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	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Pope Urban II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Urban II, né Otho of Lagery (or Otto or Odo) (1042 - July 29, 1099), was a pope from 1088 to July 29, 1099.
		Urban's crusading movement took its first public shape at the Council of Piacenza, where in March 1095 Urban received an ambassador from the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, asking for help against the Muslims.
		Urban II died on July 29, 1099, fourteen days after the fall of Jerusalem to the Crusaders, but before news of the event had reached Italy; his successor was Paschal II.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Pope_Urban_II (708 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Bl. Urban II
		Urban succeeded in inducing many of those present to promist to help Alexius, but no definite step was taken by Urban till a few months later, when he summoned the most famous of his councils, that at Clermont in Auvergne.
		Urban's reception in France had been most enthusiastic, and enthusiasm for the Crusade had spread as the pope journeyed on from Italy.
		Amongst the figures painted in the apse of the oratory built by Calixtus II in the Lateran Palace is that of Urban II with the words sanctus Urbanus secundus beneath it.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15210a.htm (2159 words)

	Urban II - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		URBAN II [Urban II] c.1042-1099, pope (1088-99), a Frenchman named Odo (or Eudes) of Lagery; successor of Victor III.
		Urban's method was to travel about, summoning great councils of the whole population, to advertise and gain popularity for the reforms.
		Urban's resolute condemnation of Philip I of France in the matter of Philip's repudiation of his wife exemplifies his fearlessness.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/U/Urban2.asp (436 words)

	Saints of July 29
		Odo was legate to Germany, 1082-85, was briefly imprisoned there by Emperor Henry IV, and on March 12, 1088, he was elected pope to succeed Blessed Pope Victor III and took the name Urban II.
		Urban was faced by antipope Clement III, who held Rome and whom he had anathematized at the Synod of Quedlinburg in Saxony he had held in 1085 and who was supported by Emperor Henry IV.
		Urban held a synod at Melfi in 1089 that decreed against lay investiture, simony, and clerical marriages, but it was not until 1094 that he was able to sit on the papal throne in Rome.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0729.htm (3075 words)

	Reference: Philosophers, Scientists and Theologians of the Middle Ages - By Miles Hodges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		He eventually settled in Switzerland to preach the faith to the pagan Alemanni--though he was soon chased from this region as well because of his having chopped down sacred pagan trees and because of a continuing conspiracy against him in the courts of Theodoric II.
		But Pope Pelagius II pressured him to come out of seclusion and first had him appointed as a deacon of Rome and then as papal ambassador to the Eastern Roman or Byzantine court in Constantinople.
		In 590, during the middle of a horrible plague which had followed upon equally devastating floods, Pelagius II died -- and the unanimous Roman choice for pope went to Gregory -- who nonetheless did what he could to duck the responsibility.
	www.newgenevacenter.org /reference/middle-ages2.htm (6339 words)

	History of International Migration Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Another Course (History of Western Civilization) by Dr. Ellis L. Knox, Boise State University Last revised 31 July 1995
		Pope Urban II calls for the 1st Crusade Council of Clermont, France 27 November 1095
		Fulcher of Chartres A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem: 1095-1127, Book I, Chapter III translation: Frances Rita Ryan, 1969
	www.let.leidenuniv.nl /history/migration/contents1.html (789 words)

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