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Topic: Upper Silesian Industrial Area

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Upper Silesian Metropolitan Area

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	Wikipedia: Katowice
		It is the capital of the administrative and local government region called Silesian Voivodship since 1999, and previously capital of Katowice Voivodship.
		Population 354,000 inhabitants (1999), with an metro area population of 3,487,000 inhabitants (2001).
		The area was occupied by the Poles since the 10th Century, being ruled by Silesian Piasts until Poland's partition in 1795.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/k/ka/katowice.html (255 words)

	Rybnik - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With the intensification of Germanization and anti-Polish politics in the German Empire in the late 19th and early 20th century, the ethnically mixed region of Upper Silesia became affected by growing tensions between German and Polish nationalists.
		The referendum and eventual division of Upper Silesia were accompanied by three Silesian Uprisings, the first of which (in 1919) was centered on Rybnik.
		In contrast to the central part of the Upper Silesian Industry Area a short distance to the north, Rybnik enjoys the reputation of a "green" city having a relatively clean environment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rybnik (1137 words)

	Slaskie - Wikipedia
		The Slaskie (Silesian) voivodship lies in the south of Poland and is bordered by the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
		The Silesian Upland (Wyzyna Slaska) is situated in the central and the north western part, with the hills of the Krakowsko-Czestochowska Upland (Wyzyna Krakowsko-Czestochowska) in the north-eastern area.
		Strong links of the present Silesian voivodship (comprising area known as the Upper Silesia) with the Opolskie and Dolnoslaskie (Lower Silesian) voivodships is justified and motivated by historical identity of the Duchy of Silesia (Ksiestwo Slaskie) divided in the 13th century into the Upper and Lower Silesia.
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Slaskie (759 words)

	Silesian Uprisings - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The area East of the Oder in Upper Silesia was dominated by ethnic Poles, most of whom were lower class.
		However, the vote was concerning all of Upper Silesia, and hence was held in all of Upper Silesia, including the predominantly German speaking Upper Silesian areas West of the river.
		Agreements between the Germans and Poles in Upper Silesia and appeals issued by both sides, as well as the despatch of six battalions of Allied troops and the disbandment of the local guards, contributed markedly to the pacification of the district.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Silesian_Uprisings (1655 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Silesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The industrial area around Katowice comprises such important centers as Bytom, Gliwice, Zabrze, and Częstochowa, and has iron and steel mills, coke ovens, and chemical plants.
		The political division of the Silesian industrial district was carried out so arbitrarily that the boundaries often cut through mines; some workers slept in one country and worked in another.
		Mining and hydrological transformations in Upper Silesia from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s/silesia.asp (1304 words)

	Silesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Silesia was originally a Polish province that became a possession of the Bohemian crown in 1335, passed with that crown to the Austrian Habsburgs in 1526, was taken by Prussia in 1742, and was returned to Poland in 1945.
		Silesia was subsequently reacquired by Bohemia, however, and it passed to the Habsburgs in 1526 with the accession of the Austrian archduke Ferdinand (later Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand I) to the Bohemian throne.
		In Upper (southeastern) Silesia the population was mixed, with Germans concentrated in the towns, Poles in the agricultural areas, and the latter making up a large proportion of the miners and unskilled industrial workers.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/Silesia/Silesia.html (1141 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In the peri-urban areas of Peru, the cholera epidemic of 1991, which was due to inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene, caused over 320,000 cases, 2,600 deaths, and an estimated $1 billion in losses from reduced agricultural and fisheries exports and tourism (World Bank 1992).
		Where industries discharge their untreated water into municipal sewers, the result is damage to the sewer system, often leading to collapse and to interference with municipal treatement systems (where they exist).
		Another impediment to industrial pollution control is that many of the large-scale pollution-intensive industries (for example, mining, paper and pulp, chemicals, iron and steel, and nonferrous metals) are owned and managed by the state or by the politically powerful upper-income elite.
	www-wds.worldbank.org /external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/1994/06/01/000009265_3970128113220/Rendered/INDEX/multi_page.txt (13143 words)

	Commanding Heights : Poland Environmental \| on PBS
		Under Soviet rule, Silesia is the center of coal mining and the coal-fired steel industry.
		The environmental consequences of such intense industrial activity in such a small geographic area are ignored.
		The heavily industrialized, highly populated area of Upper Silesia, which produces roughly 200 million tons of coal a year, is called the "Black Triangle." Severe acid rain all but destroys the area's mountain forests and acidifies the soil.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/commandingheights/lo/countries/pl/pl_env.html (220 words)

	The Social/Cultural Society of the Germans in the Opole District
		The eastern part including Kattowitz and the majority of the mining area was ceded to Poland, the western part remained in Germany as a new administrative district with Opole as capital.
		The Hultschin district in the South of Upper Silesia was ceded to the new state of Czechoslovakia without referendum.
		Many German Silesians, still convinced, that the status quo would only be a temporary arrangement, opted under pressure for Polish citizenship to save their lives and belongings.
	www.tskn.vdg.pl /en/en_history.htm (915 words)

	Beuthen History
		The residents of these areas now had to pay their tax and duties to the seminary, they also were to seek justice not from the castellan or steward but rather from the seminary.
		Furthermore Beuthen is the seat of the Pringsheim division of the public Upper Silesian narrow-gauge railroad (1859), whose track often run parallel to the main railroad's, connecting the mines and works of the industrial district with total track length of 129 km.
		The city is also the seat of the administration of the Upper Silesian cable car, founded in 1892, which, originally being steam powered, has switched to electrical power a couple of years ago.
	vogel-soya.de /Beuthen_History.html (8298 words)

	Poles Apart In Silesia, Poland. Silesian Polish German relationhships (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		This has long been Poland’s main hub of heavy industry, and its coal mines and steelworks were the flagship sector of the communist economy.
		In 2002, the autonomy movement made headlines by achieving official recognition of the Silesian nationality, specifically the right to be listed in the national census conducted that year.
		"It is beyond discussion that the Silesian dialect is a dialect of Polish that survived centuries in an archaic state,” linguistics professor Jan Miodek wrote in the Silesian edition of Gazeta Wyborcza.
	www.masterpage.com.pl /outlook/polesapart.html (1840 words)

	lore_history11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		During this period, the Silesians are said to have formed their ethnic identity; they then constituted about half the population of Upper Silesia, with Germans being about 45 percent and Moravians the remainder.
		Most Silesians spoke the Silesian dialect, a mix of Polish and German, and at least understood standard Polish, while male Silesians also spoke standard German (this was less true of the women because they didn't participate much in public life until after World War I).
		For the Silesians, it would be their own homeland; for the Germans, it would exempt the rich industrial area of Upper Silesia from wartime reparations.
	www.ajploch.org /lore_history11.html (741 words)

	Dissecting the Holocaust: Air Photo Evidence
		In estimating the surface area required for mass graves, it must be kept in mind that the soil excavated takes up a greater volume than the graves themselves do, due to the loosening of the soil.
		It took the Allied landing in Italy in autumn of 1943 before the Americans were able to bomb the industrial area of Upper Silesia; Allied reconnaissance flights over this area therefore did not begin until the winter of 1943/44.
		Due to the area required for the excavated material, which in realistic terms is much greater than the theoretical minimum areas calculated in Table 1, 10,000 bodies need at least 4,000m2 (43,000 sq.ft.).
	www.codoh.com /found/fndaerial.html (4558 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Upper Silesian area, with Katowice at its centre, is the most industrialized region of Poland.
		The region is heavily polluted, mainly as a result of emissions from industrial sources, although air pollution from domestic coal-burning stoves is also significant.
		The non-ferrous metal industries, especially plants producing lead and zinc, are responsible for a substantial proportion of the pollution.
	www.ciesin.org /docs/001-232/box55.html (498 words)

	Europe
		Industrial and agricultural pollution has also affected food safety; the Upper Silesian Industrial Area is one of the most polluted in Europe, where the amounts of lead, cadmium and mercury in vegetables "are many times in excess of the highest permitted levels" (Szponar et al., n.d.: 36-37).
		In both regions, transformations in agriculture are having multiple and divergent effects on farm women, on the one hand pushing them out of farming or reducing their farm-level responsibilities and increasing the precariousness of their existence; and on the other hand opening up new possibilities for professionalization and independence.
		In the EU as a whole, rural areas represent 80 percent of the total land area and contain 25 percent of the population (van Depoele, 1995).
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/W8376E/w8376e06.htm (8705 words)

	The Avalon Project : Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Vol. 19 Day 184
		The establishment of protected industries, which prevented the withdrawal of workers and their transfer to Germany, and the removal of single branches of production to France, Belgium, and Holland permitted the objective-that is, satisfaction of the requirements of the German economy-to be attained in a manner which was legally unobjectionable.
		To use the fact of the employment of prisoners of war in the armament industry to conclude a violation on a large scale of the regulations of the Geneva Prisoners of War Convention is not justified.
		The opinion that the employment of prisoners from concentration camps in the armament industry led to an increase in the number of concentration camp inmates is disproved by Schieber's letter already.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/imt/proc/07-23-46.htm (20654 words)

	Poland Powers Up For the Twenty-First Century
		However, this is set to rise substantially with the upgrading of industrial technology and the increased use of electrical appliances in the home.
		Current usage is as follows: 55 percent of electricity is used by industry, five percent by the railway system and 40 percent by domestic users.
		As elsewhere in the world, the share consumed by the manufacturing industry is being overtaken by that used in the service sector and by domestic users.
	www.dieselpub.com /front2.htm (811 words)

	Upper Silesian area of ecological disaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In Katowice province the emission of gases and dusts taken together according to official data amounted to 300 tons/km in 1985 with 21,5 tons/ km for the whole of Poland.
		Only 19% of industrial sewage and 11% of communal one is cleared away.
		Intensive excavation of raw materials (mainly coal, zinc and lead cress, sand and building materials) leads to devastation of the earth's surface.
	www.zb.eco.pl /gb/3/silesia.htm (237 words)

	Upper Silesian Narrow Gauge Railways
		were the backbone of the internal transportation system of Upper Silesian industrial region since the middle of XIXth century.
		The private railways in the area, owned by enterprises, had the same gauge, used by specialized rolling stock.
		In 2002 community of Bytom becomes the owner of the most important part of the railway, while the Upper Silesian Narrow Gauge Association (SGKW) becomes the operator.
	rtr.dttransporte.com /~jakub/index-en.htm (188 words)

	Welcome Poland - Informations about Silesia (Slask) in Poland.
		The Upper Silesian Industrial District, the biggest one in Poland and most thickly inhabited, gathers fourteen vast cities led by Katowice, inhabited by approximately three million people.
		The area competes against the Beskid of Żywiec, with an artificial lake situated in a dale on the Soła River, with centres in Korbielów, Zwardoń and in Żywiec - an old city with the Habsburg Dynasty castle as well as a brewery producing delicious beer for a century and a half.
		In the northern part of the Silesian Province there is Częstochowa - an industrialised city inhabited by two hundred and fifty thousand people, with the Paulite monastic complex on Jasna Góra considered to be the "religious capital city of catholic Poland".
	www.welcomepoland.com /regions/silesia (378 words)

	ICEE'99, Czech Republic, Paper No. 390
		The Silesian University of Technology, one of the biggest Polish technical universities, is situated in Upper Silesia, an old, highly urbanised industrial region, lying very close to the border with the Czech Republic and Slovakia in the south.
		The fast development of industry in Upper Silesia started at the end of the 19th century and has had disastrous effects on the natural environment in the area.
		The process proves to be especially complex in the case of heavy industry in those areas where the concentration of industry is high.
	www.ineer.org /Events/ICEE1999/Proceedings/papers/390/390.htm (1968 words)

	Hamburg Police Battalions during the Second World War
		The "Einsatzgruppe for special duty in the Upper Silesian Industrial Area" ("Einsatzgruppe z.b.V. für das oberschlesische Industrialgebiet"), established by order of Hitler on 3.09.1939, under the command of SS Obergruppenführer Udo von Woyrsch,were reknown for their ruthlessness.
		The battalion was stationed in Zamosc on 25.06.1942, in Bilograj on 30.06.1942, in Radzyn on 20.07.1942, and in the Luckow area from October 1942.
		This was dug in a concealed area of woodland not far from the town...
	www1.uni-hamburg.de /rz3a035/police101.html (7578 words)

	Europe, 91 pages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Polish-German frontier north of Upper Silesia would be straightened and shortened by 130 miles.
		The annexation of Upper Silesia would substantially strengthen Poland's industrial resources and would make possible a unified and rationalized operation of the greater Upper Silesian district.
		Because of the importation of this question, a special study of it, prepared in the Department, is attached.
	www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu /fdr/psf/box5/t69e29.html (320 words)

	The Ultimate Katowice Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		Katowice (pronounce: Katowice.ogg, original former Polish name Kątowicze, 1953-1956 Stalinogród - "Stalin City", Czech Katovice, German Kattowitz) is an important city of the historical region of Upper Silesia in southern Poland on the Klodnica and Rawa rivers.
		The Spodek is a large sports centre /concert hall, whose name translates as the 'saucer', from its distinctive shape resembling a UFO flying saucer.
		Karola Adamieckiego (Karol Adamiecki's Silesian Academy of Economics)
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Katowice (571 words)

	Countrybookshop.co.uk - Flak 88-elevation Zero (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Luftwaffe Flak arm was the second largest branch of service, after the infantry, of the entire Wehrmacht, comprising over a million troops organised in 30 Flak Divisions by the end of World War II.
		The "88" was its most numerous weapon which was produced in enormous quantities and concentrated around key industrial centres.
		Meanwhile, at the local, tactical level, the 88's potential in ground combat was discovered early on, for instance by Rommel at Arras (1940).
	www.countrybookshop.co.uk /books/index.phtml?whatfor=1899765107 (266 words)

	Elkhorn Manifesto / R. William Davis
		He knew that cannabis hemp was an alternative industrial raw material for the production of thousands of products, including fuel and plastics, which, if allowed to compete in the free-market, would threaten the future profits of the oil companies.
		Its success is directly responsible for the most troubling problems we now face in the 1990s; serious damage to our environment, concentration of economic and political power into fewer and fewer hands, and the weakening of the rights of individuals and states to determine their own futures.
		The economic transformation of the United States from an agricultural to an industrial nation reached the crescendo of a revolution in the second half of the nineteenth century.
	cpconrad.tripod.com /elkhorn2.html (16562 words)

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