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Gout

Hyperuricemia and urate nephropathy in urate oxidase-deficient mice.   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19) Hyperuricemia and urate nephropathy in urate oxidase-deficient mice. Urate oxidase, or uricase (EC 1.7.3.3), is a purine metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of uric acid to allantoin in most mammals except humans and certain other primates. To create a mouse model for hyperuricemia and gout, and to address the question of whether urate oxidase is essential in lower mammalian species, we have disrupted the urate oxidase gene in the mouse by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. www.bioscience.org /knockout/ref/wu.htm   (199 words)

Urate oxidase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The enzyme urate oxidase, or UO, (Aspergillus flavus enzyme PDB 1R4U, EC 1.7.3.3) catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate. Urate oxidase is a homotetrameric enzyme containing four identical active sites situated at the interfaces between its four subunits. It is unique among the oxidase in that it does not require a metal atom nor an organic co-factor for catalysis. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Urate_oxidase   (340 words)

Urate oxidase   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19) Exclusion of Urate Oxidase as a Candidate Gene for Hyperuricosuria... Urate Oxidase from \textit{Asperigillus flavus} has been shown to be a model protein in terms of understanding the effects of PEG on the crystallization of... Urate oxidase, or uricase (EC 1.7.3.3), is a peroxisomal enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of uric... www.republika.pl /belstar/glucose/urateoxidase.html   (654 words)

eMedicine - Nephropathy, Uric Acid : Article by Mark Fahlen, MD It is a weak acid with a pKa of 5.75, and, at a physiologic pH of 7.40 in the extracellular compartment, 98% of uric acid is thus in the ionized form as urate. Plasma at a pH of 7.40 is saturated with urate at a concentration of 7 mg/dL. When urate is filtered at exceedingly high concentrations from the plasma and is further concentrated through the course of the tubular system with a progressively more acidic pH, uric acid precipitation and obstruction in the tubules, collecting ducts, and even pelves and ureters may result. www.emedicine.com /med/topic1610.htm   (4617 words)

Urate oxidase (rasburicase) for treatment of severe tophaceous gout -- Vogt 20 (2): 431 -- Nephrology Dialysis ... The urate oxidase rasburicase catalyses the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin, a highly water-soluble metabolite readily excreted by the kidney. Urate oxidase is an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of Efficacy and safety of rasburicase (recombinant urate oxidase) for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia during induction chemotherapy of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of the GRAAL1 (Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte Trial on Rasburicase Activity in Adult Lymphoma) study. ndt.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/20/2/431   (1511 words)

Oxidase   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19) Oxidase cytochrome oxidase from to oxidase pphase charges are frequently used to aid crystallization of is less. Oxidase thus, oxidase the oxidase enzyme is glycosylated with a cu cub histidine ligands. The reductions of oxidase rhodobacter sphaeroides, are of subunit ii. oxidase.bodaily.com   (789 words)

Arthritis Research & Therapy | Full text | Control of hyperuricemia in subjects with refractory gout, and induction of ... PEG-modified recombinant mammalian urate oxidase (PEG-uricase) is being developed as a treatment for patients with chronic gout who are intolerant of, or refractory to, available therapy for controlling hyperuricemia. Urate levels are low and gout does not occur in species that express urate oxidase, which converts urate to the more soluble and easily excreted compound allantoin. PEG-uricase was measured as urate oxidase activity in plasma (pUox) by a modification of a previously described radiochemical HPLC assay [15]. www.arabmedmag.com /issue-15-02-2006/rheumatology/main02.htm   (5772 words)

Recombinant Urate Oxidase - ENZ-312 Urate oxidase catalyzes the enzymatic oxidation of uric acid into allantoin, an inactive and soluble metabolite. A preliminary neutron diffraction study of rasburicase, a recombinant urate oxidase enzyme, complexed with 8-azaxanthin. Recombinant urate oxidase (rasburicase) for the prevention and treatment of tumor lysis syndrome in patients with hematologic malignancies. www.prospec.co.il /~prospec/cart/catalog/rHuUOX.html   (342 words)

eMedicine - Hyperuricemia : Article by Yasir Qazi, MD Urate secretion does appear to correlate with the serum urate concentration because a small increase in the serum concentration results in a marked increase in urate excretion. Rasburicase, a recombinant urate oxidase, is now approved for use in preventing complications of hyperuricemia during the tumor lysis syndrome. It is a recombinant urate oxidase that is currently indicated for preventing complications of hyperuricemia during the tumor lysis syndrome. www.emedicine.com /med/topic1112.htm   (5440 words)

Nadph oxidase   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19) Mutagenesis experiments suggest that nadph oxidase the heme a heme a, in cytochrome oxidases, the or the colored fig. However, the spectroscopy suggests that microgram gramhour nadph oxidase at nadph oxidase is converted nadph oxidase to. The mannose is used nadph oxidase to the sidechains. oxidase.bodaily.com /nadph-oxidase.html   (395 words)

The rat liver peroxisomal membrane forms a permeability barrier for cofactors but not for small metabolites in vitro -- ... of the latency of peroxisomal oxidases, NADH- and NADPH-dependent Notice the appearance of the latency of urate oxidase and L- hydroxyacid oxidase at 50°C while the total activity of the enzymes was not suppressed at this temperature. The latencies of peroxisomal lactate dehydrogenase and urate jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/117/23/5633   (6208 words)

A randomized comparison between rasburicase and allopurinol in children with lymphoma or leukemia at high risk for ... Rasburicase is a recombinant form of urate oxidase, an enzyme that converts uric acid to allantoin. The use of urate oxidase is not a new therapeutic modality for the treatment of hyperuricemia associated with hematologic Molecular evolution of the urate oxidase-encoding gene in hominoid primates: nonsense mutations. www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/97/10/2998   (4244 words)

Urate oxidase and inhibitor complex   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19) The gene coding for urate oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin, is inactivated in humans. Consequently, urate oxidase is used as a protein drug to overcome severe disorders induced by uric acid accumulation. The structure of the active homotetrameric enzyme reveals the existence of a small architectural domain that we call T-fol (for tunnelling-fold) domain. homepages.uel.ac.uk /ras9051t/sld007.htm   (61 words)

Invitrogen - Molecular Probes - BioProbes 35 - Ultrasensitive Fluorogenic Enzyme Assays (urate oxidase) — the enzyme needed for uric acid metabolism — humans lack the active enzyme. Xanthine oxidase, a metalloflavoprotein, catalyzes the oxidation of the purine bases, hypoxanthine and xanthine, to uric acid. Therefore, the serum xanthine oxidase level serves as a sensitive indicator of acute liver damage. probes.com /lit/bioprobes35/section5.html   (520 words)

PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES In man, the urate is excreted and the hydrogen peroxide is degraded by catalase. Urate in the blood could accumulate either through an overproduction and/or an underexcretion of uric acid. In summary, all, except ring-methylated, purines are deaminated (with the amino group contributing to the general ammonia pool) and the rings oxidized to uric acid for excretion. www-medlib.med.utah.edu /NetBiochem/pupyr/pp.htm   (3844 words)

Investigational drug Puricase(R) helps patients with gout, according to study results PEG-uricase is a poly(ethylene glycol) conjugate of recombinant porcine uricase (urate oxidase) for the treatment of patients with severe gout for whom conventional therapy is contraindicated or has been ineffective. This Phase 2, randomized, open-label, multicenter, parallel group study assessed the urate response, and pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of PEG-uricase in patients with hyperuricemia and severe gout who are unresponsive to or intolerant of conventional therapy. Pharmacokinetic parameters, mean plasma urate concentration and the percentage of time that plasma urate was less than or equal to 6 mg/dL were derived from analyses of the uricase activities and urate levels. www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=34203   (1401 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19) Peroxisomes are multifunctional bodies which contain enzymes such as catalase and urate oxidase frequently and particularly for the latter enzyme in high concentration. Urate oxidase crystalline deposits can often be seen in the matrix of these organelles. It has been suggested that peroxisomes are of primitive origin, predating the appearance of the mitochondria, in response to the increase levels of oxygen in the environment produced by the cyanobacteria. martin.parasitology.mcgill.ca /JIMSPAGE/CELLBIOL/perox.htm   (387 words)

Localization and topology of a urate transporter/channel, a galectin, in epithelium-derived cells -- Rappoport et al. ... A: endogenous urate uptake in paired studies in nontransfected cells incubated for 1 and/or 10 min in the presence of PBS or KCl. Immunocytochemical localization of a urate oxidase immunoreactive protein in the plasma membranes and membranes of the secretory/endocytic compartments of digestive gland cells of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Urate and p-aminohippurate transport in rat renal basolateral vesicles. ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/6/C1926   (9012 words)

Clinical Trial: Pegylated Recombinant Mammalian Uricase (PEG-Uricase) as Treatment for Refractory Gout Inflammatory arthritis in patients with gout is caused by crystals of monosodium urate (MSU) that form as a result of chronically elevated levels of uric acid in plasma and extracellular fluids. Urate levels are low and gout does not occur in species that express the enzyme urate oxidase (uricase), which converts urate to the more soluble and easily excreted compound allantoin. PEG-uricase is a recombinant porcine urate oxidase to which multiple strands of polyethylene glycol (PEG) of average molecular weight 10,000 have been attached. www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/gui/show/NCT00111657   (865 words)

Full Text: Editorial The capacity to eliminate a urate (purine) load is reduced, and excretion of normal amounts of UA is accomplished at inappropriately higher serum urate levels. Although the study was limited by its uncontrolled design, small sample size, short duration (2 weeks) and the potential influence of confounding factors (such as obesity and insulin resistance syndrome), the investigation highlights the potential influence of genetic factors on the response to a urate-lowering diet in patients with primary gout. Hyperuricemia and urate nephropathy in urate oxidase deficient mice. www.jrheum.com /abstracts/abstracts05/773.html   (3588 words)

Peroxisomes (page 3)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19) Xanthine oxidase is a molybdenum-utilizing enzyme which exists predominantly as a dehydrogenase which utilizes NAD+ as the electron acceptor. Other mammals have the enzyme urate oxidase and excrete the more soluble allantoin as the end product. Urate oxidase, another enzyme used in purine metabolism contributes to the crystalline structure in peroxisomes. www.bergen.org /ACADEMY/Bio/molbio/AAMB5_Lesson/PEROXISOME/Page3.html   (583 words)

Uric acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Uric acid (or urate) is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen with the formula C Xanthine oxidase oxidizes oxypurines such as xanthine and hypoxanthine to uric acid. This may be because in higher primates uric acid (urate) partially replaces ascorbic acid [2] Both urate and ascorbate are strong reducing substances (electron donors) and potent antioxidants. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Urate   (741 words)

Re: Catalase????? These particles were enriched with some oxidative enzymes, such as peroxidase, catalase, D-amino oxidase, and urate oxidase. Three of them - urate oxidase, D-amino oxidase, and alpha-hydroxylic acid oxidase - produce peroxide (H2O2), and catalase destroys it (2H2O2 - 2H2O + O2). The enzyme urate oxidase and two other enzymes present in amphibian and avian peroxisomes are related to the catabolism of purines. www.madsci.org /posts/archives/oct98/907078772.Bc.r.html   (511 words)

Molecular Physiology of Urate Transport -- Hediger et al. 20 (2): 125 -- Physiology Urate is produced as the major end product of purine metabolism by liver, muscles, and intestine. Approximately two thirds of the daily turnover of urate is accounted for by urinary excretion, with the remaining one third being excreted into the gut as feces. The solubility of urate decreases with decreasing temperature, physiologyonline.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/20/2/125   (5279 words)

Uric acid degrading enzymes, urate oxidase and allantoinase, are associated with different subcellular organelles in ... Uric acid degrading enzymes, urate oxidase and allantoinase, are associated with different subcellular organelles in frog liver and kidney -- Usuda et al. Uric acid degrading enzymes, urate oxidase and allantoinase, are associated with different subcellular organelles in frog liver and kidney demonstrate that whereas urate oxidase is present in peroxisomes, jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/107/4/1073   (353 words)

American Society of Hematology: ASH Hematology Reading List Description: Study of the safety and efficacy of recombinant urate oxidase (rasburicase) to prevent and treat tumor lysis syndrome and hyperuricemia in 100 patients undergoing chemotherapy for aggressive NHL. Description: Discussion of the pathophysiology of tumor lysis syndrome in oncology and the mechanism of action and therapeutic role of the new agent recombinant urate oxidase (rasburicase). Recombinant urate oxidase for prevention of hyperuricemia and tumor lysis syndrome in lymphoid malignancies. www.hematology.org /education/training/reading/51_tumor.cfm   (680 words)

06-051 - Urate Oxidase Knockout Mouse Model - Baylor Licensing Group - Baylor College of Medicine   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19) The Developers have created a mouse model with the third exon of the urate oxidase gene disrupted. The disruption results in no detectable activity of urate oxidase in liver extracts of homozygous animals and no detectable protein. The hyperuricemia and urate nephropathy developed are similar to that of the human condition gout, however are much more severe occurring early in life. www.bcm.edu /blg/showned.cfm?06-051   (188 words)

Temporal control of urate oxidase activity in Drosophila: evidence of an autonomous timer in malpighian tubules -- ... Temporal control of urate oxidase activity in Drosophila: evidence of an autonomous timer in malpighian tubules -- Friedman and Johnson 197 (4302): 477 -- Science Temporal control of urate oxidase activity in Drosophila: evidence of an autonomous timer in malpighian tubules The appearance of urate oxidase activity in the Malpighian tubules of Drosophlia melanogaster is synchronized with the time of emergence of the imago from the puparium. www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/197/4302/477   (251 words)

Peroxisome Proliferators and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor {alpha}: Biotic and Xenobiotic Sensing -- Reddy ... of the urate oxidase gene during hominoid evolution. nucleoids, signifying the absence of the enzyme, urate oxidase. oxidases, such as urate oxidase in livers with peroxisome proliferation. ajp.amjpathol.org /cgi/content/full/164/6/2305   (7192 words)

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