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	AllRefer.com - Urban VI (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		Urban VI 1318?–1389, pope (1378–89), whose election was the immediate cause of the Great Schism; a Neapolitan named Bartolomeo Prignano; successor of Gregory XI.
		Urban was recognized from the first by most of Italy and Germany, by Flanders, and by England and English territories.
		Urban alienated his political allies by his behavior; he probably murdered five cardinals (he had created a new sacred college) who had plotted against him, and thus horrified all Europe.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/U/Urban6.html (328 words)

	URBAN (I. - VIII.) - LoveToKnow Article on URBAN (I. - VIII.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Urban was vain, self-willed and extremely conscious of his position; he accepted the papacy chiefly as a temporal principality, and made it his first care to provide for its defence and to render it formidable.
		The only territory gained during Urban's pontificate, the duchy of Urbino, the last addition to the papal states, was acquired by reversion (1631); and in his one war, with the duke of Parma, for the district of Castro, he met defeat and humiliation (1644).
		Urban died on the 2ptb of July 1644, and was succeeded by Innocent X. For contemporary accounts of Urban see: Tommasucci, in Platina, De v-itis -Pontiff.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /U/UR/URBAN_I_VIII_.htm (2580 words)

	URBAN - LoveToKnow Article on URBAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Urban deposed Joanna of Naples (aist of April 1380) for adhering to France and Savoy in support of the antipope, and gave her kingdom to Charles of Durazzo.
		Urban succeeded in escaping to Genoa, where he put several of his cardinals to death for suspected disloyalty.
		Urban was frugal and never practised simony, but harshness, lack of tact, and fondness for unworthy nephews disgraced his pontificate.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /U/UR/URBAN.htm (558 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Urban VI
		Urban's ambassadors, doubtless inspired by the French and Limousin cardinals, left Rome too late, when the calumnies concerning the illegitimacy of the pope's election were widespread.
		During the voyage the Bishop of Aquila, one of the conspirators, was executed, and the cardinals, excepting Adam Aston, were put to death at Genoa, in spite of the intervention of the doge.
		Urban might have been a good pope in more peaceful circumstances; but he certainly was unable to heal the wounds which the Church had received during the exile of Avignon.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15216a.htm (1994 words)

	Urban, VI Biography / Biography of Urban, VI Biography Biography
		Urban VI (1318-1389) was pope from 1378 to 1389.
		In any case, the Great Schism brought Urban VI the support of France's enemies and brought Clement VII the support of France and its allies, creating years of bitterness and much loss of prestige for the papacy.
		For the pontificate of Urban VI the best general history in English is Mandell Creighton, A History of the Papacy during the Period of the Reformation, vol.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-urban-vi (528 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Early Modern: Lecture Five (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Innocent VI, a mild mannered teacher of law at the University of Toulouse, attempted to reduce the size of the papal court.
		Urban V had not been a Cardinal, but the abbot of the monastery of St. Victor at Marseilles.
		Urban VI excommunicated and deposed the elderly Angevin Queen Joan I of Naples, giving her kingdom to her cousin Charles III.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht34633e05.html (3702 words)

	NARPAC\|IMPORTED TEXT
		HOPE VI plays upon the public housing program's unfairly negative reputation and an exaggerated sense of crisis about the state of public housing in general to justify a drastic model of large-scale family displacement and housing redevelopment that increasingly appears to do more harm than good.
		Urban Renewal took control of property not functioning for what planners labeled as the "highest and best use," displaced existing residents, and replaced on the former site something regarded as an improved use of the land.
		Like the old local Urban Renewal agencies, public housing authorities seem to regard land re-use under HOPE VI as their primary, and more interesting, task: the new convention center; market-rate housing development; office complex are to Urban Renewal projects what the new mixed-income housing development with retail space is to HOPE VI.
	www.narpac.org /ITXFALSE.HTM (2629 words)

	City of Villages Guidelines for Future Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Urban Node and Phased Development This alternative as described in the 1979 Plan calls for more balanced and self-sufficient communities than the continuation of existing trends, but not as compact and complete as the "self-contained" communities concept.
		This alternative reinforces the importance of the Centre City urban core area as the administrative, financial, cultural and institutional center of the region.
		Growth will be focused in the Urbanized Area in selected urban nodes and corridors while carefully phasing development based on the provision of needed public facilities throughout the City.
	www.sandiego.gov /cityofvillages/documents/progress-guide/alternatives.shtml (531 words)

	Urban - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The term urban means cities and towns as distinct from rural areas.
		"Urban" is also a common papal name, derived from the concept of urbanity.
		This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Urban (134 words)

	Pope Gregory XI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		1336 – March 27, 1378), pope from 1370 to 1378, born in Rosiers-d'Égletons, Limousin around 1336, succeeded Urban V in 1370 as one of the Avignon popes.
		During his pontificate vigorous measures were taken against the "heresies" which had broken out in Germany, England, and other parts of Europe; a sincere effort was also made to bring about a reformation in the various monastic orders.
		His successor was Urban VI, but the antipope Clement VII also received much support, and the schism lasted forty years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Gregory_XI (209 words)

	Urban Dictionary: Vi
		Urban Dictionary: Vi Urban Dictionary is a slang dictionary with your definitions.
		VI is also the Roman numeral for "six." In Latin, the word for six is "sex." In the U.S., sex does not mean six; it refers to bangin', or layin' the pipe.
		Urban Dictionary is not appropriate for all audiences.
	www.urbandictionary.com /define.php?term=Vi&r=f (314 words)

	[No title]
		However being the man the Urban VI is, he let the election stand.
		Urban VI also threatened to increase the Italian representation in the College of Cardinals.
		Urban was only elected by 8 of the 16 Cardinals to begin with.
	wwwcsif.cs.ucdavis.edu /~brars/paper2mst.doc (1041 words)

	A Decade of HOPE VI
		People's thinking about the performance and impact of HOPE VI is intertwined with their views on the evolution of federal housing policy more broadly, and their concerns about the future role of public housing in helping to address the needs of the poor.
		HOPE VI is currently the only major source of redevelopment funding, and many localities are pleased with their successes in replacing older projects that were blighting their communities with new, mixed-income developments.
		This evidence includes large-scale studies carried out by the Urban Institute on resident outcomes, Abt Associates' baseline and interim assessments, the recent attempts to assess neighborhood impacts by the Brookings Institution and the Housing Research Foundation, as well as the many smaller studies by local evaluators and related research on mobility and scattered-site housing.
	www.urban.org /Template.cfm?NavMenuID=24&template=/TaggedContent/ViewPublication.cfm&PublicationID=8864 (2362 words)

	URBAN KNIGHTS VI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Urban Knights VI is an evolution of talents that have melded together and come across as pure musical class distinction.
		Producer, Frayne Lewis takes Urban Knights VI to a place where great jazz artists who preceded them created gems for young musicians to use as their inspiration.
		Producer, Frayne Lewis takes Urban Knights VI and blends his jazz sensibilities with the original urban sound they created in 1995 with fresh grooves but Frayne never wanders to far from his jazz legacy and adds a new depth and dimension to their music.
	members.aol.com /iwadjazz/URBANKNIGHTSVI.htm (245 words)

	Pope Urban VI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pope Urban VI Urban VI, born Bartolommeo Prignani (1318 - 1389), pope (1378 to 1389), was a native of Naples.
		The measures of Urban were not without vigour, but at the same time were characterized by such a want of prudence and self-control as has given rise to the not improbable assertion that he actually was, at times at least, a lunatic.
		The castle of St Angelo was besieged and taken, and the antipope Clement VII put to flight, while Charles of Durazzo[?] was invested in the sovereignty of Naples, forfeited by Queen Joanna.
	www.city-search.org /po/pope-urban-vi.html (481 words)

	HOPE VI
		Urban developers and low-income housing advocates reacted with dismay to the Bush Administration’s proposal in February to phase out the federal HOPE VI program.
		The roughly $4.5 billion allocated to HOPE VI over the past decade has ushered in the planning or construction of dozens of mixed-income housing developments that rely — to varying degrees — on new urban principles.
		Without HOPE VI, she says, it’s impossible to pay for construction of new public housing units for people who are poor and whose monthly rent payments are limited to 30 percent of their income.
	www.newurbannews.com /Hope_VI_0303.html (849 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Urban VI
		A pious monk and able administrator before his election, he almost immediately came into conflict with the cardinals and showed himself to be arrogant and imperious.
		The majority of cardinals fled to Fondi, Italy, repudiated their election of Urban, and on 20 September 1378 chose Robert of Geneva as anti-pope; he chose the name Clement VII, and inaugurated decades of Schism that divided Europe, confused the faithful, and wasted the lives of many good men.
		Had his time been more peaceful he may have been a competent leader of the Church, but Urban was ill-suited to deal with the legacy of divisions following the Avignon exile.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0202.htm (210 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He held a post in the chancery before he succeeded Pope Gregory XI as Pope Urban VI in April, 1378.
		Scholars say that the cardinals were surprised and upset at Urban's overbearing manner and at his threats to create an Italian majority in the College of Cardinals.
		Urban decreed a Holy Year every 33 years, and shortly before his death in 1389, he ruled that the Visitation of the Virgin to St. Elizabeth, a Franciscan holy day, be celebrated by the whole church.
	www2.evansville.edu /ECOLEWEB/glossary/urbanvi.html (193 words)

	Federal Program Leads to Better Homes and Neighborhoods for Public Housing Residents
		Those who leave the troubled housing developments as part of HOPE VI revitalization efforts are moving to accommodations with fewer problems and to neighborhoods with less poverty, significantly less crime, and slightly more racial diversity.
		The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Annie E. Casey Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Fannie Mae Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and the Chicago Community Trust have provided funding for the HOPE VI Panel Study.
		The Urban Institute is a nonprofit, nonpartisan policy research and educational organization that examines the social, economic, and governance challenges facing the nation.
	www.urban.org /Template.cfm?Section=Home&NavMenuID=3&Template=/TaggedContent/ViewPublication.cfm&PublicationID=8985 (1045 words)

	Pope Urban VI and the Anti-Pope Clement VII (Getty Museum) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pope Urban VI and the Anti-Pope Clement VII
		Early in 1378, a group of primarily Italian cardinals elected Urban VI as pope.
		In this image, Urban VI sits at the right, and Clement VII sits at the left, flanked by his supporters.
	www.getty.edu /art/collections/objects/o4804.html (194 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Urban VI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Urban VI (1318-1389), pope (1378-1389), whose election marked the beginning of the Great Schism.
		Henry VI (Holy Roman Empire) (1165-1197), Holy Roman emperor (1191-1197) and king of Sicily (1194-1197), born in Nijmegen (in present-day...
		Born Uberto Crivelli in Milan, Italy, he was created cardinal in 1182 and became archbishop of Milan in...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Urban_VI.html (87 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Urban VI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Robert of Geneva (1342-16 September 1394) was elected to the papacy by the French cardinals who opposed Urban VI, thereby becoming the first antipope of the Western Schism, as Pope Clement VII.
		Charles III, King of Naples, also known as Charles II of Hungary and Charles of Durazzo, reigned as King of Naples from 1381 to 1386 and as King of Hungary (under the name of King Károly II the Small) for one year only from 1385 to 1386.
		Clement VI, nÃ© Pierre Roger (1291 â€“ December 6, 1352), pope (1342-1352), the fourth of the Avignon popes, was elected in May 1342.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Urban-VI (1565 words)

	JKCinema.com ==> Games and Movies
		We present some popular urban legends and ask you to determine whether they're fact or fiction.
		In this installment of the Urban Legends Series, we examine evidence of ghosts in the form of photographs, videos, and audio.
		In this episode of our Urban Legends series, we present 5 popular cases of the paranormal and the unexplained.
	jkcinema.com /gamesmov.asp?type=5 (159 words)

	The Late Medieval Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The cardinals elected Urban VI, who was indeed Italian but who was a life-long functionary within the Church, guaranteed to keep the status quo.
		Urban VI (1378-1389), however, unexpectedly turned zealous upon his election, and began active reforming with the College of Cardinals his especial target.
		One faction, largely French, fled to Anagni where they declared Urban's election invalid, because it was forced on them by the Roman mob.
	history.boisestate.edu /westciv/babylon/12.shtml (237 words)

	GREAT WESTERN SCHISM REFUTES PAPACY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Urban VI was undoubtedly insane his mind having snapped when he was chosen and most of the cardinals who elected him said they did so by force so the election was invalid.
		The Catholic Church thinks Urban VI was the real pope and not Clement VII because if the cardinals had fiddled the election of Urban VI they would have chosen Tebaldeschi instead of him for that would have pleased the mob better.
		Urban VI reigned from Rome and Clement VII reigned from the papal palace in Avignon, France.
	www.angelfire.com /folk/atheist/westernschism.html (8714 words)

	Gregory VI -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The major cause of the schism was the move of the papacy to Avignon, France, early in the 14th century.
		Giovanni Battista Cardinal Montini, archbishop of Milan, chose the name Paul VI when he was elected the Supreme Pontiff of the Roman Catholic church on June 21, 1963.
		Narrative composed by Abbot Suger, minister to Louis VI, recounting the king’s effort to consolidate and strengthen the power of the French monarchy in the early 12th century.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9038023 (594 words)

	8
		The Roman Catholic apologists' claim the pope is superior to any church council is clearly disproved by an examination of the earliest general councils and by the Council of Constance.
		Urban VI didn't recognize their actions and neither did half of Catholic Europe.
		Half of Europe recognized Urban VI as the legitimate pope and the other half recognized Clement VII with each pope gathering around himself his own group of cardinals and clergy, and with both Popes excommunicating the other.
	www.fortunecity.com /meltingpot/bicycleroad/21/id176.htm (696 words)

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