesian dialects).
		What I read said that many Silesians, Mazurians, and Kashubians held fiercely to their heritages, but many accepted Polonization because of stronger local than national ties and because conditions in Poland were better than in Germany at the time.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/002171.php (882 words)

	History
		After 1922 the Upper Silesian N.G.R. were separated into Polish and German parts, on the Polish side were left 2/3 of total length and a similar part of the rolling stock used.
		In 1955 the most traffic were carried (6022113 ton of cargo and 1789935 passengers, at this time 47,2% and 5,2% respectively of traffic on narrowa gauge railways in the country on...1,6% of the total length of narrow gauge railways in Poland).
		Probably the last investment on the Upper Silesian N.G.R. was connecting Gliwice Trynek station directly with city centre of Gliwice (Gliwice Srodmiescie station) in 1991.
	www.gkw.pl /en-history.htm (1329 words)

	Part I: First Polish Americans Find Hope in Texas
		With virtually all the Upper Silesian immigrants settled in Texas by early 1857, the next 5 years were a trial - not only of their ability to adapt to the new social and physical environment, but also to their capacity to stick together as a social group.
		In 1867, a census conducted by a Polish priest of the Silesian parishes in Texas and indicated that there were 75 families in Panna Maria, 43 in San Antonio, 12 in Bandera, 34 families in Martinez, as well as 13 families in Yorktown, 14 in Coleto, 13 in Victoria and 12 in Inez.
		Relations between the Silesians and their neighboring Americans was tense and grew worse as the war dragged on and the Americans found out that, not only were these foreigners evading the draft, but some of them had even changed sides and were fighting in the Union Army against the Confederacy.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /classroom/PM/PM.html (10163 words)

	geisler
		Silesian elite’s have created the new purposes: to stop degradation of state industry, especially coal mine industry; changing the economy sectors; creating the growth of economy; creating possibility of life-long learning for people who finished work in hard industry sector.
		In the end of 1997 in new silesian voivodship there were 327 thousands of enterprises (it is about 12,6% enterprises from the whole country), from this 263 thousand belonged to private persons and 427 state’s enterprises, which gave loses or had slowly privatisation.
		Silesian voivodship have been in fourth place in the list of enterprises with foreign capital.- 8,6% (first is mazowiecki 33,9%, dolnosl?skie — 10% and wielkopolski 9,1%).
	www.sunderland.ac.uk /~os0hva/geis.htm (5417 words)

	Upper Silesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		'''Upper Silesia''' (Polish Górny &346;l&261;sk, German Oberschlesien, Czech Horní Slezsko) is the south-eastern part of Silesia, a historical and geographical region of Poland (Opole Voivodship and Silesian Voivodship) and of the Czech Republic (Silesian-Moravian Region).
		Total population of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Area is 2,930,000.
		Upper Silesia was formerly a province of Prussia, later the Autonomous Silesian Voivodship.
	upper-silesia.iqnaut.net (155 words)

	"Królowa Luiza" Monumental Coal Mine- history
		Hard coal was the indispensable resource which was needed for the new mine and metallurgical works in Strzybnica; hard coal was used in metallurgical furnaces and to move steam pumps which were draining the mine.
		High costs of the excavations draining and coal transport induced Silesian mining authorities to make a decision to build the Main Key Heritage Adit which was supposed to pump water from the whole mine area and which was to be used to transport coal on boats.
		Establishing Upper Silesian Steel Railway in 1846 and establishing steelworks and coking plant in the area of Zabrze contributed to renewed development of the mine.
	www.luiza.zabrze.pl /historia.php (1131 words)

	Mixed identities in Upper Silesia - 02-01-2004 - Radio Prague
		Twenty-seven year old Bartlomiej Swiderek of the Movement for Silesian Autonomy, set up in 1991, says in a recent regional census the Movement was given proof of support by over 170 thousand local people, who declared they were neither German nor Polish but Silesian.
		Like his German Silesian neighbours, Bartlomiej Swiderek says the love of tradition, the Silesian tongue and family bonds are the main components of his regional identity.
		Silesians identity is private identity realized on the level of community.
	www.radio.cz /en/article/49035 (672 words)

	") newWindow.document.write([Title]) newWindow.document.write(": ") newWindow.document.write([Name]) ...
		Especially in Upper Silesia modern architecture - also called "International Style" was instrumentalized in the nationalist contest for the mutual boasting of national cultural achievements and the demonstration of progress and economic dynamism.
		In 1931 in Oppeln (Opole), there was erected a new seat for the government of the Prussian province Upper Silesia, and this occurred according to a modern architectural scheme presented by the governmental architect Lehmann.
		The Polish Museum was founded in 1929 by the Silesian Parliament to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the new Polish state and Silesias "return to the motherland"; competition 1930.
	www.artmargins.com /content/feature/stortkuhl.html (4333 words)

	Anna M
		Polish propaganda stressed that if Poland won the plebiscite, Silesian Poles would no longer be oppressed or treated as second class citizens as they were in Germany, and they would not lose their old age pensions.
		Silesian born Poles working in the Ruhr were not allowed by their German employers to go and vote.
		In May 1922, the Upper Silesian or Geneva Convention, was worked out by the League of Nations to preserve the economic unity of the area.
	www.ku.edu /~eceurope/hist557/lect11.htm (8706 words)

	Moravosilesian symbols, Czech Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		* The upper hoist field is yellow with the Silesian eagle (fl, yellow crows, red beak and legs, white perisonium with a cross).
		The approved flag is very similar to the proposal, note that the width of the green stripe is specified, and the detailed pattern of the rose is modified.
		The subcommittee, moreover, suggested to the regional authorities to change the fields' arrangements: upper hoist - Silesian eagle, upper fly - horse and rose (= CoA of the city of Ostrava), lower hoist - vertical stripes (red and white = Opavia Principality) and the yellow eagle (= Tessinum Principality), lower fly - Moravian eagle.
	flagspot.net /flags/cz-81-.html (1493 words)

	Upper Silesian Narrow Gauge Railways
		were the backbone of the internal transportation system of Upper Silesian industrial region since the middle of XIXth century.
		In 2002 community of Bytom becomes the owner of the most important part of the railway, while the Upper Silesian Narrow Gauge Association (SGKW) becomes the operator.
		Centres of Upper Silesian cities are connected with attractive
	www.gkw.pl /index-en.htm (188 words)

	Silesian Autonomy Movement - Ruch Autonomi Slaska
		According to sociological research, about 15-20% of Upper Silesian people regard themselves Silesian, and as a nation separate from Poles, Czechs or Germans, but are refused official recognition by the State authorities.
		Upper Silesia - 18.400 sq.km).It borders Saxony and Brandenburg (Germany), Wielkopolska and Małopolska (Poland), Moravia and Bohemia (the Czech Republic) and Slovakia.
		Nowadays the Silesian Autonomy Movement, the Upper Silesians‘ Association and the Silesian Academic Association are very active movements advocating autonomy for Silesia.
	www.republikasilesia.com /RAS (920 words)

	Upper Silesian Youth Münster, Group St. Barbara (German Youth of the East, Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Upper Silesian Youth Münster, Group St. Barbara (German Youth of the East, Germany)
		As the Silesian youth groups mainly contained the Lower Silesians, there were also specific Upper Silesian groups.
		The reverse is divided yellow over blue —the provincial colours—; in the fly there are the inscriptions "Gruppe" and "St. Barbara" in counterchanged colours; at the hoist there is a representation of Saint Barbara —the patron-saint of the miners— on a blue rectangular field.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/de}djo_u.html (161 words)

	Speleogenesis.info :: International journals on karst and cave science
		Thesis stated in the paper, that border zone of Upper Silesian and Malopolska blocks played great role in development of karst morphology in limestone of Smoleń-Niegowonice Range should be proved in areas of Silesian-Cracow Upland lying in the Cracow-Lubliniec fault zone.
		Groundwater runoff in the Upper Jurassic aquifer is formed almost entirely as a result of effective infiltration of precipitation.
		Besides of cave description, lithology of upper part of cave sediments as well as results of palaeozoological investigations are presented.
	www.speleogenesis.info /partners/issue.php?issue_id=14 (2368 words)

	Silesian Museum - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In the initial period after reinstitution of the Silesian Museum in rooms of the other cultural institutions (Bureau of Artistic Exhibitions, Youth Palace, Silesian Theatre, Gallery of the Silesian Library) and since 1988 in its own rooms in 3 Wojciecha Korfantego Ave.
		in Upper Silesia, Son and mother - Andrzej i Krystyna Wróblewscy, Silesian highlanders, From Beskidy to Tatra Mountains - the contemporary painting on glass.
		There were also several historical exhibitions: Silesia 1928, Silesia 1919, Silesia 1920, Silesia 1921 and Silesia 1922- with You Poland, Jerzy Zietek, Monuments of the Silesian insurrections, "Sokół" in Upper Silesia, Silesian choirs in the Polish national movement.
	www.muzeumslaskie.art.pl /ang/muzeum-4.htm (332 words)

	Zbigniew Perski: Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A particular subject of my thesis was “Structural evolution of Lower Paleozoic rocks at the NE periphery of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin on the based of cores data”.
		In: Palaeozoic of North-eastern margin of Upper Silesian Coal Basin, In:, proceedings of the LXV-th Meeting of PTG, Sosnowiec 22-24 September, 154-163 [in Polish].
		Hydrogeological risk caused by mining subsidence and its surveying with SAR interferometry in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland.
	ultra.cto.us.edu.pl /~insar/my/personal.html (1394 words)

	Silesian Uprisings - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the German census of 1900, 65% of the population was recorded as Polish speaking, decreasing to 57% in 1910.
		However, the vote was concerning all of Upper Silesia, and hence was held in all of Upper Silesia, including the predominantly German speaking Upper Silesian areas West of the river.
		Agreements between the Germans and Poles in Upper Silesia and appeals issued by both sides, as well as the despatch of six battalions of Allied troops and the disbandment of the local guards, contributed markedly to the pacification of the district.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Silesian_Uprising (1682 words)

	WWW.RADON.IT - Un sito di approfondimento sul problema e sulle tecniche di misura e risanamento
		Upper Silesia is the region of the extended underground mining industry, mainly of a hard coal, but
		The Upper Silesia is the region strongly affected by
		In the southern and western parts of Upper Silesia, where thick, isolating layers of silts and clays
	www.edilitaly.com /radon/rile/54.php3 (485 words)

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