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Topic: Upstep (phonetics)

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	Cornell University Linguistics Department
		The Phonetics and Phonology of "Tense" and "Plain" Consonants in Korean
		Phonetics and Phonology of the Tense and Lax Obstruents in German
		I attribute the frequency of voicing lenition to the documented tendency for shorter segments to be perceived as voiced and I attribute the frequency of lenition described as fricativization to reinterpretation of an incomplete seal as a fricative.
	ling.cornell.edu /clcpubs/dissertations.html (5508 words)

	Upstep (phonetics) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		In phonetics, upstep is a phonemic or phonetic upward shift of tone between the syllables or words of a tonal language.
		Upstep is superficially similar to pitch reset, which is nearly universal in the prosody of the world's languages.
		Hausa, for example, has both phonetic upstep due to the interaction of tones, and pitch reset between prosodic units characterised by downdrift.
	www.pillscatalog.net /w/index.php?title=Upstep_(phonetics)&action=edit (312 words)

	International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) used in spoken human language.
		It is intended as a notational standard for the phonemic and phonetic representation of all spoken languages.
		The general principle of the IPA is to provide a separate symbol for each speech segment, avoiding letter combinations (digraphs) such as sh and th in English orthography, and avoiding ambiguity such as that of c in English.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/IPA (3995 words)

	[No title]
		I argue that upstep is prosodically conditioned, and suggests a particular way of correlating prosodic levels and phonetic register-lines, in development of suggestions by Ladd (1988) and van den Berg et al.
		Caroline Féry and I investigated the interaction of upstep with multiple embeddings of clauses as in Ladd (1988).
		The interaction of upstep with structure-dependent partial reset bears on the predictions of the model that correlates prosodic levels and phonetic register-lines.
	www.let.kun.nl /tie/Abstracts/00_Truckenbrodt.doc (362 words)

	black jack basic strategy chart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Computer-coded phonetic transcription.To avoid confusion with IPA symbols, it may be desirable to specify that the native orthography is being used, so that, for example, cats is not read as "chats".css"; @import "/skins-1.
		The principles of the International Phonetic Association, being a description of the International Phonetic Alphabet and the manner of using it, illustrated by texts in 51 languages.On other fronts, there was still room for the use of strategy of manouever.
		Phonetic transcription: History.Other symbols are unique to the IPA, and have developed their own quirky names: É¾ fish-hook R, É¤ ram's horns, Ê˜ bull's eye, Êƒ esh [apparently never 'stretched ess'], Ê’ ezh [sometimes also yogh], É§ hook-top heng.Napoleon's practical strategic triumphs inspired a whole new field of study into military strategy.
	www.top-search-results.co.uk /black-jack-basic-strategy-chart.aspx (9041 words)

	transcribe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		On the phonetic side, the vowel of "hot" is not significantly longer than the vowel of "hat" in American English, so it doesn't make sense to transcribe the former [hA:t] but the latter [h{t].
		Phonetics: A critical analysis of phonetic theory and a technic for the practical description of sounds.
		The NATO phonetic alphabet ("alpha bravo") had also informally been called the 'International Phonetic Alphabet', though these two are unrelated.1 The Letters 12.
	www.dynamicdvd.co.za /transcribe.aspx (14067 words)

	INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The International_Phonetic_Association recommends that a phonetic transcription should be enclosed in square brackets (" ").
		For example, in some dialects the English word ''pretzel'' in a narrow transcription would be, which notes several phonetic features that may not be evident even to a native speaker.
		For example, the words ''cats'' and ''dogs'' could be transcribed phonetically as and, and phonemically as and.
	www.fandcproperties.com /International_Phonetic_Alphabet (3522 words)

	LINGUIST List 13.1009: Phonology: Chahal "Intonation..." (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The investigation of the intonational and phonetic realization of broad verus narrow focus in that chapter also shows that the relationship between target peaks within an utterance plays a role in signaling a particular focus interpretaton.
		As for the investigaton of prosodic boundaries (chapter 4), it is found that accented syllables preceding the right edge of intonational phrase, intermediate phrase, and prosodic word boundaries display progressively earlier peak alignment the higher the level of the boundary.
		Accordingly, peak alignment in Lebanese Arabic is argued to constitute a phonetic correlate for prosodic constituency in the language.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/13/13-1009.html (366 words)

	Glot International, Journal Section
		Pierrehumbert's (1980) thesis marked the beginning of a new period in intonational research by presenting a model which separated the phonological representation from its phonetic implementation, thus allowing a characterization of the notion `possible prosodic structure' as distinct from an account of the phonetic details of intonation contours.
		The most innovative aspect of Pierrehumbert's account, which was consolidated as a general theory of tone and intonation by Pierrehumbert and Beckman (1988), was probably the concept of a phonetic `target' as distinct from a phonological tone, and the principled separation of phonological representations and phonetic implementation that it involved.
		Detailed phonetic studies of the timings of targets have on the one hand revealed cross-linguistic and cross-varietal variation, and on the other a tendency for targets to be coupled to `segmental landmarks', like the syllable offset, as in Mandarin lexical tones (Xu, 1998), or the CV-boundary (Ladd, Faulkner, Faulkner, and Schepman 1999).
	www.linguistlistplus.com /glot/html/GI6902/GI6902_SOA.htm (8034 words)

	X-SAMPA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London.
		It was designed to unify the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
		The result is a SAMPA-inspired recasting of the IPA into 7-bit ASCII.
	hallencyclopedia.com /X-SAMPA (188 words)

	The IPA in Unicode
		Copyright International Phonetic Association, from the Department of Linguistics, University of Victoria, Canada
		Type into the text box below by clicking on the characters in the chart.
		Some useful precomposed characters that do not fit into the official IPA.
	www.linguistlist.org /unicode/ipa.html (167 words)

	transcription london (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Journal of the International Phonetic Alphabet, 25 (2), 71-80.It was initially rumoured, incorrectly, that a man was found in Canary Wharf (London), armed with a bomb but he was shot down by a sniper before he could carry out any attack.
		Jump to: navigation, search The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. transcription london The 2005 attacks are the first coordinated suicide bombings perpetrated by Islamist militants in the history of London.
		Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet.1 Manhattan Project Contributions1.He and his wife took a holiday to France and the Low Countries from June to October 1669, but on their return Elisabeth fell ill and died on 10 November 1669.
	www.mmm-search.net /transcription-london.aspx (10397 words)

	Laboratory Phonology
		Pierrehumbert, Janet B. Phonetic Diversity, Statistical Learning, and Acquisition of Phonology.” Language and Speech 46 (2-3), pp 115-154.
		Gussenhoven, C. Intonation and Interpretation: Phonetics and Phonology,” in Proceedings of the Speech Prosody 2002 Conference, pp.
		Ladd, D. and Morton, R. "The perception of intonational emphasis: continuous or categorical?", Journal of Phonetics, 25, 1997: 313-342.
	seneca.uab.es /pilarprieto/programa-laboratory.htm (976 words)

	ToBI: 2. More on the tone tier
		Second, the H- phrase accent triggers an "upstep" (a local raising of the pitch range to the end of the phrase), so that a following H% boundary tone is realized as a second rise at the end of the plateau-like region.
		Note that because of the upstep of the pitch range after the H- phrase accent, the L% boundary tone of a H- L% sequence does not have an absolutely low f0 target, just a lower one than that of the upstepped H% boundary tone.
		This lowering of the second peak is due to a process called `downstep', which is defined as a categorical compression of the pitch range that reduces the f0 targets for any H tones subsequent to the specification of the downstep -- i.e.
	www.speech.cs.cmu.edu /tobi/ToBI.2.html (8867 words)

	Yi Xu's Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Xu, Y., Liberman, A.M., and Whalen, D.H. On the immediacy of phonetic perception.
		Proceedings of The 3rd National Conference on Phonetics, Beijing, pp.
		Chapter 8 in Wu, Z., and Lin, M., (eds.), A Course in Phonetics.
	home.uchicago.edu /~xuyi/publications.html (1210 words)

	IPA in Unicode (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Although not reported from any language, the retroflex implosive,, is supported in the Unicode Phonetic Extensions Supplement.
		The International Phonetic Association was founded in Paris in 1886 under the name Dhi Fonètik Tîcerz' Asóciécon (The Phonetic Teachers' Association), a development of L'Association Phonétique des Professeurs d'Anglais (The English Teachers' Phonetic Association), to create an international phonetic alphabet.
		The sources for many of the symbols was Henry Sweet's Revised Romic system, which was in turn based on Pitman and Alexander Ellis's Phonotypic Alphabet.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/I/IPA-in-Unicode.htm (1601 words)

	DRAFT --- FOR RESTRICTED DISTRIBUTION ONLY LE-EAGLES--WP4--3.2 Integrated Resources Working Group Draft chapter: Survey ...
		It may thus be better to use some form of phonetic representation, such as SAMPA, for word partials; however, if there is a further level of phonemic transcription, then this is unnecessary.
		One problematic aspect of the transcription of boundaries is the fact that the phonetic implementation of the tone sequences is far from transparent.
		This means that H-H% symbolises a high rising boundary reaching a level very high in the current pitch range (H% is upstepped), and H-L% symbolises a high level boundary (the L% is upstepped to the same value as the previous H- tone).
	bowland-files.lancs.ac.uk /eagles/delivera/wp4aug1.html (15776 words)

	[No title]
		Thus, the most obvious (but perhaps not the most perceptually salient) way of melodically signalling a non-Swedish background is left unused.
		Instead, the foreign-sounding speech melody appears to be related to another, re-occurring pattern in the material (see Figure 1): a suspended downstep or possible upstep, sometimes ending with a final rise.
		It is used by pupils with different linguistic backgrounds, including by a pupil without immigrant background (who nevertheless has been judged as speaking Rosengård Swedish in a perception experiment).
	www.let.kun.nl /tie/Abstracts/12_Hansson.doc (765 words)

	IPA Encyclopedia, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Find ipa - Your relevant result is a click away!
		For example, the words cats and dogs could be transcribed phonetically as [kʰæʔs] and [d̥ɑɡz], and phonemically as /kæts/ and /dɑɡz/.
		Diacritics are also named after their function: the bridge is also called the dental sign, etc.
	popularityguide.com /encyclopedia/IPA (3916 words)

	LINGUIST List 13.3217: Phonology, Vol 19 No 1 (2002) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Publisher: Cambridge University Press http://www.cup.org Journal Title: Phonology Volume Number: 19 Issue Number: 1 Issue Date: May 2002 Main text: The interaction of tone and stress in Optimality Theory Paul de Lacy Against extrasyllabic consonants in German and English T.
		The Mouton interactive introduction to phonetics and phonology.
		The phonological structure of the verbal roots in Arabic and Hebrew.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/13/13-3217.html (111 words)

	[No title]
		\par }{\fs20\cf1 Hazan et al, (sous presse), "Chap 1: Phonetics, dans The landscape of future education in Speech Communication Sciences 1, G. Bloothooft et la (eds), Utrecht.
		A French Phonetic Lexicon with Variants for Speech and Language Processing.
		\par }{\b\fs20\cf1 Hans}{\fs20\cf1, S., }{\b\fs20\cf1 Vaissi\'e8re}{\fs20\cf1, J., D. }{\b\fs20\cf1 Brasnu}{\fs20\cf1., (1999), "Phonetic patterns after CO2 Laser posterior transverse cordot omy for bilateral vocal fold paralysis.", XIV International Congress of Phonetic Sciences., San Francisco, 1-7 Ao\'fbt 1999.
	www.univ-paris3.fr /recherche/sites/edll/teams/UMR7018.rtf (6830 words)

	LabPhon 8 - Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		(P) Preliminaries to the Phonetic Origins of Tone Sandhi: A Case Study with Thai
		From Phonetics to Discourse: The Nondominant Hand and the Grammar of Sign Language
		Phonetic Implementation and Phonetic Pre-specification in Sign Language Phonology
	sapir.ling.yale.edu:16080 /labphon8/abstracts2.html (963 words)

	IPA transcription in Unicode
		Do you see a phonetic symbol between the square brackets?
		For you to be able to display Unicode phonetic symbols correctly on your web browser,
		To tell the browser that your HTML document is a Unicode document, include the following tag in the section:
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/wells/ipa-unicode.htm (701 words)

	Keith L. Snider
		Phonetics of tone, particularly as it impinges on phonological theory
		"Phonetic realisation of downstep in Bimoba." Phonology 15.1, 77-101.
		"Tonal upstep in Krachi: Evidence for a register tier." Language 66.3, 453-74.
	www.sil.org /sil/roster/snider_keith.htm (172 words)

	[No title]
		It plainly isn't a very good phonetic match >for franc,ais, but, on the other hand, franc,ais is just Frank run through >the process of developing modern French out of Pre-French.
		An appointee will be expected to contribute to the teaching of sociolinguistics and descriptive linguistics at undergraduate level.
		Preference may be given to candidates with an additional specialisation in psycholinguistics or applied phonetics or historical linguistics or discourse analysis.
	www.umich.edu /~archive/linguistics/linguist.list/volume.4/no.451-500 (14081 words)

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