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Topic: Urartian

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Urartian language

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	Urartian Period in Anatolia
		Urartians have formed a state by absorbing Hurrians who were their relatives and living in the Lake Van region.
		Urartian kingdom based in their capital Tushpa on the shore of Lake Van, has covered a large territory extending from Caspian Sea and southern Caucasus to eastern and southeastern Anatolia and also northeastern Mesopotamia.
		From an inscription found here, we know that this area was incorporated into Urartian kingdom during the reign of Ispuini and despite the bloody fights between Urartians and Assyrians, Urartians have produced many pictorial and cuneiform inscriptions in the language of their enemy Assyrians.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/urartian_period.htm (1170 words)

	b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Husbandry was also highly developed: Urartian cattle and sheep were famous for their high quality, and superb horses were raised.
		Urartian architecture is noteworthy for the quality of its masonry, and its mountain-fortresses are impressive feats of construction.
		In the Urartian period, a native hieroglyphic script was used alongside cuneiform.
	www.bartleby.com /67/117.html (233 words)

	Top Literature - Urartian language
		Urartian is the conventional name for the language spoken by the inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Urartu in Northeast Anatolia (present-day Turkey), in the region of Lake Van.
		Urartian was an agglutinative language, which belongs to neither the Semitic nor the Indo-European families but to the Hurro-Urartian family.
		The Urartians also possessed a native hieroglyphic script, but in later Urartu this script was restricted to use in accounting and religion.
	encyclopedia.topliterature.com /?title=Urartian_language (241 words)

	Ancient Urartian inscription disappears in Iran
		LONDON, July 26 (IranMania) - An inscription of Urartian king Ishpuini (circa 830–810 BC) has disappeared from Baraghaneh Mountain, near Bukan in West Azarbaijan Province, the Persian service of CHN reported.
		A team of experts from the Language and Dialect Research Center of the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization studying in the region recently discovered that the inscription was not in its place.
		The Urartians were succeeded in the area in the 6th century BC by the Armenians.
	www.christiansofiraq.com /urartianinscrip.html (499 words)

	Noah's Ark Search - Mount Ararat
		From Assyrian texts, Urartu is known to have existed from about the late 13th century BC to the 9th century BC as a loose federation of tribes.
		The Urartian Kingdom existed from the 9th century BC until the 6th century BC when it was destroyed by the Medes and vanished from history, only to be rediscovered in the archaeology of the late 1800s and early 1900s.
		However, some of this is speculation since there are no cross-references in 15th century BC writing so no one really knows exactly where Moses was referring to when he stated that the ark came to rest on the "mountains of rrt".
	noahsarksearch.com /urartu.htm (286 words)

	Zimansky.html
		Urartian settlement was concentrated in pockets beside the lake shores and in isolated locations where river valleys broadened sufficiently to permit intensive cultivation of the alluvium through irrigation.
		Urartian inscriptions are generally clear on who built what, giving both the name of the king and his patronymic.
		The Urartian religion appears to be a state religion (Salvini 1989), and the god Haldi, who stood at the head of the pantheon, vanishes with the Urartian state.
	www.asor.org /pubs/nea/ba/Zimansky.html (3491 words)

	Urartian language
		Urartian is the conventional name for the language spoken by the inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Urartu in Northeast Anatolia (present Turkey), in the region of Lake Van.
		Urartian was an agglutinative language, which belongs neither to the Semitic nor to the Indo-European families.
		Based on linguistic similarities with Northeast Caucasian languages, some scholars place it in the Alarodian family, as one of the two languages in the Hurro-Urartian sub-family.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/u/ur/urartian_language.html (148 words)

	b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Husbandry was also highly developed: Urartian cattle and sheep were famous for their high quality, and superb horses were raised.
		Urartian architecture is noteworthy for the quality of its masonry, and its mountain-fortresses are impressive feats of construction.
		In the Urartian period, a native hieroglyphic script was used alongside cuneiform.
	www.bartelby.com /67/117.html (233 words)

	ArmeniaFest - History of Armenians
		The Armenian nation entered upon the arena of history some 600 years B.C. Present day research has established that the Armenians are descendants of the Urartians, and were occupying the plain of Ararat since at least the second millennium.
		The Urartians had attained a high level of civilization which determined the cultural future of ancient Armenia.
		In fact, one of the Urartian canals is still in operation today in the city of Van (now Turkey).
	www.armeniafest.com /history/index.html (405 words)

	stauffacher.ch - Bücher: Urartian Measures of Volume von Margaret Payne
		Urartians recorded the volumes of jugs, jars and storerooms, using a variety of symbols and words.
		In this book, mathematical and statistical models, both geometric and digital, are examined for evaluating the ratio of the different measures of volume to each other and for finding absolute values for these measures.
		The presence of full mathematical calculations allows for controls to be made and removes the faith element from this branch of Urartian studies.
	www.stauffacher.ch /shop/home/artikeldetails/urartian_measures_of_volume/margaret_payne/ISBN90-429-1483-1/ID8914999.html (83 words)

	Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Indeed, Mount Ararat is located in ancient Urartian territory, approximately 120 km north of its former capital.
		They were experts in stone architecture; they may have introduced the blind arch to the Near East, and their houses may have been the precursor of the Persian apadana layout.
		The Urartians spoke an agglutinative language, conventionally called Urartian, which was related to Hurrian in the Hurro-Urartian family, and was neither Semitic nor Indo-European.
	simple.seowaste.com /Urartu (713 words)

	Iranica.com - EREVAN
		The identification is confirmed by an Urartian cuneiform inscription found in September 1950 on the mound Arin-Berd (i.e., Ganli Tappa) on the southeastern edge of Erevan (König, 1957, p.
		It was already known from the annals of the Urartian king Argiæti I carved on the cliff at Van that he had settled 6,600 warriors from the land of S®upa (Sophene) in the city of Erebuni, which he had founded (König, 1957, pp.
		242-43) the Urartians abandoned the area of ÷Aza from 730 B.C.E. until the first half of the 7th century, when Teiæebaïni "the city of Teiæeba," which today lies under Karmir Blur (Red hill), was built by Rusa II on the southwestern edge of modern Erevan (cf.
	www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/v8f5/v8f561.html (6383 words)

	REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM
		AyanÄ±s Castle, located on the shore of Lake Van, 35 km to the north of the city of Van is proof of the peaks reached by Urartian art in the reign of Rusa II.
		Carinated bowls and plates, deep, broad bowls, water jugs with one handle and a cloverleaf spout, vessels with two handles are among the ceramics and demonstrate a wide variety of form.
		It is considered that the Urartian cities, which lay in the path of the Median army, led by Cyaxares, as he marched across Anatolia to to wage war against King Alyattes of Lydia, were also destroyed by the Medes.
	www.kulturturizm.gov.tr /EN/Yonlendir.aspx?17A16AE30572D313E603BF9486D4371D367EEC3328026340 (904 words)

	Urartu Mehmet
		The Urartian kingdom was originally founded around about 840BC, by Sarduri I. and finally fell around 550AD, most likely over run by the Medes.
		The Urartian territory extended from the Caspian Sea and the southern Caucasus, to eastern and southeastern Anatolia, and down as far as northeastern Mesopotamia.
		From 764-735 BC the Urartian kingdom was at its strongest.
	www.polosbastards.com /artman/publish/mustafa-kusman.shtml (647 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cultural Details of Van Ayanýs Castle Ayanýs Castle, located on the shore of Lake Van, 35 km to the north of the city of Van is proof of the peaks reached by Urartian art in the reign of Rusa II.
		Like all Urartian castles, it is situated on a rocky peak.The castle, with the exception of its south facade, is surrounded by walls made of limestone blocks.
		The monumental entrance gate,measuring 4.0 x 3.0 m in the south wall is of a type rarely encountered in Urartian castles.
	www.walhello.com /search?key=turkey&cache=Z00007852752896&vert=0 (229 words)

	Van - Information and photos (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The province of Van sits by Lake Van, and was the ancient Urartian capital of Tuspa.
		It is situated in a green, fertile oasis in the midst of rocky mountains.
		In the fortress, the Urartian royal tombs are of interest.
	www.worldturkey.com /cities/van/index.html (193 words)

	Urartu - Lost Kingdom of Van
		In the year 860 B.C., the Urartian kingdom was formed under its first king, Aramu, and the Assyrians began referring to the new nation as Urartu (19).
		It is generally agreed that the Urartians arose from the Hurrians and employed a language similar to Hurrian.
		Urartian warriors carried the symbol of the sacred tree to battle on bronze belts (27) and pointed helmets (28).
	www.starspring.com /ascender/urartu/urartu.html (2531 words)

	Erebuni \| Armenia Travel, History, Archeology & Ecology \| TourArmenia \| Travel Guide to Armenia
		One of the most magnificent examples of art uncovered from Urartian times is this drinking vessel, showing an Urartian king or lord on a galloping horse.
		Urartians worshipped 79 gods and goddesses in its pantheon, most a combination of human and animal aspects.
		Arubani is the Urartian equivalent to the Armenian goddess Anahit and the Greek goddess Artemis.
	www.tacentral.com /erebuni/art.asp (661 words)

	Who Were Urartians? Are We Decendants Of Urartians? - HyeForum
		As is known Urartian is agglutinative language, which belongs to neither the Semitic nor the Indo-European families but to the Hurro-Urartian family.
		Well, assuming the urartians and armenians were living next to each other and the urartians were the kings of armenians (again two different nations).
		We know that before Urartians that region was populated with hurians and sumerians(sumerians migrated to the south and got mixed and absorbed by accadians with the time) since 4000 B.C. then the Hitities came and populated the western(todays anatolia or turkey) part of hurian teritories (teritories, because at that time there was no hurrian kingdom).
	hyeforum.com /index.php?showtopic=14269 (2640 words)

	EREBUNI MONUMENT - MASS
		The research of the Urartian culture in general, its heritage connection with Early Armenian Kingdom, can be better seen with the help of archaeological research.
		The town-fortress, which is dates from the Urartian period and remarkable for its columned halls, temples, palace quarters with their murals, big storehouses and fortification system, nowadays is of great scientific interest.
		Social value: Investigations of monument and its surroundings allows determining the structure of social organization of the Urartian State, as well as economical and political intercommunications of the Urartian population.
	www.masstours.com /eng/sschools/sschools.php (581 words)

	HyeEtch - Arts & Culture - Metalwork & Engraving p2
		Armenia was one of the first and most important wine producing regions in the world, explaining in part the popularity of such vessels in metal and in ceramic.
		Urartian bronzes were coveted throughout the Mediterranean world, thus explaining their appearance in excavations in many parts of the Middle East and Europe, especially Etruscan Italy.
		The high quality of the engraving of the silver tetradrachmas of Tigran the Great and the bronze ware from the earlier Urartian period reveals a developed taste among Armenians for refined metalwork.
	www.hyeetch.nareg.com.au /culture/metal_p2.html (1371 words)

	Van - Turkey
		The province of Van sits by Lake Van, and was the ancient Urartian capital of Tuspa.
		It is situated in a green, fertile oasis in the midst of rocky mountains in the Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey.
		In the fortress, the Urartian royal tombs are of interest.
	www.myturkeytours.com /van.html (1289 words)

	Encyclopedia Mythica: What's new?
		I am looking for experts who would like to write about any of the following categories:
		Aboriginal mythology, Anatolian mythology (Hattian, Hittite, Hurrian, Luwian, Phrygian, and Urartian), Arabian/Islamic mythology and religion, Finno-Ugric mythology, Melanesian and Micronesian mythology, Siberian mythology, Syrian mythology (Amorite, Hurrian, Ugaritic, Phoenician, Aramaic, and Moabite), and Tibetan mythology.
		Furthermore, I am particularly interested in oral traditions and undocumented stories.
	www.pantheon.org /information/whatsnew.html (865 words)

	Armenia Hotels by SmartStays - Lowest room rates and hotel reservations for Armenia
		It is automatically the administrative, cultural, and industrial centre of the country.
		The history of Yerevan dates back to the 8th century BC, with the founding of the Urartian fortress of Erebuni in 782 BC.
		The centre of Yerevan is very compact and easy to get around by foot.
	www.smartstays.com /armenia (181 words)

	Urartian History, Culture, etc. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Zimansky, Paul E. Ecology and empire--the structure of the Urartian state.
		Urartian art; its distinctive traits in the light of new Excavations.
		From the lands of the Scythians : ancient treasures from the museums of the U.S.S.R., 3000 B.C.-100 B.C. : the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
	www.lib.washington.edu /NearEast/anatolia/h&curartian.html (148 words)

	CNR-->Institute ICEVO (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Research showed that Urartian settlement and organisational patterns, based not on cities but on fortresses that had both military and economical, administrational, political and religious functions, derived directly from the Caucasian tradition.
		Gathering and interpretation of the Urartian cuneiform inscriptions, now in an advanced state of preparation, is the highlight of the project.
		The corpus is mainly composed by rock inscriptions or stele connected with military expeditions, which give a significant contribution to historical geography, by inscriptions connected with building of fortresses, temples, canals, storerooms etc., by dedications to deities and religious rituals, short texts on bronze objects; clay tablets and bullae for administrative purposes.
	www.cnr.it /istituti/Focus_eng.html?cds=025 (1641 words)

	T.C. Kultur Bakanligi / Ministry of Culture, Republic of Turkey
		A new Urartian king, Seduri of the Urartu, (Sarduri I) is referred to in chronicles written during the twenty-seventh year of the reign of Salmaneser III (832 B.C).
		The inscription on the building known by the people of Van as “Madırburç” (Sardursburg) which we know to belong to this king, was the fırst inscription known to have been written by an Urartian king in the new capital.
		Van Castle, which was chosen as a capital by the Urartian king, Sarduri I, was built on a spur stretching from Mount Erek to the plain, which was 80-90 m wide.
	www.discoverturkey.com /english/yeni/van/castle-capital.html (433 words)

	Lake Van
		The Urartians referred to their country as the Land of Biaini.
		Urartian culture is believed to arise from the Hurrians.
		Urartian warriors carried the symbol of the sacred tree to battle on bronze belts and pointed helmets.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/archaeology/sites/europe/lakevanurartu.html (653 words)

	Israel Antiquities Authority - Articles
		The study of the Urartian culture is indirectly connected with the progress in the research of the cities in Assyria and Mesopotamia.
		Extremely important milestones in the chronology of the royal Urartian dynasty are mentioned in the Assyrian annals, such as the death of the Urartian king Rusa I in the 8
		The disappearance of the Urartian kingdom was not the result of a one-time event rather it was a group of geopolitical occurrences that caused this magnificent 300 year old kingdom to pass into the recesses of history.
	www.antiquities.org.il /article_Item_eng.asp?sec_id=17&sub_subj_id=410&id=941 (1156 words)

	InfoHub - castles Armenia
		Urartian architecture used carefully cut stone often of very large size for the foundations of walls and the supports of wooden columns for temples and assembly rooms.
		The compact efficiency of such towns as Erebuni, the innovative design of the temple of Mousasir, and the remnants of simple houses with primitive domes points to a flourishing architectural activity.
		In 782 B.C., by the order of the Urartian king Argishti the 1st, a fortress and a town around it were founded named as Erebuni to commemorate the victory over the enemy and glorify the land of Biayna.
	www.infohub.com /forums/printthread.php?t=573 (821 words)

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